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The global climate budget for 1.5°C necessitates distributing future CO2 emissions to individual countries. In Germany, this translates to 3.1 billion tons (January 2022). All sectors must engage to meet this target, particularly the lignite (i.e. low-grade brown coal) sector. This entails leaving significant reserves untapped. Also, economic factors are already driving a decline in coal consumption, aided by Germany's renewable expansion and rising CO2 prices. Forecasts suggest lignite phase-out by 2030, prompting reevaluation of mining plans without devastation of villages. The paper proposes new mining plans for the main lignite regions Rhineland and Lusatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the use of mercury as pesticides in American agriculture that results mercurial residues in a wide variety of foods including wheat, eggs, and potatoes. It mentions the establishment of federal regulations regarding mercury contamination of food due to use of mercury pesticides. It also mentions the working of the U.S. Department of Agriculture regarding licensing the use of pesticides.

The article presents the author's reflections on the work of human ecologist Robert W. Kates on natural disaster, climate change, and transformational change. The author mentions the three characteristics of Kates' work and his more critical view of root causes and his advocacy for intentional transformative change. He also states that Kates believes that climate change complicates everything but avoids root causes of vulnerability to hazards and of resistance to transformation.

The governance of justice in renewable energy transitions includes implementing regulations and making public investments that address potential negative impacts on marginalized communities, while ensuring equitable access to the benefits of renewable energy.[15] State capability and political will are crucial to ensure this pivotal role for the state. Mitigating climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our time, made more difficult by the need for a fair and inclusive transition to renewable energy. Not only can the funding be used to reduce negative impacts on coal mining communities; it can also catalyze employment creation in the renewable energy sector, with potentially positive political implications for incumbents. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on the plan of government of Cameroon to drive the nation into an emerging economy by 2035. Topics discussed include the goals of the Vision 2035 such as reducing poverty, improving access to potable and clean water, and basic health care; strategies for economic development in Cameroon; and various priority projects such as roads, sport centers, and railway lines.

The challenge now is to expand biodiversity conservation efforts (I am concerned, perhaps even embarrassed, that the United States is not a party to the biodiversity convention) and make good on all countries' promises for emissions reductions so we see actual reductions in global emissions. This emissions tracker enables us to monitor emissions not only country by country, but also down to individual smokestacks, so countries will know where to focus their efforts. Just at this time, when we need to be able to carefully track emissions reductions both within and between countries, there is a new Global Emissions Tracker out that uses a combination of satellites, sensors, and machine learning to measure the top polluters worldwide. [Extracted from the article]

The Environmental Law Institute has established the Climate Judiciary Project, aimed at educating judges on the science of climate change.[25] Given what we have heard of not only the ignorance of science but some of the antiscience attitudes of court justices, this is a daunting task, but obviously an important one. 31 R. Read and T. O'Riordan, "The Precautionary Principle Under Fire", I Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development i 59, September-October (2017), 4-15. 32 I. S. Daramus, "Liability and Precaution", I Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development i (2017), 48-56, https://doi.org/full/10.1080/00139157.2017.1350012; A. Boswell, "Strengthening the Precautionary Principle in the Post-Paris Climate Regime", I Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development i August (2017), 26-37, https://doi.org/full/10.1080/00139157.2017.1350007. Seizing on that notion but recognizing that the notion of "normal" science was no longer useful in describing the current context in which environmental science and climate science, for example, were placed, a group of researchers developed the notion of "post-normal science." The paragraphs that follow describe a different mode of science - more about dealing with uncertainty than with the assumed "certainty" of science we have previously presumed - and it is to be hoped that justices around the world can be brought to an understanding of science and its many facets. [Extracted from the article]

The author discusses aspects of aligning scientific publications with U.S. government agency policies and practices as of 2018. He says that government scientists are increasingly being criticized for their use of language and interpretation. He stresses that scientific findings should reinforce government ideology and policy under the guise of integrity and independence.

