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Smoking is a chronic disease with damages to physical and mental health and to the social and economic life of the user. This study aimed to identify in the scientific literature the knowledge produced about tobacco dependence in schizophrenia and its utilization by nursing. An integrative review of the scientific literature was conducted, from May 2001 to May 2011, based on the following guiding questions: Is there a relationship between tobacco dependence and schizophrenia? Has this issue been approached by nursing? The papers were selected in MEDLINE and CAPES Periodicals Portal, from the descriptors: smoking, schizophrenia and nursing. Of the 346 papers found, attending to the inclusion criteria, the sample comprised52 papers, which were analyzed and discussed. It was found that the relationship between schizophrenia and smoking is unquestionable according to the scientific literature, and worrying because despite the apparent benefits (improvement of the negative symptoms, decrease of the adverse effects of the medicines, feeling of pleasure) there is interference in the drug therapy and impairment of disorder presentation. Of the 52 papers analyzed, only three mentioned the professional nurse, so evidencing the lack of positioning of nursing at the head of this issue. It was concluded that the association between smoking and schizophrenia is worrying and that nursing should include the approach to smoker as part of nursing care, offering psychiatric patients the opportunity to reflect on smoking in their life and on their willingness to receive help to quit the habit.

seguridad del paciente en la Enfermería.Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS, CINAHL, Web of Science y SCOPUS.Resultados: Se seleccionaron 11 artículos publicados a partir de 2007, predominantemente en los Estados Unidos, descriptivos y de intervención, cuya estrategia para enseñanza de seguridad del paciente en la enfermería más utilizada fue la simulación y, en una investigación, el método del aprendizaje basado en el problema.Conclusión: La enseñanza sobre seguridad del paciente en la enfermería ha sido realizada en la mayoría de las veces por medio de simulación, pero es poco difundido en Brasil. Por lo tanto, es fundamental la inclusión de esta temática en las matrices curriculares de Enfermería desde el inicio del curso y el uso de métodos y estrategias robustos de enseñanza. Objective: To identify scientific evidence in the literature on how the teaching of patient safety takes place in Nursing.Methodology: It was an integrative review of the literature conducted in the following databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus.Results: 11 articles published from 2007 were selected, predominantly in the United States, descriptive and of intervention type, in which the most papers used strategy for teaching patient safety in Nursing was simulation and in research, the problem-based learning method.Conclusion: Teaching patient safety in Nursing has been carried out most of the time through simulation, but it remains little-known in Brazil. Therefore, it is essential to include this topic in Nursing curricular programs from the beginning of the course and the use of strong teaching methods and strategies. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura evidências científicas sobre como é realizado o ensino de segurança do paciente na Enfermagem. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS, CINAHL, Web of Science e SCOPUS. Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 artigos publicados a partir de 2007, predominantemente nos Estados Unidos, descritivos e de intervenção, cuja estratégia para o ensino de segurança do paciente na Enfermagem mais utilizada foi a simulação e em uma pesquisa o método da aprendizagem baseada em problema. Conclusão: O ensino sobre segurança do paciente na Enfermagem tem sido realizado na maioria das vezes por meio de simulação, mas é pouco difundido no Brasil. Portanto, é fundamental a inclusão desta temática nas matrizes curriculares de Enfermagem desde o início do curso e uso de métodos e estratégias robustos de ensino.

In this paper we study different issues related to the research about the History of Health in Spain. In particular, we analyse the produced achievement in Spain from two main factors: the cultural influences of European environment and social demands that have led to the university education in Medicine and Nursing. The paper examines the existence of a professional tradition and studies, hitherto little known, but that it is being increasingly taken into account. At the same time, the paper studies the incorporation of modern interpretation model of the Social History of the Disease. In this context the University development of research in the History of Nursing is produced in Spain and some progress of knowledge in several specific items produced in recent years are considered.

