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Although a significant amount of brewery wastewater (BW) is generated during beer production, the nutrients in the BW could be reused as a potential bio-resource for biohydrogen production. Therefore, improvements in photofermentative biohydrogen production due to a combination of BW and pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) as a mixed production medium were investigated comprehensively in this study. The experimental results showed that both the biohydrogen yield and the chemical oxygen demand removal were improved through the combination of BW and PPME. The best biohydrogen yield of 0.69 mol H/L medium was obtained using the combination of 10 % BW + 90 % PPME (10B90P), while the reuse of the wastewater alone (100 % BW and 100 % PPME) resulted in 42.3 and 44.0 % less biohydrogen yields than the highest yield, respectively. The greatest light efficiency was 1.97 % and was also achieved using the combination of both wastewaters at 10B90P. This study revealed the potential of reusing and combining two different effluents together, in which the combination of BW and PPME improved the nutrients and light penetration into the mixed production medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power is a rapidly developing energy source. Many nations use wind power to meet a considerable amount of their energy needs. Moreover, the technology of wind power has evolved over the period of time. As a result, the wind farm-incorporated power system has received more attention for its outstanding contributions. The purpose of this study is to review the research works published on four key topics within the theme of wind farm-incorporated power systems. We survey the research papers that are featured in the Web of Science database. We employ an approach called Methodi Ordinatio to filter the papers. The publication of papers related to wind farm-incorporated power system has increased significantly, especially between 2018 and 2022. Therefore, we conduct a database search during this period and select important papers. Then we review and describe the technical challenges and solutions of these papers. Furthermore, a bibliographic coupling analysis is presented. The analysis shows that the journals such as Energy, Energies, and Renewable Energy are the leading journals publishing papers on all four key topics. The analysis further demonstrates that the focus of the researchers is on wind power forecasting, followed by energy storage systems, and wind farm layout optimization. The least focus is on optimal power flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollution haven hypo thesis (PHH) postulates that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows can increase environmental deterioration in developing countries as multinational firms tend to transfer their dirty industries to these countries. Turkey, as a developing economy, has witnessed intense FDI inflows over the last decades. Within this scope, the goal of this paper is to examine whether the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) prevails in Turkey within the scope of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period 1970–2016. To that end, the paper employs unit root and cointegration methods based on the nonlinear smooth transition models. The empirical findings of the paper indicate that both hypotheses are valid in Turkey. The findings also imply that environmental quality in Turkey is negatively related to electricity production from renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It can be observed from the existing energy literature the previous papers investigating the influence of renewables consumption on GDP for the USA commonly ignore structural breaks in the US economy. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth for the USA using quarterly data over the period 1977Q1-2019Q3 through unit root and cointegration methods based on different approaches in modelling structural breaks. Our empirical evidence confirms that all unit root tests give similar outputs and show all the variables become stationary at 1st differences. Besides, cointegration tests show highly different results in terms of the statistical significance of the coefficients. For instance, the cointegration test without structural breaks indicates that renewable energy consumption has no impact on economic growth. With sharp structural breaks in the cointegration approach, there is no cointegration between the variables. The empirical findings of the cointegration test with sharp and gradual breaks imply that renewable energy consumption has positive effects on economic growth. This paper discusses the implications of the empirical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case of China, there is a need of green energy system to boost growth and environment. However, the current growth of urbanization is putting high pressure on energy system through financial capital. Hence, it is a need to develop such path through renewable energy consumption, capital development, and urbanization to enhance the performance of development and environment. Therefore, this paper contributes to the literature by adding the asymmetries between renewable energy, urbanization, economic growth, and capital investment by covering the period from 1970 to 2021. For this purpose, we apply the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to find the nonlinearities between the variables under study. The findings confirm the asymmetric short- and long-term relationships between the variables. In this sense, capitalization shows the short- and long-term asymmetric impacts on renewable energy consumption. In addition, urbanization and economic growth have long-term asymmetric and positive impacts on renewable energy consumption. At last, this paper provides applicable and practical policy implications for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energy+energy storage model has an important role to play in achieving China's proposal of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal. In order to study the development mechanism of renewable energy+storage cooperation with government participation, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model among government, renewable energy generators, and energy storage service suppliers, based on the data of a renewable energy+storage project in a Chinese province. In this paper, we analyze the game process and the factors affecting the behavioral strategies of the three parties through numerical simulation. The study shows that the government regulation has a positive effect on the cooperative development of renewable energy+energy storage, and it can effectively restrain the wasteful phenomenon of renewable energy generation by means of punishment and improve the operating income of cooperative projects by means of subsidies, which can help the enterprises to broaden the application scenarios of energy storage. The government can effectively promote the improvement of renewable energy+energy storage cooperation mechanism by formulating regulatory mechanism, controlling the cost of supervision, and dynamically adjusting the intensity of supervision. Therefore, the research in this paper not only enriches the research related to renewable energy+energy storage mode but also provides valuable reference for the government to formulate regulatory policies related to renewable energy+energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, excessive emissions of carbon dioxide have further intensified global warming, which poses a great threat to human society. The best way to reverse this situation is to take action to equalize the "carbon emissions" with the "carbon absorption," i.e., carbon neutrality (CN). To better understand the evolution and display a broad panorama of CN research, this paper provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of CN from 2006 to 2021. We use the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source, and a total of 633 publications have been retrieved. In the paper, we measure the productivity and influence of publications through recognized bibliometric metrics, and visually analyze publications using VOS Viewer and CiteSpace. The analysis results show that China is the most productive country/region. The study illustrates that in order to reach the goal of CN, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions such as full using renewable energy. Simultaneously, it is also essential to enhance the "negative emissions" of carbon such as taking advantage of carbon sink and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. This paper provides some references for scholars who are interested or research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cope with global climate change and energy security, the realization of the low-carbon energy transition has become an inevitable choice for international carbon emission reduction requirements and energy structure adjustment. Vigorously developing renewable energy has become an essential part of energy policies in many countries. Under the incentive and guidance of renewable energy industry policy, China's renewable energy has developed rapidly, and