J. G. Cheng, Y. Sun, and S. M. Monnat, "COVID-19 Death Rates Are Higher in Rural Counties With Larger Shares of Blacks and Hispanics", I Journal of Rural Health i 36, no. 4 (2020): 602-8, doi:10.1111/jrh.12511 34 S. M. Moghadas, T. N. Vilches, K. Zhang, et al., "The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19 Outbreaks in the United States", I medRxiv, January 2, 2021, doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.20240051. i 35 E. J. Anderson, N. G. Rouphael, A. T. Widge, et al., "Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults", I New England Journal of Medicine, September 29 (2020), doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2028436. i 36 D. Ivory, M. Smith, J. Lee, A. Walker, et al., "See How Vaccinations Are Going in Your County and State", I The New York Times, i http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/covid-19-vaccine-doses.html ( I accessed 25 February, 2022). i 37 I CDC i , https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations%5fvacc-people-additional-dose-totalpop - I (accessed 30 June 2022). i 38 D. F. Cudadros, F. D. Miller, S. Awad, P. Coule, and N. J. MacKinnon, "Analysis of Vaccination Rates and New COVID-19 Inflections by US County July-August 2021", I JAMA Network Open 5, i no. 2 (2022): e2147915, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47915. In May 2022, the United States set a major milestone by recording more than 1 million deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic.[1] This number is far greater than the initial estimates of deaths when the pandemic first spread to the United States in early 2020. COVID-19 in the United States Despite efforts by China to contain the virus through population lockdowns, COVID-19 left the source region and embarked on the first of multiple subsequent global waves of the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus producing the present COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the use of information technology (IT) for storage, collection, and correlation of environmental data. Topics include the international industry consortium Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), use of data servers for encoding of environmental data related to topics like fuels, water, and renewable energy, and creation of a standard for environmental auditing.

The article discusses the keynote lecture delivered by Simon Dietz at the 2014 annual conference of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society in Port Macquarie, wherein he discussed the benefits and costs of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions at the global level in reference to the findings of the research, "Review on the Economics of Climate Change," by Nicholas Stern. Topics discussed include the debate among economists and factors that influenced the findings.

Bio-Based/Biomass Feedstocks Using renewable biomass as feedstock for chemical manufacturing in a closed carbon cycle could significantly reduce the industry's carbon emissions. Some multinational chemical companies have made commitments to clean power purchase agreements that move them toward carbon neutrality; however, these efforts alone will be insufficient, as the carbon footprint of organic chemicals is made up of both process emissions and embedded carbon from the industry's petrochemical products, which is released at end-of-life (e.g., incineration or decomposition) (Figure 2). The Molecular Redesign Strategy I The industry should develop innovative new platform and tunable chemistries based on the principles of green chemistry and engineering i . [Extracted from the article]

Nevertheless, in a time marked by uncertainty, mistrust, and escalating climate impacts, COP26 underlined the UN's convening power and affirmed just how essential collective global action is to address the climate crisis. The U.S. Climate Envoy John Kerry (U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate Change, his official title) - the only person alive who has twice signed the Paris Agreement for his country - called the results of COP26 "good." In the same resolution, the General Assembly endorsed the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the child, as it were, of two UN parents, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), that, in 2007, won the Nobel Peace Prize together with Al Gore. [Extracted from the article]

Policy vehicles such as the 2001 Data Quality Act and the Trump Administration "Transparency" rule inappropriately conflate this simplistic model of science with the integrated multi-disciplinary assessments (see Figure 2) that are necessary to inform real-life environmental policy interventions.(Adapted from Helmenstine 2021, note 28.) PHOTO (COLOR): Figure 2. The Scientific Method: It is common to hear admonitions that policy must be informed by science; that policy actions must be "grounded" by an "adequate foundation" of objective science. The Role of Judgment in the Application of Science to Environmental Policy Questions: The EPA Weight of Evidence process provides a good, if somewhat generalized, depiction of how scientific methods and information are deployed in the context of environmental policy. [Extracted from the article]