En este articulo se determinó la relación entre la Percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular con el Nivel de uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC´s), así como el efecto explicativo del nivel de uso de las TIC´s y antecedentes para enfermedad cardiovascular en la Percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en adultos con obesidad. Este estudio es pertinente dado que la relación entre las variables propuestas, así como la relación de las TIC´s y otras variables sobre la percepción de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca y cerebral aún no es del todo clara. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-analítico realizado en una muestra de 260 adultos con obesidad. Se usaron los cuestionarios Percepción del Riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y Uso de TICS en pacientes atendidos en un centro de salud, se respetaron las normas éticas y se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se encontró relación entre la Percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y el uso de las TIC´s (rs =0,142, p=0,022). El Nivel de uso de TICS y antecedentes personales/familiares para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular fue un 14,3% en la percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Se concluyó que la percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular se relaciona con el Nivel de uso de Tecnologías de la información y comunicación en salud y es explicada en parte por el Nivel de uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación y antecedentes de salud. Objective: This paper determined the relationship between the perception of risk of a cardiovascular disease with the level of use of Information and Communication Technology or ICT, as well as the explanatory effect of these ICTs and the history of cardiovascular disease in the perception of risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with obesity.Methods: This study is relevant since the relationship between the proposed variables, and the relationship of the ICTs and other variables about the risk perception of heart and brain disease is not very clear yet. An analytical-descriptive research was made on a sample of 260 obese adults. Questionnaires of risk perception of a cardiovascular disease and use of ICT in patients who receive care in a health center were used; ethical standards were observed and descriptive statistics and statistical inference were applied.Results: A relationship between risk perception of a cardiovascular disease and the use of ICTs was found (rs=0,142, p=0,022). The level of use of ICTs and personal/family history of disease for the development of a cardiovascular disease explain a 14,3% in the perception of risk of the disease.Conclusions: It was concluded that the perception of risk of cardiovascular disease was related to the level of use of Information and Communication Technologies regarding health, and it is partially explained by the level of use of the ICTs and health history.

Las Ciencias Básicas pueden ser un reto para los estudiantes en los primeros años de la carrera de Enfermería. En la Universidad Walter Sisulu, África del Sur, la conferencia es el método de enseñanza de la Anatomía en el primer semestre, mientras que en el segundo, los alumnos aprenden esta materia de modo activo y en grupos de colaboración. El propósito de este trabajo fue investigar la evaluación que los estudiantes hicieron de variables que impactan en su nuevo ambiente de aprendizaje, así como incursionar en la relación que pueda existir entre ellas para su interpretación. Todos los estudiantes que finalizaron el primer año en los cursos 2014-16 recibieron un cuestionario con 16 ítems, y el 80.7% (n=168) de las encuestas entregadas fue incluido en este trabajo. Se calculó la estadística descriptiva de las 16 variables y el análisis factorial exploratorio con extracción de factores comunes y rotación oblimin. Los participantes evaluaron satisfactoriamente atributos sobre ellos mismos, sobre el resto de los integrantes de su grupo y acerca del diseño del curso. El análisis factorial exploratorio permitió agrupar las variables en dos dimensiones, una relacionada con las habilidades cognitivas del individuo y la regulación de su aprendizaje, y otra segunda dimensión referida a las relaciones e inter-acciones sociales que se despliegan entre los individuos cuando aprenden en colaboración. Learning Basic Sciences can be a challenge for first year nursing students. At Walter Sisulu University (South Africa), learning Anatomy is lecture-based in the first semester, but active and collaborative in the second semester. This paper investigated how students assessed their Anatomy learning environment of the second semester, as well as explored the possibility to group the variables studied. A questionnaire with 16 items was handed to all students at the end of academic years 2014-16, and 80.7% (n=168) of the total, was included in this study. Descriptive statistic of the variables was calculated and exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction was the mean to explore the dimensionality of the scale. Participants satisfactorily assessed items related to attributes of the individual, attributes of the other members of her/his group, as well as the design of the course. Variables could be grouped into two dimensions: the first dimension being related to the cognitive strategies and skills that the individual as an agent displayed maximizing the learning opportunities afforded by the course, and, the other dimension related to the social relations and interactions that unfold among students when they learn in collaboration.