energy structure has been optimized. However, many problems have been exposed. Can China's renewable energy industry policy effectively support low-carbon energy transition? This paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, combining literature analysis and data analysis. Based on the analysis of renewable energy policies in countries with relatively mature energy transitions, it analyzes the status quo, implementation effect, and problems of renewable energy policy in China and proposes policy suggestions. According to the research, the existing problems are as follows: (1) diminishing marginal effect of policies, (2) policy adjustment is not timely and lacks details and operability, (3) coordination conflicts between the old and new policies, (4) unreasonable policy supply structure, and (5) the negative impact of subsidy policy is increasing. Therefore, this paper argues that China's renewable energy industry policy cannot effectively support the low-carbon energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean, affordable, and efficient energy sources are inevitable for a sustainable world. Energy crisis, especially the poor access and affordability, demand–supply mismatches, energy inequality, and high dependence on non-renewable energy sources, are the challenges before the attainment of clean energy goals for sustainable development. The 5-year review from the adoption of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by using bibliometric and thematic analysis was conducted in this review. This review is a synthesis of 175 scientific papers on SDG 7. Policy reforms and better funding; technology innovation and inclusion; and economic growth, rapid promotion of renewable, and alternative fuels are the recommendations for the achievement of the energy goals. Future research on energy-related goals should focus on energy justice, policy reforms, energy poverty, poor affordability, off-grid transmissions, renewable energy sources, alternative fuels, reforms in the energy supply chain, and international cooperation for better implementation of projects and for attracting foreign capital and private funds. This paper invites the attention of practitioners, academicians, funding agencies, and international agencies to collaborate in the initiatives for a clean, green, and energized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging driving factor, the positive impact of renewable energy technology innovation (RETI) on inclusive low-carbon development (ILCD) may be undervalued or even neglected. This paper develops an evaluation system to measure China's ILCD by using provincial panel data from 2006 to 2020. Based on the combined perspective of spatial spillover effect and threshold effect, this paper examines the spatial spillover effects and the regional boundary of RETI on ILCD in different periods and further analyzes five heterogeneities. The results show that (1) RETI and ILCD are increasing steadily, presenting a spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west." (2) Overall, RETI significantly promotes ILCD in local and neighboring areas. RETI in the growth period inhibits local ILCD, which in the mature period promotes local and neighboring ILCD. (3) The spatial spillover boundary of the whole RETI is 1400 km, that of RETI in the growth period is 1000 km, and that of RETI in the mature period is 1600 km. (4) The promotion effect of RETI on ILCD enhances over time and shows a spatial pattern of "eastern > central > south > north > western." It is further found that RETI strongly promotes ILCD in non-resource-based, high marketization, and strong environmental regulation areas. Therefore, it is necessary to break down administrative and market barriers, strengthen inter-regional cooperation and interconnection of resource elements, and establish a dynamic management mechanism of "one province, one policy" according to the regional heterogeneity for providing decision-making reference in promoting global energy transition and climate governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our world needs to develop clean energy to reach the target of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. As one of clean energy, wind energy should contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction. Wind power generation is an important field of wind energy application. However, the fluctuation and intermittency of wind can affect the safety of power system. Therefore, prediction of wind power accurately for wind power safety, dispatching, and power grid development is significant. This paper proposes a prediction model of wind power, and predicts the wind power of two wind farms. For the complex wind speed series, the variational modal decomposition (VMD) method is used to reduce its volatility before prediction. And this paper presents an improved method to improve the prediction efficiency when least square support vector machine (LSSVM) predicts stationary series. The prediction result shows that the proposed model improves the prediction of wind power effectively, provides an effective method for wind farm to predict the wind power, and makes contributions to reducing carbon emissions and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present energy demand of the world is increasing but the fossil fuels are gradually depleting. As a result, the need for alternative fuels and energy sources is growing. Fuel cells could be one alternative to address the challenge. The fuel cell can convert CO2 to value-added chemicals. The potential of bio-fuel cells, specifically enzymatic fuel cells and microbial fuel cells, and the importance of immobilization technology in bio-fuel cells are highlighted. The review paper also includes a detailed explanation of the microbial electrosynthesis system to reduce CO2 and the value-added products during microbial electrosynthesis. Future research in bio-electrochemical synthesis for CO2 conversion is expected to prioritize enhancing biocatalyst efficiency, refining reactor design, exploring novel electrode materials, understanding microbial interactions, integrating renewable energy sources, and investigating electrochemical processes for carbon capture and selective CO2 reduction. The challenges and perspectives of bio-electrochemical systems in the application of CO2 conversion are also discussed. Overall, this review paper provides valuable insights into the latest developments and criteria for effective research and implementation in bio-fuel cells, immobilization technology, and microbial electro-synthesis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several strict reasons to overcome the dependence on fossil fuels and count on renewable energy sources such as solar energy. In this study, a numerical/experimental investigation on a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system is carried out. A hybrid system would achieve higher electrical efficiency by reducing panel surface temperature, and the heat transferred could have further benefits. Using wire coils inside cooling tubes is a passive method selected in this paper to improve heat transfer. The appropriate number of wire coils was determined using numerical simulation, and then the experimental study began in real-time. Different flow rates with different pitch to diameter ratios for wire coils were considered. The results show that placing three wire coils inside the cooling tube would increase the average electrical and thermal efficiency by 2.29 and 16.87%, respectively, compared to the simple cooling mode. According to the results, if a wire coil is used in the cooling tube, a 9.42% increase in the average total efficiency based on electricity generation during a test day would appear compared to the simple cooling. A numerical method was applied again to evaluate the results of experimental tests as well as observe the phenomena in the cooling fluid path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates biomass and solar energy's present and future perspectives in low/zero energy and carbon emissions. Its data source is published articles indexed in the Scopus database. By analyzing the articles extracted in Vos viewer software, four main areas of research are found: sustainable development, economic and managerial issues, methods, algorithms, modeling technologies, and renewable energy and its sources and types. In all four sections, research gaps were observed in the field of the third generation of photovoltaics (semi-transparent solar cells)organic)) and algae. As part of the study, advanced bibliometric analysis was carried out by VOS viewer software, and 34129 articles were examined from Scopus, alongside a patent analysis using Google patents, in addition to the bibliometric analysis. It has been shown by machine learning that about 9% of future articles in all energy fields will consist of building articles, and a quarter of these articles will be in the field of renewable energy. While residential and commercial sectors are the dominant areas of renewable energy utilization and commercialization research, the potential of new generations of renewable energy technologies will create significant opportunities to achieve low/zero energy-carbon emission