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The floriculture sector is booming in Ethiopia, making the country the second largest flower exporter in Africa and one of the largest suppliers of flowers globally. Despite the enormous advantages of the Ethiopian floriculture industry to the country's economy, the industry's unsustainability related to environmental and human rights is growing. Failure to protect the environment can have profound negative impacts on long-term economic development and human rights, including the right to life, adequate food, water and housing. The floriculture industry has been identified as having the potential to grow and contribute positively to the agricultural transformation and economy of Ethiopia. Policy, laws and regulations play a vital role in the implementation of any regulatory objective. During the last decade, Ethiopia has developed many policies and laws that link to improving the environment, and the flower farm industry itself has adopted self-regulation and standards, enhancing the protection of workers and the environment. But there is increasing evidence that the economic benefits of the flower industry come at the expense of the environment. So, what is the impact of these State and non-State regulations on a safe and clean environment? This paper aims to analyse how, why and under what circumstances environmental policy implementation might work or fail, by investigating the challenges for the floriculture industry relating to the intensive use of pesticides and water, and inappropriate waste disposal in the policy implementation process. It is safe to say that Ethiopia has developed a lot of legislation on the environment but the challenge of effective monitoring and enforcement remains. This paper concludes with recommendations, based on the fact that the principles of environmental rights, the right to life and the right to development cannot be realised in the absence of the right to a healthy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines how environmental law policies in Indonesia has been affected by the implementation of regional autonomy. Topics covered include necessity of the integration of "eco-cratic" principles and regional autonomy for the realisation of ecological sustainability and community welfare in the age of regional autonomy, importance of the reinforcement of regional authority in the field of the environment, and problems with political will behind environmental law in Indonesia.

A paper which examines the complementarity of international economic and environmental laws, and their implementation in achieving sustainable development, is presented. Topics covered include need for cooperation between economic and environmental law among states, challenges posed by the sustainable development principle to the implementation of environmental law, and factors compromising implementation of environmental treaties.

The article discusses environmental protection of mountain regions in former Soviet Union countries. Topics explored include the partial application of natural resources management initiatives to the mountain areas of Russia, the adoption of regional environmental policies focused on mountain-area protection, and the identification of threats such as deforestation, overgrazing, and illegal hunting activities.

The article discusses research which investigated how the environmental performance index (EPI) of countries and other related indicators influence their environmental democracy index (EDI). Topics explored include the EDI coverage such as citizen participation in environmental decision making and implementation of environmental policies by the government, the review of published studies concerning environmental performance, and government intervention in environmental protection.

The article focuses on the inland water pollution control in Bangladesh. Topics discussed include competency preventing of regime to prevent inland water pollution with reference to major legal and policy responses from the government; the National Environmental Policy (NEP) 1992 for water quality and pollution control; and emphasis on water resource management and reduce environmental degradation.

The article discusses the role environmental courts on the protection and preservation of the environment, and sustainable development. Topics discussed include types of evidence in environmental litigation such as testimonial evidence, guiding principles in the Nigeria's National Policy on Environment, and guidelines for environmental sentencing.

USA - Species Conservation Incentives "C. Josh Donlan, Todd Gartner, Timothy Male and Ya-Wei Li" 162India - The Judiciary's Role in Environmental Governance "The Case of Delhi" (Magali Dreyfus) 167 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UN / GA-65 - Environmental Law and Policy on the Agenda (Elisa Morgera) 196 LOS - Law of the Sea Meetings (Ann Powers) 200 UNEP / IEG / 1st Meeting - International Environmental Governance Reform "A Briefing for the UN Missions" (Angela Cropper) 202 FAO - Council and Committee on Agriculture "Recent Activities" (Elsa Tsioumani) 205 - Wildlife Legislation for Empowerment of the Poor (Elisa Morgera and Elsa Tsioumani) 206 IPBES - New Science-Policy Platform? 208 CBD / ABS-9 - Seeking Agreement on Access and Benefit Sharing (Elsa Tsioumani) 209 UNFCCC - Progress on Climate Commitments and Cooperation? 212 - The Disappearance of "1.5 Degrees Celsius" 215 CMS - Inquiry into Future Directions for the Convention 216 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany - The East's Contribution to International Conservation Part 1 (Sandra Chaney and Rita Gudermann) 116 Italy - New GMO Authorisation Stirs Controversy (Deirdre Exell Pirro) 124 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UN / GA 64th Session - Environmental Policy and Legal Developments (Elisa Morgera) 2 UNFCCC / CP.15 - The Outcome from Copenhagen: 1. A Building Block or a Faltering Step? (George de Berdt Romilly and Lorne S. Clark) 11 UNFCCC / CP.15 - The Outcome from Copenhagen: 2. At the Limits of Global Diplomacy? (Joanna Depledge) 17 UNFCCC / CP.15 - The Outcome from Copenhagen: 3. Success or Failure? (Richard L. Ottinger) 22 UNFCCC / CP.15 - The Outcome from Copenhagen: 4. The Birth of a New Era? (Jim MacNeill) 24 CBD / ABS-8 - Moving Towards a Protocol? (Elsa Tsioumani) 26 FAO / 36th Conference - Illegal Unreported and Unregulated Fishing -- A New Treaty 30 UNEP - First Work on Mercury Instrument 31 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several issues that led to the development of international environmental policy. It includes the awarding of Francoise Burhenne-Guilmin and David Freestone as the 2007 laureates of the Elizabeth Haub Prize for Environmental Law. Another is the papers written by the two awardees including the identification of what was considered the hotspots in biodiversity law such as the implementation deficit of the environmental programs, and another on the modern principles of high seas governance such as the protection and preservation of the marine environment.