La morbilidad materna es una de las primeras causas de alteración del bienestar de la mujer en el mundo en vías de desarrollo, por lo cual la salud reproductiva de la mujer sigue siendo una prioridad investigativa en la mayoría de estas sociedades. Sin embargo, es notable la hegemonía de la investigación clínica biomédica en esta área que ha dejado ver la ausencia y la necesidad de estudios que den cuenta del fenómeno desde una perspectiva integral. Los estudios de “conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas” (CAP) son una alternativa conceptual para acercase a la complejidad del fenómeno en el área de la salud reproductiva.La propuesta de los estudios tipo CAP plantea un acercamiento integral para entender los comportamientos con respecto a la salud de las personas a través de sus tres elementos; y sus resultados han sido base fundamental de los diagnósticos para la creación, ejecución y evaluación de programas sanitarios. Por lo anterior, este artículo se propone mostrar y discutir algunas evidencias relacionadas con la utilidad de este tipo de trabajos en el área de la salud reproductiva de las mujeres. Maternal morbidity is one of the first causes of women`s welfare alteration in the less-developed countries; therefore, their reproductivehealth has been a research priority in most of these societies. However, the dominance of the clinical/biomedical research on this topic has been notable, and shown the gap and need for studies reporting this phenomenon from an integral perspective. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) studies are an alternative design to approaching this complex situation.The KAP proposal offers a comprehensive approach to understanding the behaviors related to people`s health through its three main components, and its results have been cornerstone for the situation diagnoses, leading to the creation, execution and evaluation of sanitary programs. Hence, the objective of this paper is to show and to discuss some evidences related to the utility of this approach in women`s reproductive health.

El objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en analizar los documentos audiovisuales referentes al ritual que envuelve a la mutilación genital femenina. Material y método: búsqueda y revisión en la red del material videográfico que aporte información de la mutilación genital femenina en su contexto y que sea fuente primaria de información. Resultados: El análisis de los documentos videográficos obtenidos permite identificar un gran número de datos necesarios para estudiar la mutilación genital femenina en su contexto. Para analizar la información recogida se han establecido 10 categorías diferentes. Conclusión: Los documentos visuales constituyen una fuente de investigación fundamental para el análisis de los elementos presentes en el ritual de la mutilación genital femenina; son una herramienta a tener en cuenta en la formación de profesionales de la salud sobre esta práctica, que afecta en gran medida a la salud de mujeres y niñas inmigrantes. El conocimiento obtenido a raíz de esta revisión puede ser utilizado para abordar de forma cultural la mutilación genital femenina. The purpose of this paper is to analize the audiovisual documents relating to the ritual of the female genital mutilation. Material and method: pursuit and review of the video footage that give us information about the female genital mutilation in context, and be a primary source of information Results: The anlysis of the video footage obtained allows us to identify a large amount of data in order to study the female genital mutilation in context. To analyze the collected information 10 categories have been stablished. Conclusion: The visual documents are a essential source of research for the analysis of the female genital mutilation ritual; they are a tool to consider in the training of health professionals in this area, which affects health of women and immigrant children. The knowledge obtained due to this review can be used in order to approach in a cultural way the female genital mutilation.

Desde que se establecieron los niveles de Atención Primaria y Especializada, siguiendo la estructura de la Ley General de Sanidad de 1986, el reto del Sistema Sanitario ha perseguido alcanzar la continuidad asistencial, siendo necesario un instrumento que la garantizase. El Informe de Cuidados surge como una herramienta de las Enfermeras para posibilitar la continuidad de cuidados en ambos niveles. En este sentido, una adecuada realización y entrega del mismo supondrían grandes mejoras en la asistencia a pacientes necesitados de cuidados continuados, lográndose así mayor satisfacción, calidad y seguridad. La pregunta que se nos plantea es si el Informe de Cuidados es una herramienta más del proceso enfermero o un trámite que no se ha implantado con la normalidad esperada por limitaciones de personal y tiempo, por lo que con esta revisión buscamos como objetivo fundamental analizar si el Informe de Cuidados es una realidad o, por el contrario, una mera declaración de intenciones, en cuyo caso examinaremos los posibles aspectos que obstaculizan su implantación, así como las acciones que mejorarían su utilización. Para ello se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el Informe de Cuidados implantado en Madrid, Andalucía y Canarias, contando con elementos positivos y negativos, que nos aporten criterios para valorar la situación del Servicio Murciano de Salud en este ámbito. Achieving continuity of cares has been the main challenge of the Health System, since the establishment of Primary and Secondary Cares Levels, according to the General Health Law (1986). An instrument that ensures it is needed. The Cares Report arises like a nurses' instrument to enable continuity of cares at both levels. Proper execution and delivery of it would improve the cares of patients who need continuing cares, achieving greater satisfaction, quality and safety. Is the Care Report only an instrument like any other of nurse's routine or a process that has not been normally implanted owing to staff and time limitations? The main objective of this paper is to analyze whether the Care Report is a reality or a mere declaration of intent. If so, we'll study the main obstacles to its implantation and possible actions to get a better use of it. Trough a bibliographic review of Care Report implanted in Madrid, Andalusia and Canaries, we have extracted its positive and negative elements, obtaining criteria to evaluate the Murcian Sanity Service (SMS) in this area.

