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The continuing dependence on fossil fuels and the rising energy use in the transport sector have resulted in increased research into viable transport biofuels to mitigate climate change and improve energy security. As transport biofuels now only have a small share of the transport sector energy supply and the complexity in providing the fuels because of issues related to available land and food security, this paper develops conversion path solutions for transport biofuel development based on a technological paradigm study. A data-driven approaches system (DAS) that combines visualization analyses with technological paradigm theory is proposed to reveal the key areas and trends in transport biofuels. Timeline, timezones, and cluster visualizations identified the transport biofuel technological paradigm (TBTP) from current transport biofuel developments; a pre-shift phase (including TBTP competition and TBTP diffusion) and a shift phase (TBTP shift), which respectively relate to conventional biofuels, advanced biofuels, and biofuel cells. However, from further DAS trend analyses and the practical findings, electric energy trends were revealed, indicating that there was a paradigm shift from the biofuel paradigm to a bio-electric energy paradigm. From the developed bio-electric energy framework, both indirect and direct methods were found to have led to an this electric energy conversion to an e-bio fuel cell vehicle for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) and bioelectricity for electric vehicles (EV), both of which can contribute to a low-carbon, sustainable transportation future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuels produced from renewable energy biomass are playing a more significant role because of the environmental problems resulting from the use of fossil fuels. However, a major problem with biofuel production is that despite the range of feedstock that can be used, raw material availability varies considerably. By combining a series of theories and methods, the research objective of this study is to determine the current developments and the future trends in biofuel feedstock. By combining technological paradigm theory with literature mining, it was found that biofuel feedstock production development followed a three-stage trajectory, which was in accordance with the traditional technological paradigm – the S-curve. This new curve can be divided into BFDP (biofuel feedstock development paradigm) competition, BFDP diffusion, and BFDP shift. The biofuel production diffusion velocity model showed that there has been constant growth from 2000, with the growth rate reaching a peak in 2008, after which time it began to drop. Biofuel production worldwide is expected to remain unchanged until 2030 when a paradigm shift is expected. This study also illustrates the results of our innovative procedure – a combination of the data analysis system and the technological paradigm theory – for the present biofuel feedstock soft path that will lead to this paradigm shift, with integrated biofuel production feedstock systems expected to be a significant new trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of climate change and possible future energy shortages, the installed capacity of clean energy natural gas (NG) and renewable energy (RE) for power generation has gradually increased. However, in the traditional electricity market, there is significant competition between NG and RE as gas prices tend to be volatile, and RE power generation from wind and solar can be intermittent and somewhat unreliable, indicating that these power sources have some drawbacks if used to independently generate electricity; therefore, determining the balance of NG and RE to ensure are resilient, reliable, flexible and affordable power generation system is an important goal. Based on the data analysis system (DAS) combined with paradigm theory, this paper examines the possibility of hybrid power generation in the future. The results of literature analysis visualization show that NG or RE has its own power generation paradigm, and a paradigm shift towards hybrid NG-RE power generation was found, so NG-RE power generation paradigm (NGREP) was proposed. To determine whether these NG-RE hybrid energy developments could be more competitive than separate developments, a comparative analysis was conducted, from which it was found that hybrid NG-RE systems are more attractive in some cases. However, as there are still challenges in the developments of these systems, a driving force is needed to promote further hybrid developments. Using hybrid power generation in areas with plentiful wind, solar and gas can maximize energy use efficiency and significantly reduce carbon emissions and other pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]