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The activities carried out by parental that aim at the survival and the development of the children suffer interference from different factors, between them the parental personality. Investigating this relationship may contribute with information about the individual characteristics that are most likely to provide care and those associated with risk factors. The objective of this article was to review the results of studies about parental personality and parenting. The search was performed in Capes Periódicos, PubMed and BVS-Psi databases with the keywords: "parenting" and "parental personality". Among the 137 studies found, 18 have met the inclusion criteria. It has been found only international papers and it was noted a trend to use the term "parental personality" was shown, without differentiating the aspects related to the father and the mother in the results. The predominant theoretical model was the Big Five Factor Model. The personality dimensions of extroversion and amability were related to warm and responsive parenting; neuroticism to stiffness or permissiveness; openness to experience to flexibility; and conscientiousness to the imposition of limits in education. It was concluded that the personality characteristics of fathers and mothers can have repercussions on different behaviors in relation to parenthood. It is recommended for future research the investigation of aspects related only to the father and the mother that differentiate the type of interaction parents-children with respect to the gender of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]