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Highlights: [•] Glazed, healthy building's energy efficiency and sustainability. [•] Tuning Control of Buildings Glazing's Transmittance of Solar Spectra. [•] Optimal control of Daylighting and Building's Energy Efficiency. [•] Daylighting dynamic control's performance prediction and validation. [•] R&D at the edge of new breakthroughs of the healthy buildings daylighting dynamic control. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Reviewed are the multi-criteria sustainability analysis methods, algorithms and schemes. [•] Methods sensitivity to the selected criteria sets and the sub-indicators agglomeration. [•] Complex system of sustainability's hierarchic character, criteria and indicators. [•] Sustainable buildings intrinsic energy and people comfort/health synergy. [•] Holistic Multivariate analysis to approach universal definition of sustainability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] New luminous efficacy of daylight models is proposed. [•] We compared the daylight luminous efficacy prediction models. [•] We described annual global and diffuse luminous efficacy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Emphasizing that sustainable development, health, social security and renewable energy sources implementation are inextricably linked, paper examines the state of the art of building''s health and sustainability relevant technologies. Sustainability definitions, relevant criteria and indicators related to healthy buildings have been searched and studied. Reviewed is the wide range of physically sound interdisciplinary research, results of which are new knowledge and developed synergetic analytical/experimental methods that lead to a sustainable, healthy, comfortable/productive indoor and outdoor environment. Research and knowledge based building intelligence and e-automation are elucidated as crucial technologies and techniques for design, construction and operation of sustainable buildings. Study shows, that qualitative relations and relevant comparative evaluation methods between indoor environmental quality and work performance or health, and further relation of both to the energy and energy efficiency, are not enough neither known nor searched. Initiated research is devoted to the healthy and sustainable buildings relevant performance modeling, evaluation methods and metrics investigation, and determination of all relevant interdependent relations, as well as determination of the relevant synergetic sustainability criteria and indicators. Initial results of related research are presented. Further research needs are outlined, drawing the attention on the role of harmony and interdisciplinarity in synergetic buildings health/sustainability study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Further advance of the healthy building''s energy efficiency and sustainability is inextricably linked to the building''s envelopes/facades physics study, particularly fundamentals of the dynamic control of sunlight and optimal control of solar heat gains. Based on the improved understanding of mechanism which physically control specific materials intensity, e.g. absorption, reflection and transmission of solar radiation, are to be improved strategies to dynamically control separation of the daylight admittance from the solar heat gains. Relevant dynamic control mathematical models and algorithms, as well as infrastructure/hardware and software integrated performance prediction and validation are to be further developed. This paper reviews the most recent research and development results, the current state of the science and art, as well as some of the ongoing R&D at the edge of new breakthroughs of the healthy buildings daylighting dynamic control''s performance prediction and validation. Finally defined is a challenging future research goal—tuning control of buildings glazing''s transmittance dependence on the solar radiation wavelength to optimize daylighting and building''s energy efficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A proper glare prediction method is needed to promote visual comfort. The purpose of this study is to suggest the methodology to identify the glare source, which is necessary in order to control glare coming from windows. Experiments with subjects were conducted in order to evaluate discomfort glare from windows and the features that made the subjects recognize the glare sources in the windows with non-uniform luminance distributions were explored. Discomfort glare was evaluated in two categories: first across the whole window and then by unit area of the window. The results of the evaluations led to the realization that the discomfort glare value of the whole window is larger than the mean value of the discomfort glares from the window patches. In addition, it is revealed that the evaluated value of discomfort glare is a function of the average luminance of the visual field. There is a linear relationship between the average luminance of the visual field and the average luminance of the glare patches. Such linear relationship has been translated into a formula, whose high accuracy is proven in the study. Using the formula makes it possible to easily identify the window patches that would generate glare. