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Despite the known link between air pollution and cause-specific mortality, its relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated mortality is understudied. Therefore, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and CKD-related mortality in a large multicentre population-based European cohort. Cohort data were linked to local mortality registry data. CKD-death was defined as ICD10 codes N18-N19 or corresponding ICD9 codes. Mean annual exposure at participant's home address was determined with fine spatial resolution exposure models for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), black carbon (BC), ozone (O 3 ), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and several elemental constituents of PM 2.5 . Cox regression models were adjusted for age, sex, cohort, calendar year of recruitment, smoking status, marital status, employment status and neighbourhood mean income. Over a mean follow-up time of 20.4 years, 313 of 289,564 persons died from CKD. Associations were positive for PM 2.5 (hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.31 (1.03-1.66) per 5 μg/m 3 , BC (1.26 (1.03-1.53) per 0.5 × 10 - 5 /m), NO 2 (1.13 (0.93-1.38) per 10 μg/m 3 ) and inverse for O 3 (0.71 (0.54-0.93) per 10 μg/m 3 ). Results were robust to further covariate adjustment. Exclusion of the largest sub-cohort contributing 226 cases, led to null associations. Among the elemental constituents, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S and Zn, representing different sources including traffic, biomass and oil burning and secondary pollutants, were associated with CKD-related mortality. In conclusion, our results suggest an association between air pollution from different sources and CKD-related mortality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Air pollution is a growing concern worldwide, with significant impacts on human health. Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer with increasing incidence. Studies have linked air pollution exposure to various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma, however, the relationship with multiple myeloma incidence has not been extensively investigated., Methods: We pooled four European cohorts (N = 234,803) and assessed the association between residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particles (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O 3 ) and multiple myeloma. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level., Results: During 4,415,817 person-years of follow-up (average 18.8 years), we observed 404 cases of multiple myeloma. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) per 10 μg/m³ NO 2 , 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) per 5 μg/m³ PM 2.5 , 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) per 0.5 10 -5  m -1 BCE, and 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) per 10 μg/m³ O 3 ., Conclusions: We did not observe an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of multiple myeloma., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is classified as a group 1 human carcinogen. Previous experimental studies suggest that particles in diesel exhaust induce oxidative stress, inflammation and DNA damage in kidney cells, but the evidence from population studies linking air pollution to kidney cancer is limited., Methods: We pooled six European cohorts (N = 302,493) to assess the association of residential exposure to fine particles (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O 3 ) and eight elemental components of PM 2.5 (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) with cancer of the kidney parenchyma. The main exposure model was developed for year 2010. We defined kidney parenchyma cancer according to the International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th Revision codes 189.0 and C64. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level., Results: The participants were followed from baseline (1985-2005) to 2011-2015. A total of 847 cases occurred during 5,497,514 person-years of follow-up (average 18.2 years). Median (5-95%) exposure levels of NO 2 , PM 2.5 , BC and O 3 were 24.1 μg/m 3 (12.8-39.2), 15.3 μg/m 3 (8.6-19.2), 1.6 10 -5  m -1 (0.7-2.1), and 87.0 μg/m 3 (70.3-97.4), respectively. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.15) per 10 μg/m³ NO 2 , 1.04 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.21) per 5 μg/m³ PM 2.5 , 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.11) per 0.5 10 -5  m -1 BCE, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02) per 10 μg/m³ O 3 . We did not find associations between any of the elemental components of PM 2.5 and cancer of the kidney parenchyma., Conclusion: We did not observe an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: An association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and lung cancer has been established in previous studies. PM 2.5 is a complex mixture of chemical components from various sources and little is known about whether certain components contribute specifically to the associated lung cancer risk. The present study builds on recent findings from the "Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe" (ELAPSE) collaboration and addresses the potential association between specific elemental components of PM 2.5 and lung cancer incidence., Methods: We pooled seven cohorts from across Europe and assigned exposure estimates for eight components of PM 2.5 representing non-tail pipe emissions (copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)), long-range transport (sulfur (S)), oil burning/industry emissions (nickel (Ni), vanadium (V)), crustal material (silicon (Si)), and biomass burning (potassium (K)) to cohort participants' baseline residential address based on 100 m by 100 m grids from newly developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status)., Results: The pooled study population comprised 306,550 individuals with 3916 incident lung cancer events during 5,541,672 person-years of follow-up. We observed a positive association between exposure to all eight components and lung cancer incidence, with adjusted HRs of 1.10 (95% CI 1.05, 1.16) per 50 ng/m 3 PM 2.5  K, 1.09 (95% CI 1.02, 1.15) per 1 ng/m 3 PM 2.5 Ni, 1.22 (95% CI 1.11, 1.35) per 200 ng/m 3 PM 2.5  S, and 1.07 (95% CI 1.02, 1.12) per 200 ng/m 3 PM 2.5  V. Effect estimates were largely unaffected by adjustment for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). After adjustment for PM 2.5 mass, effect estimates of K, Ni, S, and V were slightly attenuated, whereas effect estimates of Cu, Si, Fe, and Zn became null or negative., Conclusions: Our results point towards an increased risk of lung cancer in connection with sources of combustion particles from oil and biomass burning and secondary inorganic aerosols rather than non-exhaust traffic emissions. Specific limit values or guidelines targeting these specific PM 2.5 components may prove helpful in future lung cancer prevention strategies., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)