During this process, the research team considered numerous ongoing national and other health surveys, general and specific-purpose (e.g., cardiovascular disease) longitudinal studies, some disease- or effects-specific health surveillance and predictive efforts (e.g., for lyme disease, cholera, heat distress), and some national health systems. Near the end of its 10-year life span and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the research board recognized the significance of the health information gap related to oil spill impacts in the Gulf of Mexico and the very high probability that similar gaps exist in other regions and with respect to virtually all kinds of environmental and health disasters. As envisioned for the Gulf of Mexico, the health observing system would undertake robust community engagement and awareness efforts before beginning to recruit volunteers, with the intent that the observing system operate on community-based participatory research principles and specifically reach out to underserved and economically deprived communities, including those described as environmental justice communities. The lack of more comprehensive health monitoring has become even more apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic.[45],[46],[47],[48] The result of the team effort was development of a design for a disaster-focused health observing system for the Gulf of Mexico region.[49],[50] While the work was initiated as a result of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, from the beginning the system was intended to encompass other kinds of disasters as well and to be adaptable and scalable for other geographic areas and needs. [Extracted from the article]

Diversifying and securing its energy reliance is critical, and thus, Japan intends to incentivize its production bases overseas, primarily from China back to Japan or other South Asian nations like India or ASEAN countries. Japan is one of the later countries to jump on the carbon neutrality bandwagon, with Prime Minister Suga introducing a slew of projects recently under its Green Growth Strategy to achieve the country's carbon neutrality target by 2050. The powerful Japan Business Federation (Keidanren) proposed in March 2021 that about 30 nuclear power plants be brought back online by 2030.[17] However, it must be highlighted that despite government efforts, as of January 2020, only nine nuclear facilities stood operational.[18] One of the reasons Japan is unable to let go of the vision of a comeback of nuclear energy is the inherent challenges faced by renewable energy in general and by Japan in particular. Japan is already being criticized for not setting its climate goals ambitiously enough, with the Climate Action Tracker rating Japan's Nationally Determined Contributions as "Highly Insufficient"; thus, while Japan might overachieve these targets, it would still be far from "the Paris Agreement-compatible transition pathways.". [Extracted from the article]

The broad transitions recommended by the I Dasgupta Review i depend both on sound regulation and on the mobilization of people who understand the importance of biodiversity and who are also guided by a moral compass. In this context, we have witnessed the increasing promotion of market-based instruments, such as carbon pricing or water markets, to begin to correct price distortions and align individual decisions with the social optima for environmental protection. [Extracted from the article]

Conclusion The conservation approach that meshes human settlements with surrounding ecosystems has the potential to conserve biodiversity without compromising the ability to benefit from ecosystem services. For the past two millennia, family farmers in Tuscany, in central Italy, have cultivated and maintained local crop and livestock varieties in ways that have conserved the biodiversity of the local ecosystem.[34] Through local knowledge, family farmers have maintained the delicate balance between social and ecological needs. Japan is one of the global hotspots of biodiversity with more than 90,000 species inhabiting a small land area of about 38 million hectares.[14] Biogenic and biophilic efforts by people, animals, plants, and microorganisms have created ecological mosaics of biodiversity in satoyama landscapes. Although they are human-made rural landscapes, paddy fields can offer multifunctional ecosystem services by mimicking natural wetlands.[12] For example, they are effective in groundwater recharge, flood control, soil erosion and flood prevention, climate-change mitigation, water purification, cultural and aesthetic scenery, and support of ecosystems and biodiversity.[13] These human-made rural landscapes have surprisingly maintained biodiversity. [Extracted from the article]