buildings. The paper concludes by predicting the increasing rate of renewable energy and building articles compared to energy articles by 2030, emphasizing the critical role of research in advancing sustainable energy solutions. This data mining analysis helps to identify the current gaps and opportunities. Therefore, great potential will be created to develop and commercialize a new generation of technologies in this industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been several strategies developed to increase the diversified supply of energy so that it can meet all of the future demands for energy. As a result, to ensure a healthy and sustainable energy future, it is imperative to warrant reliable and diverse energy supply sources if the "green energy economy" is to be realized. The purpose of developing and deploying clean energy technologies is to improve our overall energy security, reduce our carbon footprint, and ensure that the generation of energy is secure and reliable in the future, making sure that we can spur economic growth in the future. In this paper, advancements in alternative sources of energy sustainability and strategies will be examined to ensure there will be enough fuel to supply all the future demands for energy. Several emerging clean energy technologies rely heavily on the availability of materials that exhibit unique properties that are necessary for their development. This paper examines the roles that rare earth and other energy-critical materials play in securing a clean energy economy and the development of clean energy economies in general. For the development of these technologies to be successful and sustainable, a number of these energy-critical materials are at risk of becoming unavailable. This is due to their limited availability, disruptions in supply, and a lack of suitable resources for their development. An action plan focusing on producing energy-critical materials in energy-efficient ways is discussed as part of an initiative to advance the development of clean and sustainable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance is profoundly affecting the energy transition, and at the global level, renewable energy has entered a leapfrog development phase. Unlike the research object that existing studies focus on, this paper selects 53 countries and regions that have launched green finance businesses as research sample, and empirically assesses the effect of green finance on the development of renewable energy based on cross-country panel data spanning 2000 to 2021. The results show that renewable energy development is positively impacted by green finance, and the marginal impact of green finance is gradually growing as renewable energy development level improves; the contribution of green finance to renewable energy development holds only in developed countries, emerging economies, countries with high green financial development levels, and countries with strong environmental regulations, but not in relatively backward developing countries, countries with low green financial development levels, and countries with weak environmental regulations; sectors of renewable energy that rely more heavily on external financing are more likely to be promoted by green finance; green finance supports renewable energy development mainly through promoting investment in renewable energy fixed assets and innovation in technology of the sector. This study provides an empirical and theoretical basis for green finance to promote renewable energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental challenges are currently placed at the forefront in order to achieve sustainable development. Although existing studies have largely examined the underlying factors of the environmental sustainability, the institutional quality and the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) still insufficiently investigated. The aim of this paper is to clarify the role played by institutional quality and ICTs to mitigate environmental degradation at different scales of the ecological gap. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to examine whether the quality of institutions and ICTs consolidate the contribution of renewable energy to reduce the ecological gap and thereby, promote environmental sustainability. The results of panel quantile regression applied to fourteen selected Middle East (ME) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries from 1984 to 2017 showed that the rule of law, control of corruption, Internet use, and mobile use exert no beneficial effects on environmental sustainability. The ICTs and the institutional development through the presence of an appropriate regulatory framework and the control of corruption have rather advantageous moderating effects on the environmental quality. Indeed, our findings revealed that the effects of renewable energy consumption on the environmental sustainability are positively moderated by the control of corruption, Internet use, and mobile use for countries with medium and high ecological gaps. The beneficial ecological effects of renewable energy are also moderated by the presence of a solid regulatory framework, but only for countries with high ecological gaps. In addition, our results showed that financial development promotes environmental sustainability in countries with low ecological gaps. Urbanization has perverse effects on the environment across all quantiles. The results found lead to important practical implications for preserving the environment as it suggests designing ICTs and improving the quality of institutions oriented to renewable energy sector in order to reduce the ecological gap. In addition, the findings from this paper can serve decision-makers in terms of environmental sustainability given the globalizing and conditional approach followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energy sources are considered as the important factor to decrease the level of carbon emissions and to promote the global green economy. Understanding the dynamics of renewable energy consumption, this paper analyzes whether there is a unit root in renewable energy consumption in 54 countries over the period 1971–2016. To this end, the unit root test of Narayan–Popp with two endogenous (unknown) breaks is implemented. The paper finds that renewable energy consumption series are stationary around a level and the time trend in 45 of 54 countries. In other words, renewable energy consumption follows a unit root process only in nine countries: Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, and Turkey. The evidence implies that renewable energy demand policies, which aimed to decrease the carbon emissions, will only have permanent effects in those nine countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a spatial perspective, this paper constructs a spatial Durbin model based on the adjacent weight matrix to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on the development of renewable energy in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China from 2007 to 2020. The results show that (1) both environmental regulation and renewable energy development have positive spatial autocorrelation and form relatively similar spatial agglomeration areas, specifically showing the characteristics of "high-high" agglomeration in resource-rich areas and "low-low" agglomeration in resource-scarce areas. (2) Environmental regulation significantly promotes the development of local renewable energy and has a significant spatial spillover effect on the development of renewable energy in neighboring provinces. (3) The moderating effect results show that renewable energy installed capacity and electricity demand play an inverse moderating role between environmental regulation and renewable energy development. (4) From the perspective of different regions, the impact of environmental regulation on the development of renewable energy is heterogeneous. Based on the research conclusions, this paper finally provides corresponding policy suggestions from three aspects: regional cooperation, technical support, and differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to determine the spatial spillover effects of renewable energy on carbon emissions in China's less-developed areas. However, few studies have considered this issue from the perspective of less-developed areas. Based on panel data of 21 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017, this paper analyzes the spatial spillover effects of renewable energy on carbon emissions using Moran's I and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). The results suggest that, first, Moran's I ranges from 0.378 to 0.519, Moran scatter plot presents that provinces are located in the high–high (HH) and low-low (LL) quadrants, indicating provincial carbon emissions in the study area have a significant spatial correlation and agglomeration. Second, under the three matrices, the direct effect coefficients of renewable energy are -0.2522, -0.2639 and -0.2601, this shows that renewable energy is beneficial to local carbon emissions reduction. In contrast, the indirect effect coefficients of renewable energy are 0.0605, 0.1012 and 0.1125, which means higher renewable energy consumption in a