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The authors explore the possibility of an essentialist link between environmental problems and state socialism, and the extent to which either an environmentalist movement or civil action can achieve a perceptible improvement in environmental quality. The authors frame their discussion from the discourse developed after the collapse of European socialism during 1989 and 1991.

The author examines how internal, nation-specific variations in the development of post-socialist economies influence the level of importance assigned to environmental issues. Acknowledgement of these variations help theorists avoid a dichotomy that artificially divides environmental policy-making into two groups, that of all post-socialist nations and that of all Western nations.