The article presents several papers regarding the United Nations' efforts to environmental policy and its developments. It includes the universal realization of the human rights to food and to water and the need to have equitable access to the natural resources of land, water and seeds as well as to credit. Another is an overview and summaries of resolution adopted during the 63rd session of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, particularly those of environment or legal import. Also, is the examination of the report of the UN Secretary-General on the development of the implementation of Agenda 21.

The article presents developments of the environmental policy in Tehran and in European. It includes the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea which tackles several issues including the adoption of the Strategic Convention Action Programme and the development of priority Protocols to the Tehran Convention which includes the area of conservation and rational use of the aquatic resources. Another is the agreed climate package by the European Union (EU) which aims to lower carbon emission that contributes to climate change. Also, is the developments of environmental protection in the EU.

The article provides information regarding various international environmental issues and its corresponding laws and policy from different conventional affairs. In Germany, it states that the 27 different laws responsible on the access to information and regulating environmental information caused more confusion rather than transparency when it was carried out. It features the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Haze Agreement which tackles on implications of having forest fire. Indonesian government establishes conservation acts that will further reserve its ecological environment.

The article provides information on the programme areas of the Montevideo Programme along with its objectives, strategies and actions. It cites several programme areas which include the effectiveness of environmental law; the conservation, management, and sustainable use of natural resources; and the challenges for environmental law. The programme will discuss the effective ways on how to implement and enforce the environmental law and enhance the conservation protection, integrated management and sustainable use of freshwater resources. Meanwhile, several challenges that may hinder the pursuance of environmental laws include climate change, poverty, and environmental emergencies and natural disasters.

The article discusses several international developments regarding environmental policy and law. It discusses how human rights developments relate to the development policy in Germany. It also presents the proposal for Global Environmental Goals, along with a description of the challenges of the international environmental regime and the efforts to improve environmental governance. The article also focuses on the International Tropical Timber Organization, an intergovernmental organization focused on the sustainable management, use and trade of tropical forest resources. Also, it offers a review of the book "Weaving a Web of Environmental Law," by Barbara J. Lausche.

The article focuses on the issues surrounding the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians, or Carpathian Convention. The Carpathian Convention is said to be aimed at safeguarding the values of the outstanding natural and cultural heritage of Carpathian Mountains. It is said that while the signing of the Biodiversity Protocol by five out of seven Carpathian Countries was the main achievement of the Convention, it is still observed to have some setbacks. One setback is the confusion regarding the scope of the Convention's application. Another is the unresolved issue of which city will claim the seat of the secretariat. Lastly, there is also an issue regarding the role of the European Union in the Carpathian Convention.

This article discusses the development and applications of environmental laws during and after military conflicts. According to the author, environmental law conventions developed in response to the use of herbicides for the defoliation of Vietnam and as a reaction to oil spills in the Gulf Wars. He reviews United Nations efforts to clarify environmental laws during armed conflicts and discusses applications to RAMSAR protected wetlands and other protected areas. He suggests ways in which these existing environmental laws could be strengthened and new laws to protect certain species, dual use facilities, and demilitarized zones during war.