This paper discusses the nature of the act of nursing. From the doctrinal perspective, it is clear that the technical or artistic aspect of the decision is part nurse, as professional activity, nursing involves the management and implementation of a number of specific skills are a must in the professional person. Along with the production side, the nurse act is a reasonable size. Technical decisions are based on moral assumptions that can not be alien to the care, precisely because they care about people

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las tendencias de las publicaciones sobre el trabajo realizado en casa por parteras. Se realizó una revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS y SciELO, en febrero de 2012. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: parteras tradicionales; parto domiciliario; parto normal. Tuveron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: los artículos completos en portugués y español, presentar el contenido que cumpla con los objetivos del estudio y que fueron publicados entre enero de 2002 y enero de 2012. La muestra se compone de 13 artículos sometidos a análisis de contenido temático y clasificación del nivel de evidencia. Se evidenciaron las siguientes categorías: "El reconocimiento social de las parteras", "La elección del parto en casa para las mujeres", "La atención de las parteras con la madre y el niño". Para las mujeres embarazadas, el parto en casa permite varias ventajas como la comodidad, la autonomía, intimidad, y sobre todo la libertad de movimiento. Las parteras realizaron el cuidado en prenatal y posparto con el fin de salvaguardar y prevenir problemas de salud tanto para la madre y el niño. Se observó que el reconocimiento de la comunidad fue, para las parteras, la mayor recompensa por su trabajo. Hay una gran necesidad de más estudios sobre este tema, ya que esta práctica seguirá durante muchos años, porque las parteras desempeñan y siempre desempeñarán un papel importante en las vidas de las mujeres que desean este tipo de entrega. RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a tendência das publicações sobre o parto realizado em casa pelas parteiras. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura executada nas bases de dados LILACS e SciELO no mês de fevereiro de 2012. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: parteira leiga, parto domiciliar e parto normal. Foram incluídos no estudo os artigos científicos nos idiomas português e espanhol, que estivessem disponíveis na íntegra, e que fossem publicados no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2002 e janeiro de 2012. Participaram desta revisão 13 artigos que foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo e foram avaliados quanto aos níveis de evidência. Evidenciaram-se as seguintes categorias: “a escolha do parto domiciliar pelas mulheres”, “os cuidados das parteiras com a parturiente e o bebê” e “o reconhecimento social das parteiras”. Para as parturientes, o parto em casa, permitia diversas vantagens como conforto, autonomia, privacidade e principalmente liberdade de movimento. As parteiras realizavam cuidados pré e pós-parto com o objetivo de resguardar e prevenir problemas de saúde tanto para a mãe quanto para o bebê. Evidenciou-se que o reconhecimento da comunidade era, para as parteiras, a maior recompensa pelo seu trabalho. Considera-se a grande necessidade de mais estudos sobre esse tema, já que essa prática perpetuará por longos anos, pois as parteiras desempenham e sempre desempenharão um grande papel na vida de mulheres que desejam ter esse tipo de parto. ABSTRACT The study was aimed to analyze the trend of publications about the childbirth performed at home by midwives. It is an integrative review performed in the databases LILACS and SciELO in February of 2012. The following key-words were used: midwives practical, home childbirth and natural childbirth. The inclusion criteria were: full papers in Portuguese and Spanish, in which the content meets the goals of the study and were published from January 2002 to January 2012. The sample was composed by 13 articles and submitted to thematic content analysis with evidence level of classification. There were emerged the following categories: "the choice of home childbirth", "the care of midwives with the mother and baby" and "social recognition of midwives." For pregnant women, birth at home, allowed several advantages such as comfort, autonomy, privacy, and especially freedom of movement. It was observed that midwives performed antenatal and postpartum in order to safeguard and prevent health problems for both the mother and the baby. It was evident that the community's recognition was for the midwives, the greatest reward for your work. It is a great need for more studies on this topic, since this practice perpetuated along the years, because the midwives play and always play a big role in the lives of women who want this type of delivery.

