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Objectives: We aimed to determine the incidence of periodic and rhythmic patterns (PRP), assess the interrater agreement between electroencephalographers scoring PRP using standardized terminology, and analyze associations between PRP and electrographic seizures (ES) in critically ill children. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive critically ill children undergoing continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (CEEG). PRP were identified by one electroencephalographer, and then two pediatric electroencephalographers independently scored the first 1‐h epoch that contained PRP using standardized terminology. We determined the incidence of PRPs, evaluated interrater agreement between electroencephalographers scoring PRP, and evaluated associations between PRP and ES. Results: One thousand three hundred ninety‐nine patients underwent CEEG. ES occurred in 345 (25%) subjects. PRP, ES + PRP, and ictal–interictal continuum (IIC) patterns occurred in 142 (10%), 81 (6%), and 93 (7%) subjects, respectively. The most common PRP were generalized periodic discharges (GPD; 43, 30%), lateralized periodic discharges (LPD; 34, 24%), generalized rhythmic delta activity (GRDA; 34, 24%), bilateral independent periodic discharges (BIPD; 14, 10%), and lateralized rhythmic delta activity (LRDA; 11, 8%). ES risk varied by PRP type (p <.01). ES occurrence was associated with GPD (odds ratio [OR] = 6.35, p <.01), LPD (OR = 10.45, p <.01), BIPD (OR = 6.77, p <.01), and LRDA (OR = 6.58, p <.01). Some modifying features increased the risk of ES for each of those PRP. GRDA was not significantly associated with ES (OR = 1.34, p =.44). Each of the IIC patterns was associated with ES (OR = 6.83–8.81, p <.01). ES and PRP occurred within 6 h (before or after) in 45 (56%) subjects. Significance: PRP occurred in 10% of critically ill children who underwent CEEG. The most common patterns were GPD, LPD, GRDA, BIPD, and LRDA. The GPD, LPD, BIPD, LRDA, and IIC patterns were associated with ES. GRDA was not associated with ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Improvement in epilepsy care requires standardized methods to assess disease severity. We report the results of implementing common data elements (CDEs) to document epilepsy history data in the electronic medical record (EMR) after 12 months of clinical use in outpatient encounters. Methods: Data regarding seizure frequency were collected during routine clinical encounters using a CDE‐based form within our EMR. We extracted CDE data from the EMR and developed measurements for seizure severity and seizure improvement scores. Seizure burden and improvement was evaluated by patient demographic and encounter variables for in‐person and telemedicine encounters. Results: We assessed a total of 1696 encounters in 1038 individuals with childhood epilepsies between September 6, 2019 and September 11, 2020 contributed by 32 distinct providers. Childhood absence epilepsy (n = 121), Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (n = 86), and Dravet syndrome (n = 42) were the most common epilepsy syndromes. Overall, 43% (737/1696) of individuals had at least monthly seizures, 17% (296/1696) had a least daily seizures, and 18% (311/1696) were seizure‐free for >12 months. Quantification of absolute seizure burden and changes in seizure burden over time differed between epilepsy syndromes, including high and persistent seizure burden in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome. Individuals seen via telemedicine or in‐person encounters had comparable seizure frequencies. Individuals identifying as Hispanic/Latino, particularly from postal codes with lower median household incomes, were more likely to have ongoing seizures that worsened over time. Significance: Standardized documentation of clinical data in childhood epilepsies through CDE can be implemented in routine clinical care at scale and enables assessment of disease burden, including characterization of seizure burden over time. Our data provide insights into heterogeneous patterns of seizure control in common pediatric epilepsy syndromes and will inform future initiatives focusing on patient‐centered outcomes in childhood epilepsies, including the impact of telemedicine and health care disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]