1. Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review
- Author
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Peter Elisha Ghamba, Isa Muhammad Daneji, Muhammad Hamis Musa, Anthony Uchenna Emeribe, Pius Omoruyi Omosigho, Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Sanusi Musa, Lawal Olayemi, Odunayo O.R. Ajagbe, Chukwudi Crescent Okume, Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe, Zakariyya Muhammad Bello, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, Abubakar Muhammad Gwarzo, Samuel Ayobami Fasogbon, and Nkechi Blessing Onukegbe
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,West Nile virus ,Nigeria ,medicine.disease_cause ,Immunoglobulin G ,03 medical and health sciences ,Zoonosis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Seroprevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,One Health ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Immunoglobulin M ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Pooled prevalence ,Systematic Review ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. This study investigated the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of eligible studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from January 1, 1950 to August 30, 2020. Peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies describing WNV infections in humans and animals were systematically reviewed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic. RESULTS Eighteen out of 432 available search output were eligible and included for this study. Of which 13 and 5 were WNV studies on humans and animals, respectively. Although 61.5% of the human studies had a low risk of bias, they all had high heterogeneity. The South West geopolitical zone of Nigeria had the highest pooled prevalence of anti-WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM; 7.8% in humans). The pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 to 8.3) and 76.5% (95% CI, 74.0 to 78.8), respectively. The WNV RNA prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9), while 14.3% (95% CI, 12.9 to 15.8) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. In animals, the pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and IgG was 90.3% (95% CI, 84.3 to 94.6) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.9 to 5.8), respectively, while 20.0% (95% CI, 12.9 to 21.4) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. Age (odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 1.87 to 7.45; p
- Published
- 2020