His I Getting to Zero i contains nuggets, including this: "The exceptionally eloquent personal statement by General George Lee Butler, former Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Strategic Command and a member of the Canberra Commission, to the State of the World Forum in October 1996, in which he explains how his 30-year career with U.S. nuclear forces - first implementing this country's nuclear weapon policies and later helping shape and defend them - led him finally to the conclusion that those policies must be abandoned and the nuclear weapons themselves abolished."[48] In fact, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, adopted by the United Nations on July 7, 2017, just came into force on January 22, 2021, with the number of signatory states reaching 86.[49],[50] It remains largely symbolic, however, since none of the nuclear weapon states and none of the NATO members with the exception of the Netherlands are signatories to this treaty. The treaty allows nuclear-weapons states, those that had built and tested atomic weapons before January 1967, to continue to retain the nuclear weapon, in return for which they will share information on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy to the non-nuclear-weapon states. B. Derosa and A. Nicolas, "The President and Nuclear Weapons: Authorities, Limits, and Process", I NTI i (2019), http://www.nti.org 45 D. French, "We Have Enough Checks on the President's Power to Order a Nuclear Strike", I National Review i (2017), https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/we-have-enough-checks-presidents-power-order-nuclear-strike 46 E. Eaves, "Why Is America Getting a New $100 Billion Nuclear Weapon?". [Extracted from the article]

29 S. Woodley, N. Bhola, C. Maney, and H. Locke, "Area-Based Conservation Beyond 2020: A Global Survey of Conservation Scientists", I Parks i 25 (2019): 19-30. 30 N. Dudley, H. Jonas, F. Nelson, J. Parrish, A. Pyhälä, S. Stolton, and J. Watson, "The Essential Role of Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures in Achieving Big Bold Conservation Targets", Global Ecology and Conservation 15 (2018): e00424. A recent survey of 335 conservation scientists from 81 countries showed "very strong support for large-scale percentage area conservation targets, in the order of 50 per cent of the Earth" but "weaker levels of support" for "maintaining local livelihoods."[29] Evidently, conservationists, international agencies, and global conservation groups have failed to mainstream community-based wildlife conservation or to reform mainstream wildlife and biodiversity conservation to make it significantly more inclusive and accountable. Despite frequent valorization of community-based and rights-based approaches to conservation, there has been a resurgence of fortress conservation, including bold assertions for the need for militarized conservation.[97] Instead of being a force for seeking transformative reforms and change, the world's most powerful and wealthiest actors and agencies have shaped a global conservation industry that helps them control and profit from nature. When investigative reports reveal abuses in conservation programs, international conservation NGOs often blame individual "rotten apples" among "government rangers", thereby shifting responsibility to the state institutions they rely on so heavily for carrying out (militarized) conservation. [Extracted from the article]

In addition, the GI story in Tucson suggests that GI requires participation from the water utility and virtually all sectors of local government, from transportation to flood control and urban planning, as well as the active participation of community members and NGOs. GI made its way into city plans and reports as well, such as the Tucson Department of Transportation and Mobility's I Active Practice Guidelines i requiring the inclusion of GI in all new and reconstructed publicly funded road and drainage projects.[25] More broadly, I Plan Tucson i , the city's general and sustainability plan adopted by voters in 2013, promotes the use of GI features throughout the city. We highlight three major strategies that reflect this trajectory: (1) the adoption of the One Water approach at Tucson Water, (2) improved city-county collaboration around GI planning, and (3) the GI Fund to finance GI implementation and maintenance in Tucson. 36 C. Rupprecht, Water Conservation Specialist, Tucson Water, Interview, December 12, 2017, Tucson, AZ. 37 N. Freitas, "Tucson at Forefront of Rainwater Harvesting Programs, Incentives", University of Arizona, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science (2013), https://swes.cals.arizona.edu/environmental writing/stories/fall%202013/frietas%20.html. 38 S. Hess, "Tucson Water Asks for Public Input For 80-Year Plan I ", Patch Tucson i (2020), https://patch.com/arizona/tucson/tucson-water-asks-public-input-80-year-plan. [Extracted from the article]