Research in different areas of knowledge involves a large number of variables that can be evaluated with mono-variable and multi-variable techniques and parametric or nonparametric tests. The researcher decision depends on the validation of the assumptions inherent in each, the type of variables and sample sizes. We began with a systematic literature review, which included scientific articles that had as an instrument of data collection, a range of assessment/psychometrics in the health of children and youth. After the inclusion criteria were defined, 189 papers were selected and 127 articles were used for the exploratory analysis of research methodologies. The exploratory data analysis allowed us to identify the type of statistical techniques used by investigators when the instruments are composed of ordinal variables and analyze whether they met the assumptions inherent in the use of statistical techniques with this type of variables with small and large samples.

Objetivo del estudio fue conocer la producción científica sobre el parto prematuro. Se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, realizado con 24 trabajos completos que abordan la prematuridad, derivado de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, publicados entre los años 2008 y 2013. El análisis de la literatura se llevó a cabo temáticamente, emergiendo cuatro categorías: factores de riesgo asociados al parto prematuro, nacimiento prematuro: Aspectos positivos y negativos; conducta profesional relacionada con el parto prematuro y el papel de la atención de enfermería en el trabajo de parto prematuro. Este estudio indica que muchos investigadores están preocupados por los factores de riesgo asociados con la prematuridad, lo que contribuye a la identificación temprana y a la reducción de las tasas de esta complicación. Aún así, son pocos los estudios que brindan contribuciones a la enfermería, dejando de contribuir al conocimiento y proceso de trabajo de estos profesionales, también responsables de producir salud en este momento de la vida de mujeres y familias que viven la prematuridad. Estudo com o objetivo de conhecer a produção científica acerca do parto prematuro. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, realizado com 24 artigos científicos completos abordando a prematuridade, oriundos da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, publicados entre os anos de 2008 e 2013. A análise dos artigos foi realizada tematicamente, emergindo quatro categorias: Fatores de risco associados ao parto prematuro; Prematuridade: aspectos negativos e positivos; Conduta profissional relacionada ao trabalho de parto prematuro e O papel da enfermagem na assistência ao trabalho de parto prematuro. Este estudo aponta que muitas pesquisas estão preocupadas com os fatores de risco relacionados à prematuridade, contribuindo para a identificação precoce e redução nos índices desta complicação. Ainda, percebe-se que poucos estudos trazem contribuições para enfermagem, deixando de contribuir para o conhecimento e processo de trabalho desses profissionais, também responsáveis por produzir saúde neste momento da vida de mulheres e famílias que vivenciam a prematuridade. The study aimed to gather the scientific production about preterm birth. This is a bibliographic study, conducted across 24 full papers addressing prematurity, derived from the Virtual Health Library, published between the years 2008 and 2013. The analysis of the literature was carried out thematically, emerging four categories: Risk factors associated with preterm labor; Prematurity: negative and positive aspects; Professional Conduct related to preterm labor and the role of nursing care in preterm labor. This study indicates that many works are concerned about the risk factors associated with prematurity, contributing to early identification and reduction in rates of this complication. Still, few studies benefit nursing regarding to the knowledge and work process of such professionals, responsible for producing health at this moment in the lives of women and families are experiencing prematurity.

La acción tutorial (PAT), en los estudios universitarios de Enfermería, se halla en el centro de la acción docente del profesorado. El tutor/a orienta en el proceso de aprendizaje y en la preparación del Trabajo Final de Grado (TFG). En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la investigación realizada con tutores y estudiantes, que tiene por objetivo evaluar el diseño y desarrollo del TFG, los resultados académicos y su vivencia y experiencia. Diseño mixto cuantitativo descriptivo y cualitativo de investigación acción participación. Muestra total de 124 estudiantes de 4º curso de Grado Enfermería y 37 tutores del TFG. Técnicas de recogida de datos: resultados académicos y evaluativos; 3 grupos focales con estudiantes y profesores; 3 entrevistas semiestructuradas abiertas a estudiantes. Los resultados constatan que las tipologías más elegidas fueron revisiones bibliográficas (38,75%) y Planes de cuidados (24,2%). El 63,9 % de la temática escogida es Enfermería Maternal, Pediátrica y Clínica. Estudiantes y tutores viven con dificultad la elaboración del TFG y se requiere una mayor cultura tutorial. Es un proceso complejo de organización y coordinación que, sin embargo, permite un trabajo colaborativo de todo el equipo docente. ABSTRACT: The Tutorial Action Plan (PAT) in the University School of Nursing, is central to the teaching action of professors. The tutor orients in the learning process and the preparation of the Final Degree Project (TFG). In this paper we present the results of research conducted with tutors and students, which aims to evaluate the design and development of the TGF, academic results and their experience and expertise. A descriptive qualitative and quantitative joint design of research and participation. A total sample of 124 students of 4th year in the nursing degree and 37 TGF tutor. Data collection techniques: Academic and evaluation results; 3 focus groups with students and professors; three semi-structured interviews open to students. Results indicate that the most commonly chosen typologies were literary reviews (38.75%) and care plans (24.2%). 63.9% of the chosen topics include Maternal, Pediatric and Clinical Nursing. Students and tutors struggle to develop the TGF and greater tutorial culture is required. It is a complex process of organization and coordination which, however, allows collaborative work of the entire faculty.

