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Green innovation is the pivotal part connected with achieving urban sustainable development. Resource regulation, represented by water rights trading policy (WRTP), is playing an increasingly important role in supporting urban green innovation (UGI). Therefore, this paper uses the WRTP conducted in 2014 in China as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the net effect of resource regulation on green innovation by the identification methods of difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results show that: (1) WRTP promotes UGI significantly, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. (2)The influencing mechanisms are mainly by optimizing industrial structure and enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and information exchange efficiency and the promoting function is moderated by urban competitiveness and population agglomeration. (3) The promotion effects are greater in cities with higher level of government intervention, environmental pollution, water using quantity and local economy.(4) WRTP has the spatial spillover effect on UGI. These findings provide insights into sustainable development of water resources, management of water trading market, urban green innovation and sustainable economic development. • By a quasi-natural experiment, we explore the causal effect of resource regulation on green innovation. • Water rights trading policy is effective in improving urban green innovation. • Improving industrial structure, efficiency of resource allocation and information exchange is the vital mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, China has observed rapid urbanization, the nation's urban population reached 50% in 2000, and is still in steady increase. Rapid urbanization in China has an adverse impact on urban hydrological processes, particularly in increasing the urban flood risks and causing serious urban flooding losses. Urban flooding also increases health risks such as causing epidemic disease break out, polluting drinking water and damaging the living environment. In the highly urbanized area, non-engineering measurement is the main way for managing urban flood risk, such as flood risk warning. There is no mature method and pilot study for urban flood risk warning, the purpose of this study is to propose the urban flood risk warning method for the rapidly urbanized Chinese cities. This paper first presented an urban flood forecasting model, which produces urban flood inundation index for urban flood risk warning. The model has 5 modules. The drainage system and grid dividing module divides the whole city terrain into drainage systems according to its first-order river system, and delineates the drainage system into grids based on the spatial structure with irregular gridding technique; the precipitation assimilation module assimilates precipitation for every grids which is used as the model input, which could either be the radar based precipitation estimation or interpolated one from rain gauges; runoff production module classifies the surface into pervious and impervious surface, and employs different methods to calculate the runoff respectively; surface runoff routing module routes the surface runoff and determines the inundation index. The routing on surface grid is calculated according to the two dimensional shallow water unsteady flow algorithm, the routing on land channel and special channel is calculated according to the one dimensional unsteady flow algorithm. This paper then proposed the urban flood risk warning method that is called DPSIR model based multiple index fuzzy evaluation warning method, and referred to as DMFEW method. DMFEW first selects 5 evaluation indexes based on the DPSIR model for flood risk warning evaluation, including driving force index, pressure index, state index, impact index and response index. Based on the values of all evaluation indexes, one evaluation index for the whole system evaluation result is determined by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The flood risk level is divided into 4 levels, having Level 1 the most serious. Every evaluation index is also categorized as 4 levels, and a linear fuzzy subjection function is proposed to do the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Dongguan City is used as the study case to validate the proposed method. The urban flood forecasting model is set up with the topographic data, the city map, the underground pipelines and land cover types, and two flood events are simulated with observed precipitation, one is interpolated from the rain gauges data, and another is estimated by digital weather radar. The simulated results are compared with the investigated water depth, and the results show the model has very good performances. The results are further used for the flood risk warning simulation, and are very reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union is currently immersed in policy development to address the effects of climate change around the world. Key plans and processes for facilitating adaptation to high temperatures and for reducing the adverse effects on health are among the most urgent measures. Therefore, it is necessary to understand those factors that influence adaptation. The aim of this study was to provide knowledge related to the social, climate and economic factors that are related to the evolution of minimum mortality temperatures (MMT) in Spain in the rural and urban contexts, during the 1983–2018 time period. For this purpose, local factors were studied regarding their relationship to levels of adaptation to heat. MMT is an indicator that allows for establishing a relationship to between mortality and temperature, and is a valid indicator to assess the capacity of adaptation to heat of a certain population. MMT is obtained through the maximum daily temperature and daily mortality of the study period. The evolution of MMT values for Spain was established in a previous paper. An ecological, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out. Generalized linear models (GLM) were performed to identify the variables that appeared to be related to adaptation. The adaptation was calculated as the difference in variation in MMT based on the average increase in maximum daily temperatures. In terms of adaptation to heat, urban populations have adapted more than non-urban populations. Seventy-nine percent (n = 11) of urban provinces have adapted to heat, compared to twenty-one percent (n = 3) of rural provinces that have not adapted. In terms of urban zones, income level and habituation