In Chile, the pleasant and long-awaited summer and vacation season is accompanied by large-scale forest wildfires. These industries and their plantations are concentrated in the central and south central regions of Chile, where most wildland-urban interface is located (Figure 2), and only act when their pine and eucalyptus plantations (not native Chilean species and highly flammable) are at risk. Although the Australian case is different from the Chilean case, in which there is still no clarity on the role of fire in ecosystems, this type of land management may be useful in the new socioenvironmental scenario, characterized by megafires and the wildland-urban interface pattern (see sections on fire regimes and fire risk). [Extracted from the article]

40 New York City Department of City Planning, "Employment in New York City's Manufacturing Districts" (The City of New York, 2015), 11. 41 G. Johnson, M. Checker, S. Larson, and H. Kodali, "A Small Area Index of Gentrification, Applied to New York City" (under review, n.d.). In addition, Harlem housed five of Manhattan's eight diesel bus depots and a large NY/NJ Port Authority bus station, which meant that buses constantly traversed the neighborhood.[24] Making matters worse, the shift away from manufacturing and the 1970s recession took a severe toll on neighborhood residents. In 2018, 17% of North Shore residents lived below the poverty line, compared to the New York City rate of 13.6%.[36] North Shore residents believed that such demographics made them all but invisible to elected officials. Graph I Brownstone houses in Harlem, New York. i Based on data collected between 2009 and 2018, this essay draws primarily on ethnographic research conducted in the Harlem neighborhood of northern Manhattan and in an area known as the North Shore of Staten Island.[11] Ethnographic methods included participant observation at public meetings concerning environmental issues, at private meetings of local environmental justice organizations, and in selected neighborhood events. [Extracted from the article]

The crisis wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every corner of the planet, from the smallest nation-state to the largest economies. The responses to the economic convulsions led to profound changes.[1] If the coronavirus (SARS-2) and its related disease (COVID-19) have shown us to be universally vulnerable (though unevenly and unequally) and elicited similar public health responses around the world, there are far-reaching differences in the way both the virus and the disease have been treated, despite common epidemiological knowledge, the coordinating role of WHO, and the similar state capabilities that have been mobilized in all of them. However, Brazil is a large country and neither the governors of the 26 Brazilian states and of the federal district (where the capital of Brazil, Brasilia is located), nor the majority of the mayors of the country's cities followed him down this path. 5 Gilberto Hochman, I The Sanitation of Brazil: Nation, State, and Public Health, 1889-1930 i (Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, [1998] 2016); Antonio Carlos Martins de Camargo, "As contradições da política de saúde no Brasil. [Extracted from the article]

PHOTO (COLOR) Global carbon emissions continue to rise,[1] rates of global biodiversity loss continue to increase,[2] and social and economic inequalities continue to widen.[3] Signi-ficant global social movements such as Fridays for Future are declaring this situation an "emergency", regarding it as a crime against humanity in which political and business leaders stand accused of ignoring the plight of current and future vulnerable people. These failures to recognize knowledge diversity become institutionalized in education systems, government, and even environmental organizations, ignoring deep cultural values and constraining policy learning.[72] In this light, some environmental justice researchers are now aligning with social movements such as Black Lives Matter in demanding the decolonization of knowledge. Using Tourism Revenue Sharing to Promote Conservation and Poverty Reduction in Uganda", I Conservation and Society i 10 (2012): 15-28. 49 J. Schleicher, C. A. Peres, T. Amano, W. Llactayo, and N. J. Leader-Williams, "Conservation Performance of Different Conservation Governance Regimes in the Peruvian Amazon", I Scientific Reports i 7 (2017): 11318. 72 H. Schroeder, M. Di Gregorio, M. Brockhaus, and T. T. Pham, "Policy Learning in REDD + Donor Countries: Norway, Germany and the UK" I Global Environmental Change 63 i (2020). 102106 73 J. Mbaria and M. Ogada, I The Big Conservation Lie: The Untold Story of Wildlife Conservation in Kenya i (Seattle, WA: Lens and Pens, 2016). [Extracted from the article]

