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This paper describes the results of experimental tests and computer simulation modelling aimed at evaluating the performance of an electrochromic (EC) window with respect to solar radiation control and the relative impact on the energy consumption of buildings of the residential type for two typical Italian climates. The research is carried out by a test-cell equipped with a small area EC double glazing unit and by a simulation program of buildings’ energy behaviour in transient regime. The experimental results show that EC devices which modulate solar radiation mainly by absorption, like the one investigated in this paper, generate secondary solar heat gains which entails a 20% decrease of the maximum potential energy flux reduction. Also, this effect could rise the temperature of the internal glass pane of the glazing to levels for which risk of thermal discomfort for the occupants may occur. The computer simulation modelling involves a residential building unoccupied during a large fraction of daytime in weekdays. The savings potential of the investigated EC window are calculated relative to a conventional clear float double glazing unit. Results show that the EC glazing may lead to a considerable decrease of the cooling energy demand (and of the total building energy consumption) in cooling dominated climates. The energy saving benefits become less marked in heating dominated climates and, for low values of the window-to-wall ratio, can be overcame by the increase in lighting and heating energy requirements that results in an increase of the total building energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]