single area is conducive to the improvement of carbon emissions to neighbouring areas. Third, urbanization, industrialization, physical capital and other variables have different impacts on local and nearby carbon emissions. This study provides empirical evidence to achieve carbon emission reduction targets by government policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper investigates the association of renewable energy, financial development, urbanization, and growth in China along with technology. The newly developed econometric techniques (asymmetries) have been applied to explore short and long-run nonlinear relation among variables by utilizing annual data for the period of 1965–2021. In nonlinear cointegration, findings highlight the importance of renewable energy consumption for growth and development. Urbanization also confirms a positive association with growth and development where positive shocks were more dominant to support the growth process. The stock of technology brings a positive impact on growth and development whereas financial development results reveal to consider policy carefully. Asymmetric causality supports a uni-directional causal association between renewable energy, financial development, and growth. Policy recommendations are also highlighted according to the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, traditional energy sources have caused a variety of negative impacts on the environment, and reducing carbon emissions is a top priority. The development of renewable energy technology is the key to transform the energy structure. Renewable energy represented by wind energy and photovoltaics has abundant reserves so they are connected to the grid system on a large scale. However, because of natural energy's randomness, renewable energy power generation poses potential risks to energy production and grid security. By making short-term forecasts of renewable energy generation power, the uncertainty of energy generation can be reduced, and it is crucial to study renewable energy forecasting techniques. This paper proposes an integrated forecasting system for renewable energy sources. Firstly, ensemble empirical mode decomposition is used for data preprocessing, and stationarity analysis is used for modal identification; then, support vector regression optimized by sparrow search algorithm and statistical methods are combined to make forecast according to different characteristics of the series respectively; finally, the feasibility of this method in renewable energy time series prediction is verified by experiments. The experiments prove that the proposed model effectively improves the accuracy and prediction performance on ultra-short-term renewable energy forecasting; and it has good applicability and competitiveness with different forecasting scenarios and characteristics, which satisfy the actual forecasting requirements in terms of operational efficiency and accuracy, thus providing a technical basis for the effective utilization of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the increase in environmental degradation and the deterioration of natural resources, a set of previous studies has focused on clean energy sources, especially biomass energy. Although studies on the effects of biomass energy on economic growth have been given increasing attention recently, this research topic remains insufficiently investigated and the results remain inconclusive. Emerging countries, whether or not they are abundant in natural resources, rely heavily on energy sources that promise economic growth while being clean. This study examines the effects of biomass energy and natural resource rents on economic growth in the case of 14 selected emerging countries during the period 1984–2017, by applying a long-term approach and also following an analysis of various effects under different quantiles. The paper is aimed at developing a sustainable growth model by studying the varying economic effects of biomass energy consumption and natural resource rents (NRR) at different scales of economic growth. The purpose of the paper is, therefore, to verify whether biomass energy as a renewable energy can constitute a lever for economic expansion in different economic cycles. Panel quantile regression was used to analyze the varying effects of biomass energy consumption on economic growth, supported by a long-term analysis based on the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methods. The findings showed that emerging countries did not experience the same effects of biomass energy and natural resource rents on their economic growth. Indeed, the results of the quantile regression support the neutral hypothesis and suggest that biomass energy and natural resource rents do not have positive effects on economic growth whatever the level of economic development of the selected emerging countries. Further analysis revealed that the growth hypothesis is confirmed only for Oil-Rich Emerging Countries (OREC) and for medium and high levels of economic growth. The long-term analysis based on the FMOLS and DOLS techniques also supports the positive effects of biomass energy consumption on economic growth. The findings also indicated that only Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC countries) benefit from positive effects of natural resource rents on economic growth in the long term and for the different quantiles. The originality of this paper lies in its provision of a method for decision makers to reconcile natural resources and biomass energy as a renewable energy source in their economic development strategies based on recorded economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal for a sustainable tomorrow has been in focus for quite some time. The significance of renewable energy in achieving that goal is unavoidable. The necessity for transitioning toward a diverse energy portfolio with renewable energy sources has been established for a low-carbon future. The collective efforts rapidly deploying clean energy sources at multiple levels, from self-consumption facilities to large-scale renewable energy harnessing projects, have been widely encouraged as a social responsibility. The significance of measuring the effectiveness of the put-forth attempts through policies and initiatives is an undebatable fact. This paper attempts to comprehend the existing assessment tools and related literature on the prevalent systems for assessing renewable energy adoption readiness of a country or a region through a systematic literature review. The most relevant published literature was identified with a methodological framework and summarized to understand the explored angles of the research area. The research also makes an attempt to investigate the annual trend in the publication and contributions of authors, affiliations, journals, and articles in the published literature through bibliometric analysis using the "bibliometrix" package of the R Studio platform. The analysis also outlines the trends of the topics of research, methods, and analysis tools used in the field of study, and various approaches used to explore different scenarios. The summarized collection of articles emphasized the role of interdisciplinary research areas in determining the status of a region in the clean energy transition and the relevant need for addressing challenges at multiple scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a financial innovation model to promote sustainable economic development, carbon finance promotes green and inclusive economic development by reshaping the financial system. As a big energy consumer, China has been committed to the green transformation of energy structure, and carbon finance has been regarded as an important tool to support carbon emission reduction. This paper divides carbon finance from three levels, financial macro, environmental governance, and technological development, and selects 17 indexes to measure the development level of carbon finance in China. Time series regression model and the entropy weight method (EWM) are used to analyze the impact of carbon finance on China's energy consumption structure. The empirical results show that carbon finance plays a positive role in promoting China's energy consumption structure, and developing carbon finance is conducive to the use of clean energy and the optimization of energy consumption structure in China; carbon finance can further optimize China's energy consumption structure by investing capital, resources, and technology in industries related to promoting clean energy consumption. Therefore, China should continue to develop carbon finance and promote the establishment of a unified national carbon trading market; at the same time, China should use the CCER trading mechanism to promote the development of renewable energy and enhance the endogenous driving force of energy transformation by promoting technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy plays a significant role in achieving energy savings and emission reduction. As a sustainable and environmental friendly renewable energy power technology, concentrated solar power (CSP) integrates power generation and energy storage to ensure the smooth operation of the power system. However, the