This article discusses the legal regime present in the Arctic regions to address socio-economic and environmental concerns. According to the author, The Arctic Council which includes representatives of indigenous organization developed from the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy as a regional forum to address sustainable development issues. It is a voluntary body consisting of the eight Arctic States with limited power to make non-binding decisions. The author reviews the threats and challenges facing the Arctic and discusses the consequences of stakeholder positions. He suggests options for possible improvements in the legal regime.

The article focuses on the growing number of courts and tribunals that play a significant role in the progressive development of international environmental law. International courts and tribunals have acted to clarify the meaning and effect of treaty norms, to identify the existence of customary norms of general application, and to establish a central role for environmental concerns in the international legal order. However, there remain areas of international law in which environmental norms are yet to be recognized. For example, the arbitration of disputes relating to foreign investment protection and the environment. This arises due to the convergence of the rapid growth in direct foreign investment and new norms of environmental law adopted at the national and international levels.

The article discusses various issues related to environmental law and policy. Environmental lawyers have been reported to have sided with the administration and economic forces to accept global and regional environmental standards that do not advance environmental protection. Another key issue is the international responsibility and liability for the damages caused by environmental interferences, specifically various aspects of international agreements concerning civil liability. Moreover, one of the more complex issues in international environmental law is the question of the precise legal consequences that can be said to flow from the occurrence of transboundary environmental harm , which calls for state liability.

The author reflects on the achievement of global agreements for change in the agenda of environmental law. He points out that it is significant to enforce environmental law which is aimed at sustainable development. The three essential aspects significant for change are the key environmental issues that need to be addressed, the strategy to employ in addressing those issues and its presentation to the world community.

The article discusses the United Nations' activities and conventions pertaining to environmental policies and laws. The forums include United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) ninth session of its Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum and Global Ministerial Environment Forum in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, UNEP's International Conference on Chemicals Management, Convention on Biological Diversity, and Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Convention and the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity held in Curitiba, Brazil.

The article presents news and developments relevant to the activities of the United Nations on environmental law and policy compiled as of September 2005. The 2005 World Summit held in September in New York which discussed issues on global threats that require global solutions towards the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. The 25th meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer was held in Montreal, Canada which discussed a directive where developed countries must phase out ethyl bromide mostly for pest control in agriculture.

The article presents several articles related to environmental policy and law published in several journals. The articles include "WMO: Priorities for Enhancing the Organization", "Biosafety Protocol: No Agreement on Shipping", "EU-Angola: Fisheries Talks Stall", "UNCTAD: Biofuels Initiative", "Basel Convention: Launch of New Regional Centres", "UNDP: Water Governance Facility at sIWI". The Executive Council of the World Meteorological Organization agreed on institutional and substantive actions to improve the organization's enhanced applications of forecasts and sciecne in the areas of weather, climate and water.

The article presents the selected documents published in the issue of the periodical "Environmental Policy and Law." Efforts to sustain and accelerate progress toward the water access goal, supported by increased resources from all sources in response to countries' needs includes prioritizing water in national development plans and facilitating access to water for all. Emphasis are given in establishing an institutional home for sanitation, prioritizing sanitation in national development plans, and incorporating sanitation in integrated water resources management plans.

The article examines potential sources of liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in the United States. While the Supreme Court recently limited the circumstances in which private parties can use CERCLA to compel or recovery costs to investigate or remediate historic hazardous waste disposal sites, the government has virtually unlimited powers. CERCLA cases are an appropriate analogue for discussing owner and operator liability under almost any cause of action that seeks damages for land pollution.

This article focuses on a comprehensive review of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) for the Sustainable Development of SIDS or small island developing states, which was called for in the 57th Session of the United Nations General Assembly. The BPOA sets forth specific actions and measures at the national, regional, and international levels in support of the sustainable development of SIDS. BPOA is a 14-point program that identifies priority areas and specific actions necessary for addressing the special challenges faced by SIDS. Some of the priority areas are: climate change and sea-level rise, natural and environmental disasters, and management of wastes.

This article highlights the award ceremony for the Elizabeth Haub Prize for Environmental Diplomacy on March 8, 2005 in New York. Professor Lee Paddock, Director of Environmental Law programs at Pace University School of Law in Pleasantville, New York, introduced Professor Nicholas Robinson, a member of the Elizabeth Haub Award jury. The history of the Award is being recalled, which honors Elizabeth Haub, the distinguished German environmentalist. And Robinson paid tribute to the strong nature conservation values of Haub.

This article highlights the twenty-third session of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum (GC/GMEF), which was convened from February 21-25, 2005 in Nairobi, Kenya. Over 1,000 participants, including 54 of the 58 member States of the GC, attended GC-23/GMEF. The question of how to bolster global, regional and national environments so as to improve the prospects for achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, which cover poverty eradication and safe water supplies to promoting women and conserving wildlife, took center stage.

