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Methodological and theoretical foundations obtained from an investigative work are presented, whose purpose was to establish and explain the possible relationships between the implementation of experimental activities in the Science class and the social construction of scientific knowledge, through reflections about the measurement process around the phenomenon flotation within the bodies and its relation with the concept of density. To reach the stated purpose, the flotation phenomenon of the bodies is organized in relation to the concepts of specific weight and density, and the interlocution is formed, through a historical and critical analysis using authors like Galileo and Archimedes. The previous information constitutes an alternative to the traditional way of assuming the magnitude and measurement processes as external to the phenomenon and separate any sensible experience from the subject conducting the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]