PHOTO (COLOR) It has become a truism that COVID-19 has impacted all countries and all people around the world, but in different ways. In aggregate, sub-Saharan countries have spent about 3% of their relatively small GDP on stimulus funding - compared to 22% among G20 countries.[42] The Nigerian government, for example, concentrated on a 50% tax rebate for companies that avoided retrenchments. In many countries, the disbursement of government relief funding has also been dogged by allegations of corruption.[50] To some extent, nonstate actors have sought to fill the gaps left by a constrained government response to the social crisis. Even though African governments are crucially constrained in their efforts and though there are examples of egregiously misguided and autocratic government responses, many African governments have sought to adopt a transparent, evidence-based, and collaborative approach to the pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

Universities and colleges have always been ass-o-ciated with graduate occ-upational mobility. The role of artificial int-elligence will progressively transform the ways in which universities approach learning generally and sustainability in particular. There will be great scope for relearning and for emancipated learning styles. The purposes of higher education will extend to occupational variety and adaptability, because the future of success-ful work will require open-mindedness and creative emotional int-elligence. Indeed, universities may well help to shape the sustainable occupational worlds we are seeking to create. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we explore the role of universities in the context of the Anthropocene and of emerging transitions to sus-tainability and how they can contribute to transformative, sustainable change through knowledge and learning. [Extracted from the article]

We live in times of great global risks and problems that pose multiple wic-ked, inter-depen-dent challenges, such as climate change, environmental degradation, social ine-qualities, geopolitical tensions, and economic uncertainty. Primary responses to these issues have mostly focused on the scientific accumulation of knowledge that is applied to designing technological innovations or reshaping the economy. Yet there are considerable limits to this approach: It neglects a significant dimension of human experience, namely, that of our inner worlds comprising worldviews, values, belief, spirituality, and consciousness. This article argues for blending disciplinary specialisms with holistic perspectives that enable us to appreciate the big picture, while understanding our individual and col-lective roles in society and on this planet. In so doing it canvasses the implications for profound reform of higher education institutions and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The higher education sector is working to prepare its graduates for the difficult transitions to sustainability that are now upon us. The purpose of this theme issue is to examine what might be the future roles of universities and higher education generally in promoting both the flexibilities of cross disciplinarity and the excitement of cooperative action with governments, businesses, and society in creating meaningful and progressive transitions to sustainability. On Leadership Leadership in higher education has traditionally been measured in terms such as international rankings, Nobel laureates on the faculty, outplacement of students, achievements of alumni, tuition levels, faculty salaries, published articles, patents and other research achievements, and endowments. [Extracted from the article]

I "If solutions within this system are so impossible to find, then maybe we should change the system itself." i This is the message of Greta Thunberg and the youth activists around the world demanding climate action. The challenge is that no international organization is currently mandated to coordinate the development, maintenance, and use of technical standards covering data value chains and policy-oriented standards focusing on data governance. As no data standards registry is maintained, stakeholders and experts alike are struggling to determine what data standards have been published, who is working on new documents, and whether there are gaps that need to be addressed. Global standards are needed to create data value chains linking data collection and grading to data analytics and solutions through appropriate data access platforms. [Extracted from the article]

The word ecology derives from the Greek word "oikos" meaning house. Each family and city were points in the Earth's larger cycles of water flow and vaporization, of soil dissolution and deposit, and of plant scavenging, cleansing, and purification.1 [1] Seventy years after Ellen Swallow founded the science of ecology, another woman environmentalist, Rachel Carson, made the question of the life of the Earth a public issue. 3 [3] Women and Nature Although the environmental and women's liberation movements emerged simultaneously in the 1960s and many women participated in both, the systematic interconnections between the two were developed by the feminists of the 1970s. Just as feminists must contend with anti-abortionists such as Phyllis Schlafley who want women to revert to the old values of home and hearth, many women environmentalists find themselves in marked disagreement with pro-nuclear advocates such as Dixie Lee Ray, former head of the Atomic Energy Commission, and "anti-environmentalists" such as Anne Gorsuch, President Reagan's choice Dr. Helen Caldicott, a pediatrician at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston, is the author of I Nuclear Madness i and the founder of the Women's Party for Survival. [Extracted from the article]