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The existing studies in this area adopt mostly quantitative methods, so there is a lack of qualitative evaluation regarding users’ interaction with green buildings. [•] Our research aims to develop a method for evaluating green building performance, which includes user experience. [•] We conducted a case study to evaluate the performance of a KGBC-certified green apartment. [•] We have used a customized method, with a focus on user-oriented factors, to present the results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] This study aims to obtain an insight into the effect of residents’ behaviors on energy use. [•] In-depth interviews were conducted to investigate the residents’ energy use behaviors. [•] The service life of buildings do not affect much energy consumption. [•] Energy conservation behaviors have more effect on energy consumption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A new sensor fault validation model is suggested to identify and reconstruct sensor faults in a metro system. [•] ICA method is used to deal with a non-Gaussian feature of IAQ data in the metro system. [•] ICA-based iterative reconstruction algorithm is developed to the faulty sensor to bring the fault back to normal. [•] ICA-based sensor validation model can detect, identify, and reconstruct the sensor faults more precisely than the conventional model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The energy-efficient algorithms of the steam curing were developed to minimize the energy use. [•] Total steam curing energy was calculated easily and quickly by the algorithms. [•] The algorithms systemized with reference database were verified by a comparative study. [•] About 23% of the energy was saved by using the algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Lighting is one of the largest energy users in artificially lit buildings. In this context, daylighting strategies that potentially reduce the needs of artificial lighting have been highlighted. However, they have not always materialized in practice, which is mainly due to the lack of understanding of occupant perception and behaviour of natural and artificial lighting systems. This study reports survey results from a monitoring campaign of four offices in Korea, which was conducted from February to June 2010 with an aim to reveal occupancy patterns, occupant use of lighting systems, and resulting lighting energy use. The results indicate that there are no statistically significant relationships between external illuminance and lighting use patterns, but there is a clear time of day effects (i.e. a strong tendency of turning on lighting on worker''s first arrival in the morning). It has been found that the application of automatic dimming control for lighting with a design illuminance of 500lx demands to the field studied offices can reduce lighting energy consumption by up to 43%. The study also shows that a change in occupancy patterns observed in this study leads to an increase in lighting energy use by up to 50%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The use of windows is the most common way of providing natural lighting to interior spaces of buildings. Natural lighting in buildings can displace the requirement for artificial lighting, and thus, has high potential to save energy. Discomfort glare from windows, however, is one of the fundamental barriers to the effective use of natural lighting in buildings. This study examined the potential effects of different window views on the subjective assessment of discomfort glare. Forty-eight subjects (24 men and 24 women) participated in the experiments. The experiment results indicated that the type of view and the distance of the view object are two critical factors of the subjective evaluation of discomfort glare. The results further showed that variations in the luminance distribution of a window (i.e., the ratio of the highest to the lowest luminance of the window) are not a statistically significant factor of subjective discomfort glare, but that there is a significant relationship between the mean luminance of a window and its subjective discomfort glare. This suggests that the mean luminance of a window, the type of window view, and the distance of the view objects should also be considered in the evaluation of the subjective discomfort glare from a window. This paper also discussed the energy-saving potential of daylighting strategies that consider discomfort glare from windows. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy management for housing, which is responsible for 70% of the energy consumption by buildings, is increasing in importance. This study identified the characteristics of energy consumption in high-rise apartment buildings through a series of case studies and resident surveys. The results were as follows: (1) high-rise apartment buildings can be classified according to whether they are mixed-use or general residential buildings and according to the building shape. (2) In the evaluation of the characteristics of electrical energy consumption according to building use, residents in the mixed-use apartments showed higher behavior of active heating management and more actively adjusted their indoor stay, but they consumed more electricity, particularly in summer, than those living in general residential apartments. (3) For the electric energy consumption characteristics according to the building shape, plate-type buildings consumed less energy than tower-type buildings. And the latter consumed 1.48 times more energy than the former in the electricity for common areas. (4) When evaluating the characteristics of liquefied natural gas consumption according to the building shape, it can be seen that plate-type buildings consumed 10% more gas than tower-type buildings. (5) CO2 emissions in mixed-use buildings were found to be higher than those in general residential buildings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the maximum electric energy production according to the inclination and direction of photovoltaic (PV) installations and the effects of the installation distance to the module length ratio. The annual solar insolation on PV panels was calculated for various façades of two buildings, and an analysis of different horizontal and vertical inclinations of PV panels was also conducted in consideration of the effects of panel shading from other panels and surrounding buildings. As a result, the electric energy production due to the use of the PV system can cover approximately 1–5% of the electric energy consumption of a typical office building in Korea in terms of proper combinations of the following installation factors: inclination, module type, installation distance to module length ratio, and direction. However, if in the building all measures, currently known and technically available would be implemented, the percentage of covering by PV can be significantly bigger. