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Objective: To analyze the state and community efforts to face both environmental problems and health effects in the country through two different strategies: 1) the Environmental Emergency Regions (REA) and 2) the Tayolchikawalis strategy (ET) of the Regional Agricultural Cooperative Society "Tosepan Titataniske" (Tosepan Titataniske Society (STT)). Methodology: A case analysis was carried out based on the physical review of the social and environmental situation in the territory, as well as the verification of the collective efforts to face the environmental problems that affected them. Results: It was observed that community processes are oriented towards solidarity development with collective participation, while REAs are projects focused on environmental recovery objectives with more limited social participation. Limitations: The main and most important difficulty in carrying out this work were the risks due to the health crisis that hindered some of the visits, interviews, and consultations. Conclusion: Both social efforts and the interest of the State manifest positive effects for territorial environmental recovery, but the social fabric can only be reestablished when the importance of collective participation in the planning and development of these projects is recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of non-timber forest products is associated with the conservation of eco-systems and the generation of income for forest inhabitants. However, this is not an automatic correlation. In the Lacandon Forest, the sale of camedor palm does generate income for local communities, but appears to have resulted in an over-exploitation of the resource. The government has attempted to regulate this activity through Wildlife Conservation Management Units (UMAs), but with limited environmental and social outcomes. We describe the harvesting and production of camedor palm in the Lacandon region and analyze the effectiveness of the UMAs, concluding that their limitations are the result of the instrument's emphasis on technical and normative aspects rather than on processes of negotiation and conciliation amongst stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental policy in Mexico is already part of the national security agenda. However, one of its key planning instruments, the OET (Ecological and Territorial Planning), is not having the expected impact. Indigenous peoples and territories should be considered as a strategic sector, should OET is to be implemented. However a closer look into the current state of affairs is necessary. Therefore, a socio-environmental analysis is performed on the Sonora biocultural complexes, from the political ecology and biocultural perspectives. This interdisciplinary analysis conjugates the epistemologies and methodologies of the social and ecological sciences. The socio-environ-mental analysis is organized using two major themes, contemporary territorialiry and indigenous community. We conclude that OET in its actual format is not operational, thus, several recommendations to increase its efficiency are presented. Lastly, we underline the importance of attention to biocultural complexes as a first step towards environmental justice, as well as its capacity to influence in favor of global environ-mental issues, such as climate change and water quality and availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]