Data from the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom revealed that 280 of its bench scientists generated about 267 tons of plastic waste in 2014.[14] It is estimated that about 20,500 institutions worldwide are involved in biological, medical, or agricultural research, resulting in around 5.5 million tons of lab plastic waste in 2014. While the university diverts approximately 48% of waste from landfills, a recent audit of The New School's waste stream revealed that more than two-thirds of waste could be diverted simply with better sorting at the waste bin. Efforts to recycle and to ensure proper separation and handling of waste are being recognized not only to protect human and environmental health, but surprisingly also as a cost-saving measure in clinical settings, with Federal agencies playing a leadership role.[25] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) developed the Green Labs Program (GLP), to promote the awareness and participation of their laboratory personnel in sustainable laboratory practices. It maintains a fantastic database of green-lab supplies and equipment and offers tips and tricks on how to green your lab.[32] Commonly used vendors such Sigma, Qiagen, and New England Biolabs are increasingly offering take-back programs, and in addition companies specializing in the recycling of lab waste have emerged. [Extracted from the article]

Abrahams notes that there is often a perception that pursuing sustainable development will slow down disaster response and recovery, and that organizations lack appropriate personnel and sustainability-oriented postdisaster funding and are thus reluctant to adopt new practices.[6] There is also often a lack of awareness of the existing activities of people and groups that could be leveraged for sustainability goals, and a lack of documented knowledge on what works in order to inform efforts. When they came back to Aceh poised to contribute to the sustainable recovery of Aceh, they faced various obstacles in pursuing these goals on their return, including broader social disinterest in sustainability and issues of seniority and gender in the organizations they served. The organization Build Change created the Better Building Materials program, which supports local brickmakers in streamlining their business practices and improving brick quality, the brickmakers' business skills and livelihoods, and reducing environmental impacts. While such "handovers" enable projects to generate long-term impacts, they were a rare exception in Aceh.[51] One agent's organization equipped three buses to provide vocational training on energy, engineering, and construction in remote areas to support community-based disaster recovery. [Extracted from the article]

If these lessons are applied, the wheel does not have to be reinvented.[20] Several other financial assistance programs exist that can be used to help fund mitigation projects for substantially damaged structures, including SBA disaster assistance loans, various FEMA disaster assistance programs, Housing and Urban Development grant and loan programs, and state housing and development finance authorities. To facilitate the search for appropriate alternatives, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued guidance on 23 August for the establishment of an unprecedented review procedure to assess strategies for levee reconstruction.[21] The agencies involved in this review include FEMA, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Soil Conservation Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Environmental Protection Agency as well as state and local government agencies and other interested organizations. The Association of State Floodplain managers and the Association of State Wetland Managers have also furthered the debate by sponsoring two major conferences among interested citizens and government officials in August and September in St. Louis, Missouri.[23] On 30 and 31 August, representatives of the nine states affected by the flood, federal agencies, environmental organizations, the White House, and Congress gathered to share information on post-flood recovery activities as well as to identify opportunities to help communities and states recover in a way that would prevent a future similar event from causing such extensive damage. 32 Federal Emergency Management Agency, I Post-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance for State and Local Governments i , DAP-12 (Washington, D.C.: FEMA, September 1990), 24. [Extracted from the article]