cost of CSP is an obstacle hampering the commercialization of this emerging industry, so the paper studies the technical characteristics, economic analysis, and policy implications of CSP. This paper sorts out the relevant policies of CSP and uses the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) model by considering financial parameters, investment parameters, operation and maintenance parameters, tax parameters, capacity parameters, etc., to analyze the economics of CSP. The model parameters are set by the actual situation of CSP projects. The economic evaluation of different technology types of parabolic trough (PT), solar tower (ST), secondary reflection ST, and linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) is carried out. The LCOE of PT project is 1.11 RMB/kWh (0.17 US$/kWh), the ST project is 0.93 RMB/kWh (0.14 US$/kWh), the secondary reflection ST project is 0.97 RMB/kWh (0.15 US$/kWh), and the LFR project is 0.92 RMB/kWh (0.14 US$/kWh). The results show that the grid parity era of CSP in China is within reach, and ST is the most potential technology type. Based on the results of economic analysis and the problems faced by CSP in China, this paper puts forward policy implications by preferential loans, tax incentives, and R&D fund support to promote the development of CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we deviate from the existing literature by disentangling the independent variables into their positive and negative changes to capture asymmetric and dynamic multiplier effects of renewable energy and globalization on carbon neutrality targets within the framework of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. In doing this, the paper uses South African data for the period 1990 to 2018 and the results show that CO2 emissions respond differently to the positive and negative shocks in renewable energy, globalization, and economic growth. The effect of a positive shock in economic growth is inelastic and positively related to CO2 emissions while a negative shock in economic growth has an elastic and negative effect on CO2 emissions. These results hold for both long-run and short-run periods. In the case of globalization, the positive shock increases CO2 emissions while the negative shock decreases CO2 emissions; although the long-run effect of a negative shock is elastic and insignificant while the short-run negative shock exerts an inelastic and significant effect on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, both the upward and downward shocks in renewable energy consumption transmit a negative effect on CO2 emissions in the long-run and short-run periods. Therefore, the paper suggests among others that to effectively decarbonize the South African economy, the use of subsidies, tax credits, tax holidays, and a host of others on green energy activities need to be enhanced as incentives for promoting cleaner energy production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy consumption has a strong impetus in promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, which is a new path leading to clean and low-carbon development. Based on that, this paper uses the data of carbon productivity, renewable energy power consumption level, technological progress, national economic development level, population, energy efficiency, industrial structure rationality, and other data in 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, based on the STIRPAT model, conducts an empirical analysis on the impact of renewable energy power consumption on carbon productivity in Chinese provinces while considering both the spatial horizontal dimension and the temporal vertical dimension. The empirical results show that (1) Chinese carbon productivity presents an obvious spatial spillover effect and presents the spatial positive correlation distribution characteristics of "high-high" type agglomeration and "low-low" type agglomeration. (2) The utilization of renewable energy plays a positive role in promoting the development of low-carbon economy. The perspective of the horizontal spatial dimension shows a positive spatial spillover effect. The perspective of the longitudinal time dimension shows a marginal increase in the overall improvement of the environment. (3) Among the seven regions in China, the consumption of renewable energy in North China, East China, and Central China brings a dominant effect on carbon productivity. (4) About 29% of the positive effect of renewable energy consumption on carbon productivity is indirectly realized by technological progress. Finally, the article puts forward targeted policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China states to build new power system dominated by new energy power to promote the targets for peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Peaking regulation ancillary services provided by coal-fired power units is an essential solution to mitigate the volatility and instability of large-scale renewable energy for China's specific power mix. However, when the coal-fired power units operate at a low power output, the intensity of both coal consumption and carbon emissions gradually rises with the falling output rate. Moreover, cutting down the power output of coal-fired units frequently will damage the technical life. Given the impacts of power market reform and carbon mitigation targets, whether to participate in the energy market or the peaking regulation ancillary service market is an urgent issue for coal-fired power units. Considering the discrepancy in costs and benefits of various units at different output rate, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to solve the issue from the perspective of the coal-fired power generators, in which both economic profit and carbon reduction goals are coordinated. Sequential quadratic programming is adopted to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. In order to study the difference in the decisions made by varied technical units, 7 different types of units are analyzed in the case study. The scenarios analysis indicates that large-capacity and new coal-fired power units are better to participate in energy market since it can give full play to the advantage of higher generation efficiency, while the small-capacity ones are suitable to provide flexible service in the peaking regulation ancillary service market. Besides, simple low-carbon objective will burden the cost of coal-fired power units and challenge the sustainable transition of power system. Hence, the power system should balance both economic profit of generators and national carbon mitigation targets during the low-carbon transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, China pledged to peak its carbon emission before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. These ambitious carbon targets will inevitably boost the development of renewable energy generation, which has advantages from energy and water perspectives but disadvantages from land use perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the interaction among renewable energy development, water consumption as well as land use in the power sector, and determine a reasonable power-related land use range for the land administration in China. In this research, a series of multi-period, multi-regional power system optimization models with different objective functions and constraints are established to study the interrelationship among renewable energy development, water consumption, and land use in the coverage area of China Southern Power Grid from 2018 to 2030, and provide a reasonable land use range for the power sector in this region in 2030. Based on the above calculation results, the development of renewable energy promoted by energy and water policies will increase the land use of power sector under a cost objective function, and the minimum land area demand for this power system in 2030 considering energy and water policies is 24785.14 km2. What is more, according to the influence of land use constraint on the total cost of power sector from 2018 to 2030, this paper selected the increase ratio from 5 to 16% compared with the minimum land area demand as the reasonable land use range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine, for a panel of seven countries from the European Union, spanning the period 1986–2015, whether the use of renewable energy impacts their output elasticities of capital and labor and, thereby, influences the factor shares. By applying a set of models from threshold analysis, the analysis detects—for the first time—the presence of thresholds in the use of renewable energy with nontrivial consequences; notably, once the thresholds are crossed, the output elasticity of capital declines, while the output elasticity of labor rises. These changes in the elasticities indicate substantial changes in factor shares triggered by the identified threshold level of renewable energy consumption. This paper also finds changes in output elasticities of factors of production for other threshold variables including energy production from oil and gas or coal. These findings portray a complex and non-linear relationship between energy sources (e.g., renewables and non-renewables) vis-à-vis the economic growth level (e.g., GDP), with far-reaching consequences for factor shares from using renewables vis-à-vis non-renewables. