Search

CdZnTe:In (CZT:In) films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated (FTO) substrates by close-spaced sublimation method, and the structural, morphological, and optical properties of CZT:In f...

In this work, a large number of experiments have been carried out to study the aquathermolysis of heavy oil of different viscosities with superheated steam. First, a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave was independently designed to carry out an aquathermolysis reaction with superheated steam. Second, the viscosities of the heavy oil samples were measured before and after the aquathermolysis reaction by an MCR 302 rheometer. Finally, both the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) content and the carbon number distribution of heavy oil samples before and after the aquathermolysis reaction were determined by chromatography. The experimental results show the following: (1) The higher the content of resins and asphaltenes, the longer is the reaction time for aquathermolysis equilibrium. (2) As for different viscosity oil samples, the starting temperature for aquathermolysis is different; however, the reaction temperature for aquathermolysis equilibrium is the same. (3) The cracking of r...

In this paper, the oil and gas samples produced from tight sandstone reservoir core plugs in immiscible, near-miscible, and miscible CO2 flooding processes at the reservoir temperature are experimentally characterized. First, the vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) technique is applied to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of the light crude oil–CO2 system. Second, a total of five CO2-coreflood tests are conducted under immiscible, near-miscible, and miscible conditions to thoroughly study the characteristics of the produced oils and gases during each CO2 flooding process. In the immiscible case (Pinj < MMP), the produced oil becomes heavier and heavier during CO2 injection in terms of its density, viscosity, molecular weight, and hydrocarbons (HCs). The produced gas contains up to 84–96 mol % HCs (dominantly C4–7) extracted from the light crude oil by CO2 at the beginning and 85–100 mol % CO2 at the end of CO2 injection. In the near-miscible case (Pinj ≈ MMP), the heaviest oil is produced a...

A steady bubble gas–liquid mass-transfer model for studying wet limestone scrubbing is established on the basis of the film theory and the principle of mass conservation. The characteristic, size, solid loading, and bubble size of the fine particles have a great influence on gas–liquid mass transfer. The present work is to explain how these factors influence the reaction between Na2SO3 and O2 and find the best reaction conditions through experiment. From the modeling study, the sulfite oxidation reaction rate is affected by the concentration of sulfite, bubble size, and mass diffusion coefficient. The reaction order with respect to the bubble radius is 0 during the kinetic-controlled process and −1 during the diffusion-controlled process. The oxidation rate was experimentally studied by contacting pure oxygen with sodium sulfite solution in the single-bubble system. Theoretical results show good agreement with the experimental data. It has been found that the fine particle and bubble size rather than the ...