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Peroxisomal proliferation is highly stimulated during the biosynthesis of mycotoxins and plant infection by Fusarium graminearum. Currently, the functions of the peroxisome in these cellular processes are poorly understood. In this study, we applied genetic, cell biological and biochemical analyses to investigate the functions of the peroxisomes. We constructed targeted deletion of docking machinery components, including FgPex13, FgPex14 and the filamentous fungal specific peroxin FgPex33. Our results indicated that peroxisome dysfunction resulted in a shortage of acetyl-CoA, the precursor of trichothecene biosynthesis, and subsequently decreased deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Deletion mutants of ΔFgPex13, ΔFgPex14 or ΔFgPex33 showed an increased accumulation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced phosphorylation of MAP (Mitogen-Activated Protein) kinase FgMgv1. In addition, mutants of the docking peroxin exhibited increased sensitivity toward host oxidative bursts and cell wall integrity stress agents and reduced virulence on host plants. More importantly, we found for the first time that FgPex14 is required for pexophagy in F. graminearum. Overall, our study suggests that peroxisomes play critical roles in DON biosynthesis and virulence in F. graminearum.

Peroxisomal proliferation is highly stimulated during the biosynthesis of mycotoxins and plant infection by Fusarium graminearum. Currently, the functions of the peroxisome in these cellular processes are poorly understood. In this study, we applied genetic, cell biological and biochemical analyses to investigate the functions of the peroxisomes. We constructed targeted deletion of docking machinery components, including FgPex13, FgPex14 and the filamentous fungal specific peroxin FgPex33. Our results indicated that peroxisome dysfunction resulted in a shortage of acetyl-CoA, the precursor of trichothecene biosynthesis, and subsequently decreased deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Deletion mutants of ΔFgPex13, ΔFgPex14 or ΔFgPex33 showed an increased accumulation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced phosphorylation of MAP (Mitogen-Activated Protein) kinase FgMgv1. In addition, mutants of the docking peroxin exhibited increased sensitivity toward host oxidative bursts and cell wall integrity stress agents and reduced virulence on host plants. More importantly, we found for the first time that FgPex14 is required for pexophagy in F. graminearum. Overall, our study suggests that peroxisomes play critical roles in DON biosynthesis and virulence in F. graminearum.