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the changes in factor shares can, in turn, shape the incentives for the adoption of renewables within the selected European nations. Hence, future economic policies should emphasize the augmentation of renewable energy in the national energy system in order to sustain the rate of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of using renewable energy (RE) sources has increased significantly in recent times, especially considering the growing concerns about climate change problems and rising fossil fuel prices, which pose a significant threat to the national economies. Therefore, empirical studies that can be used both domestically and internationally in harmony can be created in line with rising investments in RE. However, there has no more analysis of RE investments from the viewpoint of investors in the literature up to this point, and it is crucial to highlight the best investor practices when deploying RE. This research provides theoretical and empirical support for the factors influencing RE investments; used in this analysis are newly constructed panel data on 34 OECD countries and the 5 BRICS countries that range from 2000 to 2020. Specifically, the generalized moment method (GMM), robustness check, fixed and random effects models, panel unit testing, and other panel regression techniques were employed in the study to analyze the determinants of RE investment. The main findings of this paper suggest that economic growth, RE policy, and R&D expenditures all have a statistically significant and positive relationship with RE capacity. Furthermore, RE investment is inversely relative to energy use, electricity use, and carbon (CO2) emissions. As a result, rigorous governmental or state regulation (policy, R&D) is essential for RE investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the effect of renewable energy on the drivers of climate change correctly is significant as it is the basic source of climate change mitigation. In the extant literature, its effect on climate change has been estimated predominantly by regressing aggregate rather than sectoral renewable energy use either on aggregate greenhouse gas emissions or the components of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide emissions. Against this backdrop, the paper investigates if we should estimate the nexus (i) by the causal effects running from aggregate or sectoral renewable energy use to GHG emissions and (ii) by the causal effects running from renewable energy consumption to aggregate GHG emissions or to its components like carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. To this end, the paper introduces negative and positive (functional) complementarity between sectoral renewable energy consumptions in reducing or increasing GHG emissions, takes 20 OECD countries from 1990 to 2019, and uses augmented and non-augmented auto-regressive distributed lag approach and vector error correction mechanism. The study finds substantial differences among the results coming out of (i) regressing aggregate and sectoral renewable energy consumption on GHG emissions and (ii) regressing renewable energy consumption on aggregate GHG emissions and on CO2 emissions. The paper suggests regressing sectoral rather than aggregate renewable energy consumption on the components of aggregate GHG emissions like CO2 emissions rather than on aggregate GHG emissions to produce workable, specific, and conclusive policy alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy, as clean and efficient energy, is considered significant support for the construction of a sustainable society in the face of global climate change and the looming energy revolution. Hydrogen is one of the most important chemical substances on earth and can be obtained through various techniques using renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. However, the necessity for a gradual transition to renewable energy sources significantly hampers efforts to identify and implement green hydrogen production paths. Therefore, this paper's objective is to provide a technological review of the systems of hydrogen production from solar and wind energy utilizing several types of water electrolyzers. The current paper starts with a short brief about the different production techniques. A detailed comparison between water electrolyzer types and a complete illustration of hydrogen production techniques using solar and wind are presented with examples, after which an economic assessment of green hydrogen production by comparing the costs of the discussed renewable sources with other production methods. Finally, the challenges that face the mentioned production methods are illuminated in the current review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we use a time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) in conjunction with the extended joint connectedness approach to examine the influences of the economic globalization measured by foreign direct investment (FDI) as well as trade openness (TO), on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, by characterizing the connectedness of these variables, from 1987 to 2020 in Vietnam. Our results demonstrate that abolishing the state monopoly in foreign trade influences the system-wide dynamic connectedness of trade openness, which peaked in 1989. Net total directional connectedness of FDI and energy consumption suggests that both the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy consistently act as net contagion shock receivers, and FDI is a critical net transmitter the whole time. Trade openness behaves consistently as a critical net shock transmitter in 1989 but turned into an essential net receiver from 1990 to 2020. In a system with trade openness, the consumption of non-renewable energy consistently acts as a net contagion shock receiver, and renewable energy consumption is a critical net transmitter in the whole sample. Pairwise connectedness reveals that FDI consistently appears as a shock transmitter to renewable and non-renewable energy consumption. Trade openness could be either a transmitter or a receiver of shock from non-renewable energy, depending on the period, and is a net receiver of shocks from renewable energy consumption during our sample. The findings of this paper are critical for Vietnam's government to make a greater contribution to the expansion of global commerce and a sustainable environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution has aggravated the climate change issues posing unusual challenges to the survival and growth of humanity, including extreme weather, loss of species, and sustainability of the ecosystem in developing countries. Unlike previous studies, this paper adds new dimension to the literature by incorporating corruption into agriculture production-environment nexus. This study adds new dimension to the literature by examining corruption, agriculture, and renewable energy on CO2 emissions. The study therefore examines the effects of governance (corruption) and agriculture production on CO2 emissions in 20 countries in Africa from 1990 to 2019. The study employed recent panel econometric approach which accounts for cross-sectional dependence in the variables. The findings of the fixed effect model and panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) show that forest and renewable energy consumption decrease CO2 emissions. However, corruption, agriculture production, export, and urbanization escalate CO2 emissions in African countries covered in the paper. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Granger causality indicates a bidirectional causality between agriculture production and CO2 emissions, renewable energy use, agricultural output, and forest. Also, unidirectional Granger causality runs from corruption to forest and agriculture production. On these premises, consented efforts by governments should be made to support good institutions in order to promote good governance to avert pervasive consequences of corruption on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite global warming, renewable energy has gained much interest worldwide due to its ability to generate large-scale energy without emitting greenhouse gases. The availability and low cost of wind energy and its high efficiency and technological advancements make it one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Hence, capturing large amounts of wind energy is essential today. The large-scale integration of wind power sources must be evaluated and mitigated to develop a sustainable future power system. Wind energy research and the government are working together to overcome the potential barriers associated with its penetration into the power grid. This paper reviews the social, environmental, and cost-economic impacts of installing large-scale wind energy plants. A valuable review of wind energy technology and its challenges is also presented in this paper, including the effects of wind farms on nearby communities, generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Finally, potential technical challenges to