Looks at regional affairs related to environmental policy and law. Highlights of the achievements and outcomes at the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context; Draft of the fundamental legal documents on water and health; Evaluation of the needs of the public health sector in the fight against water-related diseases.

Discusses various activities of the United Nations related to environmental policy and law. Establishment of international liability for transboundary harm; Historical insight into the United Nations Environment Programme; Adoption of a resolution promoting the right to drinking water and sanitation as an individual and collective human right.

Looks at international developments related to environmental law and policy. Rejection of a proposal that led to a limited resumption of commercial whaling at the annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission; Development of global standards by the international community to deal with environmental issues; Highlights of the Conference on International Environmental Governance.

Looks at national affairs related to environmental policy and law. Examination of the relevant laws on oil pollution with a view of discovering why the law has been unable to deal effectively with the grave challenge posed by the rising incidence of sabotage of oil facilities in Nigeria; Plan of the State Environmental Protection Administration of China to launch a crackdown action on illegal polluters; Dispute between Canada and the U.S. over a smelter.

Discusses environmental law and policy in China. Principles of Chinese environmental law such as sustainable development, prevention first and rational development; Introduction of the country's environmental protection policies and the legal provisions implementing them; Development of the modern environmental law over three periods of history and legislation.

Reports on international developments regarding environmental policy and law. Definition of a compliance mechanism; Relationship between a compliance mechanism and a dispute settlement procedure; Assessment of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Environmental Strategy for the First Decade of the 21st Century.

Provides various information related to global environmental policy and law. Launch of the Arab Water Council dedicated to water issues in the Arab World; Review of the Cotonou Agreement in the 79th Session of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Council of Ministers; Adoption of the Shanghai Declaration at the 60th Session of the UN Economic and Special Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

Traces the development of the Governance Principles for Foreign Direct Investment in Hazardous Activities in the context of overall efforts to improve corporate social and environmental responsibilities. Sustainable development principles in the term 'corporate social and environmental responsibility'; Voluntary codes and foreign direct investment; Difficulty in assessing the overall 'greening' of investment.

Reports on developments concerning United Nations (UN) activities on environmental policy and law as of April 2004. Proposals to strengthen the UN Economic and Social Council; Negotiations on a global regime to regulate the access and use of genetic resources; Enforcement of the 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Reports on developments concerning environmental policy and law as of December 2003. Highlights the 26th meeting of the Permanent Committee of the Convention for the Protection of the Alps, held at Bad Reichenhall in Germany from September 29 to October 1, 2003; Submission of a request for the prescription of provisional measures to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea by Malaysia against Singapore.

Reports on the management and regulation of hazardous and toxic substances in Malaysia. Impact of the national strategy of Vision 2020 on the manufacture and use of hazardous and toxic substances in the country; Dangerous materials that are considered hazardous; Chemicals management in Malaysia.

Presents the title index of volume 33 of the periodical "Environmental Policy and Law". United Nations activities; Regional affairs; Other international developments.

Analyzes the place of the environmental impact analysis (EIA) in the environmental protection policy and law of Turkey with reference to the European Union Directive. Main framework of the EIA; Strategic environmental assessment; Public participation in the EIA process; Judicial recourse.

Highlights the twentieth session of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme held in Nairobi, Kenya from February 1 to 5, 1999. Importance of environmental programs in addressing reforms; Appointment of organizations and committees; Discussion on international environmental policies.

Presents resolutions and decisions adopted to improve international environmental policies at the 53rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly on December 15, 1998. Influence of environmental policies on global financial crisis; Implementation of environmental programs; Review and appraisal of Agenda 21.

Netherlands- Environmental Covenant for the Oil and Gas producing Industry: A Valuable Policy Instrument (Rob Gerits/Jules Hinssen) 323 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy- Protected Areas and the 'Caracas Action Plan' (Andrca Sillloncini) 95UK- National Sustainable Development Plan 104 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West African States- The Marine Pollution Problem: Some Lessons from UNCLOS (G.A. Sarpong) 87Asian Wetland Symposium 101 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNCLOS• Information Note on Deep Seabed Mining Provisions 109UN/ECE• International Legal Instruments - Preparations for Lucerne Conference 112ITTO• Conference for the Negotiation of a Successor Agreement 113Asia• Wetlands: Wise Use of the Most Productive Places 113 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]