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The current study attempts to improve the performance of SI engines by employing two alternative acetone–gasoline mixtures. This investigation applies the Artificial Bees Colony Algorithm (ABC) to determine the optimum acetone–gasoline blends and engine speed to increase engine performance further and minimize fuel consumption. The SI engine performance of one-cylinder, four-stroke powered by neat gasoline fuel (AC0), 5% of acetone by volume (AC5), and 10 % of acetone by volume (AC10) has been investigated experimentally. Tests were carried out at speed rates from 1,000 to 3,600 rpm. The gasoline engine was integrated into an eddy-current dynamometer to evaluate the performance indexes. It was revealed that the overall performance of the gasoline engine is enhanced when acetone is blended with gasoline. The AC10 exhibited better engine brake torque (BT) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than pure gasoline, with 4.39 % and 6.9 %, respectively. According to the optimization findings, a 10% acetone concentration and engine speeds of 2889 rpm and 2769 rpm produced the best results in terms of BT and BTE, which were 7.776 N.m and 29.992%, respectively. However, at 2401 rpm of engine speed, a minimum BSFC of 0.2986 was reached without acetone. This result demonstrates that the ABC algorithm can precisely forecast the optimal position in terms of engine effectiveness and fuel consumption.

Acetone–gasoline fuel is one potential favorable alternative option to regular gasoline fuel. This work attempts to mitigate pollution while simultaneously improving SI engine performance with acetone (AC) proportion in fuel mixture and varying engine speed. Acetone–gasoline alternative fuel was experimentally prepared by mixing 5–10 vol.% of acetone into ordinary gasoline. The experiments were performed in a spark ignition (SI) single-cylinder, four-stroke at variable engine speed. The engine performance was measured by an eddy current dynamometer (ECD), while the exhaust engine was measured by a gas analyzer connected to the gasoline engine. The proposed strategy, the integrated combined polynomial regression with whale optimization algorithm (WOA), was implemented. The results showed that the acetone blending of 10 % with gasoline (AC10: 10 vol. % acetone + 90 vol. % gasoline) decreases carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), emissions by 26.3%, 30.3%, and 6.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the AC10 exhibited better engine brake power (BP) than pure gasoline, with an improvement of 4.39%. According to the optimization results, the BP was enhanced by AC10 to record 2.426 kW at 2887 rpm. In addition, engine emissions reduced to the lowest levels of 142.849 ppm, 0.426%, and 1088.178 ppm, in terms of UHC, CO, and NOx, respectively. The experiment results show that the WOA optimizer can accurately predict the optimal point in SI engine performance and emissions.

A hybrid solar lighting/ thermal system utilized a parabolic solar dish as a solar collector illustrated in this paper. A two-axis tracking system was developed and employed to improve the energy output of a concentrating solar system (CSP) that produces hot water and light. During the daytime, sunlight is transmitted by fiber optics to an indoor photovoltaic PV device to generate electricity, or it can be used directly as daylighting. The heat generated is used to heat water. The findings show that the proposed system is a low-cost, high-performance approach for solar energy use in building energy efficiency, and readily available tracking components and tools. The experimental work shows that the maximum efficiency of the hybrid solar lighting/ thermal system controlled with a dual-axis solar tracking system was 32.2%.

A concentrating solar power (CSP) unit was designed to work as a hybrid system to supply the required energy for heat water and high intensity light. The system consists of a parabolic solar dish that reflected light in a set of optical fiber light inside a receiver. In turn, this light was transmitted to an indoor photovoltaic (PV) panels to produce electrical energy or used directly as a source of light during the day. This study revealed the following points: (i) the increased number of fiber optics, the improved efficiency of solar panel and power generated; (ii) the efficiency of the hybrid solar system was 23.62%. (iii) when the separation distance between the fiber optics and the PV module was closed, the level of the power generated becomes higher; and finally; (v) this application is more suitable for a limited area in the roof of the building.