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• Heat transfer characteristics of lightweight fabric membrane building materials are reviewed. • The researches on indoor thermal environment of membrane structure buildings are summarized. • Suggestions for future research on thermal behavior of membrane structure buildings are put forward. Compared with the conventional building structure, the translucent lightweight membrane structure with excellent material performance, good building performance and structural performance has attracted widespread attention. Generally, the analysis of the thermal environment of membrane structures is an interdisciplinary subject in terms of material properties, environmental performance and sustainability. In order to determine the typical and essential thermal characteristics of membrane structures, the thermal-optical properties of membrane materials, heat transfer properties and thermal behaviors of building envelopes with membrane structures were reviewed. The achievements and gaps of the research on indoor thermal environment of membrane structure buildings were summarized. In addition, some reasonable suggestions have been proposed for future research on the indoor thermal environment of membrane structure buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]