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The prime aim of this research is to discover new, eco-friendly approaches to reducing agents for manufacturing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius (Hu). The confirmation of Hu-mediated AgNPs has been characterized by UV visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDX, HRTEM, AFM, PSA, Zeta poetical and GCMS analysis. The absorption peak of Hu-AgNPs at 430 nm has been confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The findings of the particle size study show that AgNPs have a size distribution with an average of 20 nm. The Zeta potential of NPs reveals a significant build-up of negative charges on their surface. The additional hydrate layers that occurred at the surface of AgNPs are shown in the HR-TEM morphology images. The antibacterial activity results showed that Hu-AgNPs were highly effective against both bacterial pathogens, with gram-positive (+) and gram-negative (−) pathogens having a moderate inhibition effect on K. pneumoniae (5.3 ± 0.3 mm), E. coli (5.3 ± 0.1), and S. aureus (5.2 ± 0.3 mm). Hu-AgNPs (IC 50 of 50.78 μg/mL) were found to have dose-dependent cytotoxic action against human lung cancer cell lines (A549). Inhibited cell viability by up to 64.31% after 24 h of treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the hand information on the myco-synthesis of AgNPs from the H. ulmarius mushroom extract and the results suggest that it can an excellent source for developing a multipurpose and eco-friendly nano product in future. • We successfully synthesized AgNPs from Hypsizygus ulmarius mushroom extract. • We noticed the best particles size of Hu-AgNPs formed at 20 nm. • Hu-AgNPs expressed moderate antibacterial effects. • Hu-AgNPs have a strong anticancer effect against A549 cells. • The bioactive molecules were identified by GC-MS analysis of H. ulmarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes global consequences through increased mortality and economic loss. Antimicrobial drugs including nanomaterials are an emerging environmental impact. Hence, this work aimed to synthesize and characterize the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) using the aqueous extract of endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense (Pb) for enhancing the antibacterial efficiency of existing standard antibiotics at minimum concentration. The FTIR and XRD results confirmed the capping of functional molecules and the crystalline nature of Pb–TiO2 NPs. The spherical-shaped TiO2 NPs with the size of 57.39 ± 13.65 nm were found in TEM analysis. The average hydrodynamic size (68.43 ± 1.49 d. nm) and the zeta potential (−19.6 ± 1.49 mV) was confirmed the stability of Pb–TiO2 NPs. Antibacterial studies revealed that bare Pb–TiO2 NPs (20 μg/mL) did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity while combination of TCH + Pb–TiO2 NPs considerably increased the inhibition of E. coli biofilm evidenced by CLSM and SEM analysis. Further, Pb–TiO 2 NPs (100 μg/mL) were found to be moderately toxic to cell line (NIH3T3), red blood cells (RBC), and egg embryos. Hence, this study concluded that <50 μg/mL of TiO 2 NPs can be mixed with antibiotics for enhanced antibacterial application thereby minimizing the AMR and the environmental toxicity. • TiO2 NPs synthesized using endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense (Pb). •Pb-TiO2 NPs exhibited the smaller size particles and high crystallinity. •Pb-TiO2 NPs substantially assisted to inhibit the anti-biofilm activity of antibiotic. •The higher concentration of Pb-TiO2 NPs has shown the toxic effects on egg embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]