integrating large-scale wind energy into the power grid are reviewed regarding current research and their available mitigation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need to address environmental concerns has led to the adoption of green production targets by businesses worldwide. This paper explores the influence of green financing and technological innovation on green e-commerce as companies seek to achieve these targets. The study uses a qualitative research design, employing semi-structured interviews with industry experts to gather data. The findings indicate that green financing has a significant positive effect on adopting green production practices and implementing green technological innovations, positively impacting green e-commerce. To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and promote long-term economic development, COP 26's guiding principles emphasize the need for robust institutions and environmentally responsible technology innovation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and associated factors will be analyzed in this research for numerous South Asian nations from 1995 to 2020. Institutional and green technological improvements, alternative energy sources, more accessible commerce, population growth, and economic growth are all examples of such factors. With the possibility of residual cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity, the research used second-generation panel methodologies to investigate the interrelationships between the variables. Switching to renewable energy sources and implementing environmentally friendly technology innovations have both been shown to cut CO2 emissions by an empirically supported 0.084% and 0.054%, respectively. There is a 0.215 percentage point deterioration in environmental quality due to poor institutional quality, a growing population, increased trade openness, and a thriving economy. The study concludes that achieving green production targets depend on the availability of green financing and the adoption of green technological innovations in the e-commerce industry. This paper provides insights for policymakers, businesses, and investors interested in promoting sustainable business practices and the achievement of green production targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate change is one of the leading problems in the today’s world. The rise of the renewable energy meets the sustainable growth objectives since it can decelerate the climate change. For this purpose, this paper investigates the relationship between the renewable energy consumption and the economic growth in the United States (USA). Theoretically, the paper constructs the growth model that captures the effects of the economic complexity indicator as a measure of capabilities and productivity for exporting the “complex” (high value-added) products. Empirically, the paper uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimations and observes that both the economic complexity and the renewable energy consumption lead to a higher rate of economic growth in the USA for the period from 1965 to 2016. The paper also discusses the potential policy implications of the results for achieving the sustainable growth objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the renewable energy power generation methods, wind power generation shows a high growth trend. However, while wind power is connected to the grid, the volatility and instability of wind power make the power system produce a lot of uncertain fluctuations, which greatly affects the power quality and jeopardizes the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, high wind speed forecasting accuracy can provide a solid basis for grid management, improve the power system's ability to consume wind power, and ensure the safety and stabilization of the power system. In order to solve the problem of inaccurate prediction caused by the non-linearity and unsteadiness of wind speed series, this paper proposes a Fractal Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (FEEMD)-Permutation Entropy (PE)-Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA)-Error Back Propagation (BP) neural network method for short-term wind speed prediction. This method first uses FEEMD to decompose the original wind speed in order from high to low frequency; then calculates the entropy value of each component, and merges the components with similar entropy values to effectively reduce the computation; and finally, the new sub-series are predicted by SSA-BP model, and the predicted value of the merged new sub-sequences are accumulated to obtain the final wind speed prediction results. The simulation study shows that the proposed prediction model is not only fast and accurate, but also suitable for short-term wind speed prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a hydrogen economy, the primary energy source for industry, transportation, and power production is hydrogen gas. Green hydrogen can be generated and utilized in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner; it seeks to displace fossil fuels. Finding a clean alternative energy source is becoming more crucial due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the major environmental pollution issues they bring when utilized extensively. The paper's objective is to analyze the factors affecting the economy of green hydrogen production pathways for sustainable development to decarbonize the world and the associated challenges faced in terms of technological, social, infrastructure, and people's perceptions while adopting green hydrogen. To achieve this, the research looked at a variety of areas relevant to green hydrogen, such as production techniques, industry applications, benefits for society and the environment, and challenges that need to be overcome before the technology is widely used. The most recent methods of producing hydrogen from fossil fuels, such as steam methane, partial oxidation, autothermal, and plasma reforming, as well as renewable energy sources including biomass and thermochemical reactions and water splitting. Grey hydrogen is now the least expensive type of hydrogen, but, in the future, green hydrogen's levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is expected to be less than $2 per kilogram of hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first comprehensive research to examine the effect of circular economy on environment employing two environmental degradation indicators (CO2 emissions, ecological footprint) and one environmental quality indicator (load capacity factor) for 57 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries during 2000–2019. The effect of other variables such as renewable energy, industrialization, and globalization was also controlled. The study applied the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag method (CS-ARDL), the augmented mean group (AMG), and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) methods as a robustness checks. The empirical findings reveal that circular economy and renewable energy have pro-environmental effects by decreasing carbon emissions and ecological footprint and increasing the load capacity factor in BRI countries. However, industrialization and globalization have detrimental effects on the environment. The result of causality shows a bidirectional causality between renewable energy, circular economy, industrialization, and three environmental indicators, but the relationship of globalization with CO2 emissions and the load capacity factor is unidirectional and with the ecological footprint is bidirectional. All the results are confirmed by the robustness tests. The study suggests policy implications for the BRI government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world faces several problems related to natural gas resource rents and energy production from renewable sources. One of the main problems is the influence of energy imports, manufacturing exports, and alternative energy sources on natural gas and electricity production from renewable sources. Energy imports, manufacturing exports, and alternative energy sources can impact natural gas and electricity production. This paper examines natural gas resource rents and electricity production from renewable sources nexus from 1971 to 2021, using energy imports, manufacturer's exports, and alternative energy sources in China. Electricity production from renewable sources and manufacturing exports are negatively associated with natural gas resource rents. Energy imports and alternative energy sources positively relate to natural gas resource rents in China. These results suggest that the energy sector in China is highly interconnected and that policies that seek to promote renewable energy sources and other alternatives can positively affect natural gas resource rents. China needs to develop an energy policy considering the policy implications of energy imports and natural gas resource rents. Such a policy should focus on increasing domestic production, reducing energy imports, and ensuring adequate revenue from natural gas resource rents. Additionally, regulations could be implemented that support the development of alternative energy sources, such as requiring utilities