En Chile se ha implementado una reforma sanitaria, entre las modificaciones plantea la creación de Establecimientos Autogestionados en Red (hospitales de alta complejidad con autonomía en la gestión), entre los requisitos que deben cumplir para logar esta calidad es acreditarse como prestadores de salud, lo que exige implementar “Subdirecciones de Gestión del Cuidado”. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo examinar el grado de avance en la implementación de la reforma sanitaria y el rol que a enfermería le compete en ella, se analizan críticamente los desafíos que se presentan a nivel profesional, y se reflexiona respecto a los alcances para la disciplina y la formación de enfermería. Como metodología se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc y Bireme. El resultado del análisis de los documentos generó cuatro áreas temáticas: Reforma Sanitaria en Chile, Implementación de los Establecimientos Autogestionados en Red, Aseguramiento de la Calidad, y Gestión del Cuidado y formación profesional. Entre las conclusiones destaca que la revisión bibliográfica no arrojó evidencias para determinar si la implementación de las Subdirecciones de Gestión del Cuidado han generado algún impacto en la calidad de los cuidados otorgados a los usuarios, lo que podría deberse al tiempo de su implementación, sin embargo se espera que los procesos de acreditación aporten experiencias publicables al respecto. In Chile a sanitary reform has been launched, among other modifications, it shows the option to create Self Managed Network Institutions (high complexity hospitals with autonomous management). To get this Grade, there are some requirements to comply with, between them; they must be accredited as Health Providers, which demands an implementation of “Care Management Subdivisions”. This Paper aims to assess the implementation process status of the sanitary reform and the Nursing role in it. It critically examines the challenges that are presented at a professional level and it ponders over the scope towards the discipline and nursing training as well. As methodology, bibliographical research was carried out on data based on PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc and Bireme. The outcome pointed out four thematic areas: Sanitary Reform in Chile, Implementation of Self Managed Network Institutions, Quality Assurance, Care Management and Professional Training. Among the conclusions, it is highlighted that the bibliographic research could not give any evidence to determine whether the implementation of Self Managed Network Institutions have made any change in the impact on quality care provided to users, which could be caused by implementation time, nevertheless it is expected that accreditation processes will bring up related experiences that can be published.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study and develop a theory about the personal relationships established within nursing homes.Methodology: qualitative and interactive investigation built from the development of a grounded theory. The study took place in 6 nursing homes in the region of the southern districts of Cordoba, in southern Spain. The participants were 16 residents and 4 professionals of these centers. The collection of information was done through in depth interviews.Results: In the context of the nursing homes there are mainly three groups of people who interact with the elderly: partners, roommates (when sharing a bedroom) and caregivers. We have built some roles in each of these groups living together, on which we will base the dimensioning of some of the characteristics of these people. The situation in either of these roles is

Most universities and higher education institutions are involved in a process of improvement to raise their quality standards, contribute to students’ training and consequently raise their prestige and recognition by incorporating Internationalization in their programs. However, there are concerns regarding this issue, related to the political realities of countries and national security, the high cost of overseas studies, the incidence of transnational programs without accreditation, and the tendency of considering education as another product among others. In Nursing Education, Internationalization confers great benefits and overcomes the challenges to achieve means to continue positioning itself as a Discipline, Profession and Science. Therefore the aim of this paper is to reflect on the internationalization of education, and especially on this phenomenon from the perspective of Nursing, bypresenting the general context, problems, current status within the profession, the ways Internationalization can be achieved, and the challenges presented to us, considering that it is a complex issue with multiple stakeholders: countries, universities and higher education institutions, teachers and students.