1. Urinary and breast milk biomarkers to assess exposure to naphthalene in pregnant women: an investigation of personal and indoor air sources
- Author
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Tim Ramsay, Mark Feeley, Cheryl Khoury, Jean-François Bienvenu, Tye E. Arbuckle, Mandy Fisher, Liu Sun, Eric Gaudreau, Marie-Eve Héroux, Mark Walker, Amanda J. Wheeler, Nina A. Dobbin, Patrick Bélanger, Pierre Ayotte, Russ Hauser, Éric Daigle, and Alain LeBlanc
- Subjects
Adult ,Urinary system ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Urine ,Naphthols ,Breast milk ,Naphthalenes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Indoor air quality ,Pregnancy ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Naphthalene ,Ontario ,Air Pollutants ,Milk, Human ,Urine specific gravity ,business.industry ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Personal exposure ,chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Housing ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,business ,Biomarkers ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Background Naphthalene exposures for most non-occupationally exposed individuals occur primarily indoors at home. Residential indoor sources include pest control products (specifically moth balls), incomplete combustion such as cigarette smoke, woodstoves and cooking, some consumer and building products, and emissions from gasoline sources found in attached garages. The study aim was to assess naphthalene exposure in pregnant women from Canada, using air measurements and biomarkers of exposure. Methods Pregnant women residing in Ottawa, Ontario completed personal and indoor air sampling, and questionnaires. During pregnancy, pooled urine voids were collected over two 24-hour periods on a weekday and a weekend day. At 2–3 months post-birth, they provided a spot urine sample and a breast milk sample following the 24-hour air monitoring. Urines were analyzed for 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol and breast milk for naphthalene. Simple linear regression models examined associations between known naphthalene sources, air and biomarker samples. Results Study recruitment rate was 11.2% resulting in 80 eligible women being included. Weekday and weekend samples were highly correlated for both personal (r = 0.83, p
- Published
- 2014