to purchase a certain percentage of their power from renewable sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the intricate interplay between carbon emissions and foreign direct investment within the context of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) for the period spanning 2000 to 2022. In our comprehensive analysis, we incorporate ecological footprint, renewable energy, globalization, and technological innovations as exogenous variables. Employing a system of simultaneous equations across the BRICS panel, we aim to fully elucidate the proposed relationships. Our empirical findings underscore the following key insights: foreign direct investment, technological innovations, and the adoption of renewable energy sources significantly contribute to the mitigation of carbon emissions in these selected nations. However, it is essential to note that ecological footprints exhibit a positive association with carbon emissions, raising concerns on two fronts: escalating environmental degradation and increased land pressure, both of which contribute to rising ecological footprints in BRICS countries. Additionally, our analysis reveals that foreign direct investment is influenced by its capacity to reduce carbon emissions and bolster renewable energy adoption, while globalization amplifies investment trends within the BRICS nations. To address the environmental repercussions of mining activities, it is imperative to implement stringent control and regulation measures, given their potential adverse impacts, including soil pollution, acid mine drainage, erosion, biodiversity loss, excessive water resource consumption, and wastewater disposal challenges. Nevertheless, proactive steps such as recycling mining waste, adopting environmentally friendly mining equipment, combatting illegal mining, and enhancing overall mining sustainability offer promising avenues to mitigate the environmental footprint of mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for renewable energy sources has increased significantly during the past 15–20 years. Due to this demand, one positive scenario has occurred as there has been a decrease in the use of fossil fuels. Among various usages of the fuels, a significant amount of energy is being used in heating and cooling for commercial, domestic houses, etc. Traditional air conditioning systems use a lot of energy and are particularly inefficient in tropical countries. Earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems can help to reduce the air conditioning demand while also promoting the development of renewable energy. This paper focuses on a review of previous research on this notion for system installation done by earlier researchers. Researchers working on efficient heating and cooling for human comfort will benefit from this review article. The researchers working on EAHE for heating and cooling will benefit from this review paper because it will give them the basic knowledge they need to begin their experimental work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar still, which uses solar renewable energy sources, especially solar energy, to produce pure water, is a promising technology as it is abundantly available and eco-friendly. Researchers have innovated in internal and external designs to enhance distillate productivity in solar desalination systems. The present review paper discusses the major internal modifications done in history and recent past to enhance the distillate output. Six sub-sections have been developed concerning historic internal modifications that discuss types of basin liners, water depth, stones, dyes, phase change materials, and weirs. It has been found that among all the historic internal modifications, phase change materials were the most effective with distillate yield enhancement of up to 80%. The limitation in distillate yield made the researchers to perform further modifications to enhance the productivity, and hence, recent internal designs have also been discussed. Recent internal modifications have six sub-sections: fins, wicks, nanofluids, nanostructures, dynamic modifications, and natural materials. Among the recent, dynamic modifications were the most efficient with productivity enhancement of up to 300%, with a maximum cumulative yield of 8.78 kg/m2/day for the rotating wick solar still compared to CSS which gave only 2.21 kg/m2/day. Such a kind of review work has not been performed till date, which covers all the internal design modifications in one paper exhaustively. Furthermore, gaps have been identified, and future perspectives have been presented in the conclusion section. It has been observed that nanostructures, nanoparticles, and dynamic modifications are the most promising internal modifications in recent times that can boost distillate productivity to a greater degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh has a huge potential for utilizing renewable energy with the availability of sources for solar, wind, hydro, and biogas. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential for renewable energy sources and predicts optimal sites for renewable plant implementation in Bangladesh. A country-wise mapping approach is followed by validation of prediction using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) known as the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) which will aid in the planning and execution of Bangladesh's upcoming expansion of renewable farms and will also be a useful tool for policymakers. Moreover, an economic analysis for 50 MW solar and wind power plant has been presented to estimate the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of the system and society. This work predicts the enormous potential for the expansion of renewable energy by assessing the appropriate future sites, economic viability, and provides several suggestions on the basis of the analysis from Bangladesh's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26182-3 13 Panda S, Akcil A. Securing supplies of technology critical metals: resource recycling and waste management. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26106-1 15 Sahu S, Devi N (2022) Effective leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries using DL-lactic acid as lixiviant and selective separation of metals through precipitation and solvent extraction. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28046-2 9 Marafi M, Stanislaus A. Spent catalyst waste management: a review: part I - developments in hydroprocessing catalyst waste reduction and use. [Extracted from the article]

The environment has become a growing concern for many countries, as pollution and other environmental degradation can harm human health, economic growth, and overall well-being. This paper probes into the asymmetrical implications of economic complexity and freedom on ecological quality in four South Asian countries from 1995 to 2019. Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag methodology approach, our findings indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are intensified by economic freedom both in the long and short term, while negative and positive shocks to economic complexity increase CO2 emissions in the long term. However, a negative economic complexity shock increases CO2 emissions, whereas a positive shock has the opposite effect in the short run. Moreover, our results confirm the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. Furthermore, we find that renewable energy usage and the interaction of FDI and renewable energy usage can help reduce environmental damage in both the short and long run. The findings suggest that countries should focus on attracting foreign direct investment that promotes the use of renewable energy. Additionally, policies aimed at encouraging renewable energy use should be implemented. It is important to note that as economic freedom and complexity increase, there is a corresponding increase in CO2 emissions. Therefore, South Asian policy makers are advised to prioritize the reduction in fossil fuels, the promotion of energy-saving technologies and efficient production, and trade that encourages the transition of renewable energy sources to reduce CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although energy is a necessary component of production and hence a contaminant, the environmental effect varies depending on the type of energy used. Renewable sources of energy can provide ecological advantages, particularly when contrasted with fossil fuels, which emit high levels of CO2 emissions. Thus, the research explores the impact of eco-innovation (ECO), green energy (REC), and globalization (GLOB) on the ecological footprint (ECF) in the BRICS nations using the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (PNARDL) technique between 1990 and 2018. The empirical results indicate that there is cointegration in the model. The results from the PNARDL show that a positive shift in renewable energy, eco-innovation, and globalization decreases the ecological footprint, while positive (negative) shifts in non-renewable energy and economic growth intensify the ecological footprint. The paper suggests several policy recommendations based on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]