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Municipal solid waste is a central concern for environmental policy, and the sociomateriality of waste--the ways in which waste is socially defi ned and dealt with--is an important issue for sustainability. We show how applying the European Union's waste policy through the European Waste Hierarchy (EWH) aff ects the sociomateriality of waste. The EWH ranks the desirability of diff erent waste-management approaches according to their environmental impact. We investigate how the EWH has been acknowledged and interpreted in fi ve diff erent organizational contexts with relevance for Swedish waste management: EU environmental policy, the Swedish EPA, two municipal wastemanagement companies, and the trade organization Swedish Waste Management which represents the interests of municipal bodies involved with waste. In addition to preventing the production of waste, the EWH aims to disassemble, circulate, and reintroduce as much material as possible into production processes. We show how these aims shape paradoxical relationships between economy and society on the one hand, and environment and nature on the other, and open the way for a discussion of a politics of consumption through material management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]