to heat (values over the 95th percentile) were variables shown to be related to adaptation. In contrast, among non-urban provinces, a greater number of housing rehabilitation licenses and a greater number of health professionals were variables associated with higher increases in MMT, and therefore, with adaptation. These results highlight the need to carry out studies that allow for identifying the local factors that are most relevant and influential in population adaptation. More studies carried out at a small scale are needed. [Display omitted] • In Spain urban provinces were better adapted to heat than non-urban provinces. • Income level and habituation to heat shown to be related to urban adaptation. • Housing rehab licenses & health professionals were related to no urban adaptation. • Heterogeneity detected in local factors suggest more studies at a small scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated growth in urban populations has become a powerful force for human development, particularly in developed countries. Metropolitan cities are centers for technical and economic advancement, but air pollution, overflowing of water, and other climate effects still pose significant problems related to nature, climate, and the environment. Cities are vulnerable to increasingly dense, diverse, and interdependent urban systems. A single extreme occurrence can contribute to a systemic break-up of a city's infrastructure, often like dominoes. In this paper, a dynamic integration-assisted population management solution (DI-PMS) has been proposed. DI-PMS recognizes that the latest facilities' optimal usage of knowledge and technologies is needed to increase urbanization. They are one of the critical priorities of the weather community. Such integrated urban weather, environmental, and climate services will help cities address dangers including storms, floods, heatwaves, and air pollution, especially in climate change. The goal is to create urban facilities that satisfy communities' unique needs by high-resolution forecasting and pollution reduction climate services, which allow the construction of durable, robust, and thriving cities that support the Sustainable Development Goals. Several recent international surveys to explore these topics have been undertaken. DI-PMS gives a brief description of urban hydrometeorological, climate and air pollution activities, outlines the new urban integrated weather and environmental services concept, and emphasizes the need for science to be implemented. • Literature and background of population management and environment. • Proposed dynamic integration-assisted population management. • Selected city for the study can be analyzed with a landscape design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) has far-reaching advantages and disadvantages on human beings. Nitrogen footprint (NF) is a tool to quantify the use of Nr in the environment. Food nitrogen footprint (FNF) accounts for the largest proportion of the total NF, and the differences between provinces in China exist objectively. In order to explore the spatial correlation and socio-economic driving factors of China's FNF, this paper uses N-calculator tool to calculate the FNF of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, and uses exploratory spatial data to analyze the spatial correlation and changes of provincial FNF, The driving factors and spatial effects of FNF change in the province were analyzed by using spatial Durbin panel model and spatial regression partial differential method. The results showed that: (1) There is a significant and stable positive spatial dependence and heterogeneity in the FNF among provinces; (2) The direct effect factors of promoting the growth of FNF in the province are urban household Engel coefficient, per capita disposable income of rural residents and rural household Engel coefficient. The main factors of restraining the growth of FNF in the province are wastewater discharge per unit GDP and per capita GDP; (3) the spillover effect is mainly manifested as the negative effect of the increase of urban household Engel coefficient on neighboring provinces, and the spillover effect of per capita disposable income of urban residents and nitrogen fertilizer application rate per unit grain yield on the growth of FNF of neighboring provinces is significant. From the policy level, it is necessary to guide healthy and scientific eating habits, reduce the proportion of meat and fish in the diet structure, reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application per unit grain yield, and improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer utilization. When formulating relevant policies, government departments should give consideration to the cooperation between provincial and regional governments. • N-calculator tool is used to calculate the FNF of 30 provinces in China. • Driving factors and spatial effects of FNF change in the province were analyzed. • The spatial Durbin panel model and spatial regression partial differential method are used for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a cross-sectional study conducted in Mexico City following the earthquake that occurred on September 19, 2017. The sample size of the study was N = 2400. The aim has been the study of people's emotional and behavioural responses during and immediately after the tremors. Some of the results and conclusions were the following: a). During the tremors, respondents coping reactions were related to escape, reaching and protecting people, and seeking shelter; b). The actions taken by the respondents immediately after the tremor were reuniting with family members, evacuation, and returning to houses; c). The emotional responses of the participants of the study were fear and surprise; d). The capital city's residents exhibited a relatively high percentage of prosocial behaviour during the seismic emergency response; e). More generally, the residents of the city should be trained on what to do during and after the tremors; moreover, key decision-makers should consider people's emotional and behavioural responses to tremors when designing plans for mass emergencies following earthquakes, such as the present case study. • Results of Mexico City residents' emotional & behavioural reactions to the 2017 earthquake. • During tremors, the reactions were escape, reaching and protecting people, seeking shelter. • After earthquake, the actions were reuniting with family members, evacuation, returning to houses. • The emotional reactions were fear followed by surprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]