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the electric energy harvesting efficiency of Venetian blinds according to their design parameters using photovoltaic modules. The size of photovoltaic modules attached to the blind panel and the inclined angle of the blind frame''s photovoltaic modules are the primary parameters in its efficiency because of shading effects except geographical characteristics. The ventilation''s affect on the temperature decrease of photovoltaic modules in a double-layer window façade was analyzed using a heat exchange network analysis between layers of the photovoltaic module integrated blind (PV-blind). The temperature of the components in a PV-blind and the amounts of harvested energy are calculated with an hourly time step during one sunny day. The maximum temperature of a photovoltaic module without ventilation is almost 78°C, which means a daily electric energy production rate decrease from 14.1% to 10.4% compared to temperature independent case studies. Blinds with a ventilated façade for buoyancy driven airflow provide a maximum photovoltaic temperature of 58.4°C and have a greater efficiency at 11.7%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to discuss the energy-saving effects of residents’ participation in apartment complexes through the imparting of relevant information and motivation. Therefore, this study compared the results of two separate surveys. Surveys developed based on the government guidelines were utilized to observe and compare residents’ consciousness, knowledge and behaviors, before and after providing them with information and performing promotion activities The major findings are as follows: First, the residents’ energy-saving consciousness, knowledge, and behavior improved after they were provided with relevant information and exposed to campaigns. Second, these factors improved further if residents had been previously exposed to such information and campaigns at their apartment complexes. Third, energy-saving activities driven by residents’ participation instilled a sense of pride in their apartment complex. Hence, this study''s examination and discussion of the energy-saving effects of apartment complexes is expected to be utilized as a framework and guideline for the creation of effective energy-saving manuals for apartment residents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] PARAFAC monitoring is suggested for the IAQ periodic characteristics. [•] It captures both the time-correlations and the variable-correlation of IAQ. [•] A seasonal PARAFAC model can monitor and interpret the variations of IAQ. [•] The source identification of the main air pollutants by a contributing plot. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] New remodeling construction method of wall apartment buildings was developed. [•] The method will provide the identical floor depth with existing buildings. [•] Modular construction was proposed with steels between the existing and new frames. [•] The energy efficiency of precast composite frames for remodeling was validated. [•] Sustainable technology was demonstrated based on material hybrid application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Model predictive control (MPC) is developed for a subway ventilation system. [•] Process models were obtained with parametric identification and FOPTD model. [•] Multi-objective optimization (MOO) was able to find optimal set points of MPC. [•] MPC combined with MOO showed better indoor air quality and 24% lower energy consumption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Enhanced SGF provides constructability using precast concrete brackets. [•] A hybrid construction method combines advantages of PC and steel structure. [•] The framework construction period can be reduced by 52.4%. [•] The amount of structural materials used in SGF was decreased. [•] The energy efficiency embedded in reduction of materials was validated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The location of the UFAD plays a vital role in the maximum change in airflow. [•] Controlling the velocities can be effective for thermal environment with UFAD. [•] Applicability of UFAD has been verified for a huge space with high ceiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A conceptual model for LCC-based LCCO2 analysis is proposed in the optimized manner. [•] The cost-carbon effect and energy consumption of buildings are analyzed easily and quickly. [•] The model helps to plan for green construction and process management of apartment buildings. [•] The DB configured for the model can be utilized to analyze LCC/LCCO2 of similar future projects. [•] The model can be implemented into an automated system for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Occupants of buildings consciously interact with environmental systems to satisfy their specific needs for comfort. Field investigations have indicated that this adaptive behaviour of the occupants is a key factor in affecting the energy consumption of buildings and can change the energy use of similar buildings by a factor of 2. This study aims to reveal the factors in determining lighting energy consumption of open plan offices with the emphasis on the roles of occupant adaptive actions. Field investigations of open plan offices in Seoul, Korea were conducted from 20 July to 29 September. Internal and external illuminance and the use of lighting were monitored at ten minute intervals. Seventy seven office workers filled in the questionnaire survey forms five times a day for 40 days. Results reveal that there were close relationships between prevailing illuminance levels on the work plane and luminous comfort. This study presents the hourly profiles of both lighting use patterns and lighting energy consumption, and investigates the lighting energy consumption of open plan offices in relation to internal illuminance, visual comfort and lighting system use patterns. