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There is an agreement about the role of literature in Brazil in the assimilation of the European sociological contributions in the end of 19th century, particularly the influence of social Darwinism and Determinism on the discussions about race and context. The movement known as regionalist literature was deeply influenced by these themes. This paper aims to reflect on the works of this literary movement, whose authors dedicated themselves to the theme of drought in Northeast Brazil, pointing to some of its repercussions on the construction of an alleged Northeastern identity. The paper is divided in two parts. The first deals with the idea of the Northeast as a constructed region and the emersion of drought as a social calamity. In the second part, the drought in the regionalist novel is discussed, highlighting the discursive elements that express social relations in cities that acted as “receptors” of rural populations during drought periods. It concludes that these novels had a denunciative role, but they rarely reflect the reactions of the political subjects. They therefore contribute with the reproduction of old images as symbols that stigmatize identity and political actions much more related to permanence than to change.Keywords: regionalist literature; Northeast; drought images.How to citeCOSTA, Liduina Farias Almeida da. Entre a denuncia e o fatalismo: natureza, sociedade e sertanejos-retirantes na literatura que evoca o Nordeste das secas. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 571-593, out. 2020. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-4.Received on August 1, 2020. Accepted on August 28, 2020.

Incident in Antares, book by Erico Verissimo, is divided into two parts. The first, Antares, refers to the historical process of formation of political-social relations in this imaginary municipality of Rio Grande do Sul’s interior. In the Incident part the author exposes the underbelly of Brazilian private life. In both, however, the author examines carefully the intricacies of an extremely corrupt and decomposed public-institutional apparatus, as if it were the interior of what could be the first national institution, the family. Starting from the idea that Antares can be historically read as a social laboratory of Brazilian political-social relations, the article takes as object the first part of the book so as to establish, through the events and facts presented, a reflective dialogue with other interpreters of Brazilian social thought. To this end, in order to preserve the historical coherence and ambience that inspired its creator, almost all the authors selected here either wrote before the publication of Verissimo's book or are his contemporaries.Keywords: interpretations of Brazil; Brazilian social thought; Incident in Antares; authoritarianism; coronelismo.How to citeGERHARDT, Cleyton. Interpretando Antares – um laboratorio das relacoes politico-sociais a brasileira. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 508-549, out. 2020. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-2.Received on July 18, 2020. Accepted on August 31, 2020.

The study sought to unveil the factors that hinder the touch exam, analyzing and discussing aspects such as identity, subjectivity and gender, with a view to understanding how the Integral Care Policy's interdiction or compromise mechanism occurred. It aimed to analyze the complex and conflicting nature of the touch exam and its implications for gender studies. The methodology of a qualitative nature and with an interpretive bias was supported by the phenomenological approach, whose path was: analysis and theoretical interpretation of studies and documents related to the object of studies; elaboration and application of an interview script (recorded, transcribed and analyzed) with 31 volunteers – all men, over 45 years old and residents of the rural community of Alexandria / RN, at the Manicoba and Cacimba de Cima sites; interpretation of results and considerations. The results showed that men sought health posts infrequently, justifying the absence of need. In contrast, attitudes and affirmations of masculinity / virility were noted that overlapped any demand in the health field, especially when dealing with serious diseases, such as prostate cancer. It was noticed that the subjectivity of the exam, where the man's body is touched, seems to be more significant than the self-care. It was evident in the rural communities studied, the need to create and strengthen professional staff to act in the fight against prejudice and in the elaboration of solid planning in the field of men's health.Keywords: identity; subjectivity; public health policies; semiarid.How to citeOLIVEIRA, Andre Luiz Abrantes; SOUZA, Bertulino Jose de. Politicas publicas de saude do homem do campo no semiarido nordestino. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 644-675, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-7.Received on May 25, 2020. Accepted on August 31, 2020.

This article focuses on the study of socioenvironmental and territorial conflicts, experienced by three Geraizeiras communities in the north of Minas Gerais State. The text starts from the premise that the resistance and struggles for the territorial recovery of the Geraizeiros, which began around the 2000s, were triggered by worsening water scarcity. The realization that the decrease in water from its natural sources was caused by the presence of extensive eucalyptus monocultures in the plateaus and other forms of environmental degradation, led communities to reorganize and reaffirm their identity in the struggle for rights. The Geraizeira identity construction is reaffirmed in the conflict, manifested explicitly from an antagonism with groups that usurped their traditional territories. The strong collective cohesion – maintaining and intensifying reciprocal ties observed among community members in the search for water restoration and conservation of Cerrado biodiversity – has led to the understanding that the struggle for water is now part of this identity construct.Keywords: Geraizeiras communities; identity; traditional territories; water.How to citeSOUZA, Jonielson Ribeiro de; SAUER, Sergio. Antagonismo e reciprocidade na (re)afirmacao identitaria dos geraizeiros: luta por territorio e agua no norte de Minas Gerais. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 676-699, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-8.Received on June 5, 2020. Accepted on August 21, 2020.

