1. Discharge by aphids of soluble secretions into dietary sources
- Author
-
P. W. Miles and P. Harrewijn
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Oxidase test ,Saliva ,Macrosiphum euphorbiae ,biology ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Aphis ,Invertase ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Ultraviolet light ,biology.protein ,Bovine serum albumin ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Substances secreted by aphids into diets through a rubber-wax membrane can be detected by their absorption of low wavelength ultraviolet light. Their detection can be simplified by presenting water as diet. Of the substances secreted into water by non-crowded aphids within 24 h, ca 35โ55% of the absorbance at 200 nm can be accounted for by reactions with protein reagents and/or electrophoresis. Macrosiphum euphorbiae secreted over 30 ng of salivary protein in bovine serum albumin equivalents per mg fresh body weight. SDS-PAGE revealed that the proteins initially secreted had subunits mostly of > 100,000 Daltons. When dead or dying aphids were present on the membrane, however, e.g. due to crowding or prolonged confinement in the feeding chamber, additional subunits of < 30,000 Daltons also appeared in the water. When feeding continued for more than 24 h, proteins separable by electrophoresis began to disappear, possibly as a result of leakage of lyzing enzymes into the water from aphids that had died with their mouth parts still inserted through the membrane. The initial secretions possessed oxidase activity. Invertase was not detected but the secretion caused non-enzymatic reduction of a copper reagent used for detection of reducing sugars. Marked contrasts were noted between the electrophoretic protein patterns of the saliva of different species of aphids. The saliva of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae contained over twice as much catechol oxidase activity per unit of salivary protein as that of Nasonovia ribisnigri and Aphis fabae. The significance of these findings in relation to use of artificial diets for colony maintenance and feeding experiments and for studies of aphid-plant interactions is discussed.
- Published
- 1991