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With growing interest in the residential environment, the control of indoor air quality (IAQ) has become more important. When finish materials are selected considering pollutant source control in the design stage, the efficiency of IAQ control in the construction and use stages can be maximized. However, there have been little cases and researches of Database Management System (DBMS) establishment to choose interior finish materials with consideration of IAQ in the design stage. Thus, this study aims to carry out research on a system for selection of apartment house finish materials based on IAQ performance evaluation. For this, pollutants generated from interior finish materials and IAQ evaluation standards are looked into. Measures to apply to the selection system are presented considering comprehensive IAQ evaluation methods in the design stage. The outcome of this study can be utilized for building up a system to improve IAQ and material selection procedures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Indoor air quality is important to occupant health. Ventilation is a widely used technique for improving indoor air quality. However, improper ventilation results in heat losses up to 70.0% and is often the source of energy usage problems. According to the final report of the HOPE , the simultaneous assurance of ventilation, energy reduction and occupant health remains a design challenge. In addition, CO2 is a pollutant which is largely impacted by air exchange, the effects of which cannot be neglected in indoor air quality. Therefore, this study focuses on levels of CO2 and calculates the makeup air rate and recirculation air rate of indoor spaces. The optimum ratio of makeup air and recirculation air is evaluated in Korea to maintain acceptable indoor air quality and to save energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Optimal shading systems should increase daylight levels while controlling the amount of excessive sunlight and reducing discomfort and glare for the occupants. To eliminate the effect of absorbing solar heat, shading systems should be located in the external part of the window. An external shading device requires many design consideration such as solar geometry, physical dimension of the elements, materials, finishes, control strategies, and aesthetics. This study proposes an experimental configuration of an external shading device can be applied to apartment houses in South Korea. To verify the advantage of the external device, conventional daylighting devices have been examined and compared in terms of energy savings for heating and cooling. A series of simulations by an energy analysis program, IES_VE, has revealed that the experimental shading device promises the most efficient performance with various adjustments of the slat angle. A secondary advantage is that it also provides better views for occupants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The construction industry requires significant materials and energy, and has some of the most pressing needs for energy-saving initiatives to support sustainable development. This paper studies energy efficiency during the construction of structural systems for multi-residential apartment buildings using composite structural systems. For this purpose, nine linear-shaped apartment buildings originally designed as bearing wall systems were designed as flat slabs and hybrid composite frames to study the energy consumptions of such buildings during the construction phase. The energy consumptions were then compared in terms of structural system, number of floors, and area. The energy-efficient hybrid frame used structural steel, cast-in-place concrete, and precast concrete. The structural system proposed in this paper is intended to reduce energy consumption through the proper combination of structural steel, cast-in-place concrete, and precast concrete. It was found that a multi-residential apartment building constructed with an energy-efficient hybrid composite frame could save approximately 20% of the construction phase energy used in the conventional bearing wall system. This energy savings was made possible by the reduced use of form-work resulting from the utilization of precast members, and the reduced consumptions of steel and concrete resulting from the enhanced structural performance of the hybrid composite system. The energy-efficient hybrid structural system is expected to be an alternative for future multi-residential apartment buildings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The replacement of old equipment in multi-residential apartment buildings with bearing-wall structural systems requires demolition and reconstruction. Several issues arise when performing such tasks, including the degradation of the urban environment, the wasting of resources, and the generation of construction waste. As a potential solution to these issues, a hybrid composite structural system for use in an apartment building was proposed. This system provides a level of architectural flexibility that is not offered by a conventional bearing-wall structure. The architectural flexibility extends the service life of apartment buildings by reducing the need for demolishing and reconstructing bearing-wall apartment buildings. In addition, the alternative system maximizes the efficiency of material use through the optimized relocation of structural steel, cast-in-place concrete, and precast concrete, thereby reducing material quantities and minimizing CO2 emissions. When compared to a conventional bearing-wall apartment, the hybrid composite system consisting of structural steel, cast-in-place concrete, and precast concrete is expected to improve energy efficiency during construction. In this work, the results of analytical and experimental investigations of a hybrid composite beam to be used in multi-residential apartment buildings are presented. The beam was found to yield enhanced energy efficiency when compared to a conventional bearing-wall apartment. The developed analytical prediction method based on the strain compatibility theory was validated by experiment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]