Quite fittingly, the American Association of Geographers (AAG) session, including Gilbert's panel of friends, was held in Washington, D.C., the city where Gilbert started his professional career in 1934 on flood hazards in the Mississippi Valley. The obituary that Charles Colby and Gilbert wrote for Barrows makes explicit the pragmatic, intellectual, and discursive lessons Gilbert took from Barrow's environmental policy studies.[35] As the editors of I Environment i noted in a tribute to Gilbert when he stepped down as executive editor, "Above all, Gilbert's view of the environment has been unapologetically humanistic."[58] See Ian Burton and Robert W. Kates, "Gilbert F. White, 1911-2006", I Annals of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) i 98, no. 2 (2008): 479-486 (http://www.aag.org/cs/membership/tributes%5fmemorials/sz/white%5fgilbert%5ff); Robert W. Kates, "Gilbert F. White: 1911-2006, A Biographical Memoir" (Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 2011), http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/white-gilbert.pdf. 31 James K. Mitchell, "Perspectives on Alternatives: Differentiation and Integration in Pursuit of a Better Fit Between Society and Nature", Mini-Forum on the Contributions of Gilbert F. White", I Progress in Human Geography i 32, no. 3 (2008): 451-45; James L. Wescoat, "Gilbert Fowler White (1911-2006), Wisdom in Environmental Geography", I Geographical Review i 96, no. 4 (2006): 700-710. [Extracted from the article]

Local and federal flood damage reduction projects were constructed to minimize the annual risk, and, during the 1993 flood, prevented nearly $20 billion in damages. Major flooding in the upper Mississippi and Missouri basins in 2008 once again moved Congress to examine the flood situation. In his dissertation, he noted that "Floods are "acts of God", but flood losses are largely acts of man."[20] Human failure to address these flood issues continues to increase our damages. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on process of remunicipalization of municipal water supplies that reflects the challenges associated with privatization. It mentions information on tracing how the U.S. cities privatized water supplies beginning in the 1990s in response to national regulation and declining city budgets; and highlights examples of cities that have had what they considered negative experiences with the privatization of water services, prompting them to engage in remunicipalization.

The author reflects on the essay of Ben Wisner about the work of Robert W. Kates on flooding, natural hazards, and disaster. The author mentions that Wisner, in his commentary, argues that Kates avoids root causes of vulnerability to hazards and of resistance to transformation and the critical political ecologist (CPA)-inflicted studies must be engaged. He also shares his views on the complementarity of the two roads in the yellow wood towards global instability and transformational change.

A reprint of the article "Environmental Surprise, Expecting the Unexpected," by Robert W, Kates and William C. Clark, which appeared in the March 1996 issue is presented. It explores the environmental surprises such as the Legionnaire's disease, the Bhopal disaster, and the depletion of stratospheric ozone layer. It also explains the systematic ways of thinking about and classifying environmental surprises to improve the ability of society to anticipate and respond to environmental surprises.

The article discusses the issue of deforestation in Mato Grosso, Brazil and Santa Cruz lowlands in Bolivia. Topics discused include land-use change patterns and agricultural expansion in Mato Grosso, the forest conversion patterns and drastic changes on land use in Bolivian lowlands driven by national and crossborder interests, and the transborder integration efforts to address deforestation.

The article reports that freedom to breed cow will bring ruin to all. At the moment, to avoid hard decisions many are tempted to propagandize for conscience and responsible parenthood. The temptation need to be resisted as an appeal to independently acting consciences selects for the disappearance of all conscience in the long run, and an increase in anxiety in the short.

The article reports that there are limits to abiotic resources in human time scales, there are limits to land and fresh water, and there are limits to the sinks or carrying capacity. These limits can be referred to as ecospace environmental utilization space. The language of limits does not imply a translation into scarcity and an existential debate that justifies the securitization of nature’s contribution.

A reprint of the article "Mission to Planet Earth: Integrating Studies of Global Change," by Thomas F. Malone which appeared in the October 1986 issue of the journal "Environment," is presented. Topics mentioned include the importance of science in Earth studies, global environmental change of the planet, and the importance of environmental protection. Also mentioned are the study of biosphere and geosphere parts of the planet and the importance of technological innovations to environment.

The article offers information on topics related to Global Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. Topics mentioned include the importance of sustainable development goals to environmental conservation, the 2015 Paris Agreement of Climate Convention, and the risk reduction of climate change. Also mentioned was the importance of international cooperation in environmental protection.