Based on a discussion about the origins of regionalism in the Brazilian literary historiography (CANDIDO, 1975, 2000, 2014), this study analyses the representation of sertao rural space in the novel Outros Cantos, by the writer Maria Valeria Rezende (2016). Based on the anthropological perspective of Darcy Ribeiro (2006) and the contributions by Moreira (2016), this paper debates the social conflicts arising from asymmetric power relations involving hierarchical categories of class to comprehend the new outlines that trace the northeastern sertao within the globalized world and how this space turns up resignified in Brazilian contemporary literature (SANTINI, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014).Keywords: Brazilian contemporary literature; Maria Valeria Rezende; sertao.How to citeSANT'ANA, Renata Cristina. Os (re)significados do sertao em ‘Outros Cantos’ de Maria Valeria Rezende. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 624-643, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-6.Received on August 2, 2020. Accepted on August 28, 2020.

This article focuses on the political and social dynamics involved in the institutionalization of the Ecoforte Program - Agroecology, Extractivist and Organic Production Networks, within the scope of the National Policy for Agroecology and Organic Production - PNAPO. The creation of this public policy is associated with a broader trajectory of interactions established between government agents and social organizations, which made it possible for agroecology to expand its space of legitimacy as a reference in public policy. Considering the conceptual and operational innovations incorporated within Ecoforte, special attention was paid to the participatory processes involved in the instrumentation of the program, mobilizing perspectives of analysis developed within French sociology, that question the neutrality of public policy instruments, drawing attention to the effects of these devices in ordering the relations established by the State with its publics. It is noteworthy that the incorporation by Ecoforte of concepts and modes of operation developed in a process of dialogue with social organizations allowed the program to better adapt to the diversity and multilinearity of the agroecological transition processes experienced in the territories. The research results presented here were generated through an action research project coordinated by the National Articulation of Agroecology (ANA) that sought to systematize the experience of 25 agroecology networks supported by Ecoforte's first call for proposals, including, also, an analysis of the political trajectory and institutional construction of PNAPO and Ecoforte based on literature review, document analysis and interviews with key actors.Keywords: agroecology; public policy; Ecoforte Program.Article received on March 9, 2020. Accepted on April 29, 2020.How to citeSCHMITT, Claudia Job; PORTO, Silvio Isoppo; MONTEIRO, Denis; LOPES, Helena Rodrigues. Fortalecendo redes territoriais de agroecologia, extrativismo e producao orgânica: a instrumentacao da acao publica no Programa Ecoforte. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 312-338, jun. 2020.

The expansion of the agricultural frontier is a reality in the Amazon region and in the State of Para, agricultural activities have moved to the Southwest mesoregion of the state, implying in the increase of deforestation in the municipalities embargoed and priority sayings according to the Green Municipalities Program (PMV). Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the advance of the agricultural frontier in view of the PMV policy that prioritizes its actions to combat deforestation in the so-called embargoed municipalities, diametrically opposed to the group of green municipalities (MVs), which according to the PMV, has lower risk of deforestation in the State of Para. It was verified that among the municipalities controlled (green municipalities)by the PMV deforestation remained stable and among the priority municipalities, deforestation increased substantially in the period from 2004 to 2016 even in the face of the impositions imposed by the program. Concomitantly, a large part of these municipalities are in the new frontier expansion areas, and the growth of agricultural and logging activities in terms of quantity and monetary values has stimulated this displacement. Energy projects and opening roads also contribute to this scenario. The inflection of environmental policies and the effective municipal environmental management that permeates the emerging concept of local governance are fundamental for the control of deforestation in Para.Keywords: deforestation; frontier; priority municipalities.Article received on September 23, 2019. Accepted on March 9, 2020.How to citeCASTELO, Thiago Bandeira; ADAMI, Marcos; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos. Fronteira Agricola e a politica de priorizacao dos municipios no combate ao desmatamento no estado do Para, Amazonia. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 434-457, jun. 2020.

The purpose of this article is to analyze connections between changing tenure structure in the Brazilian semi-arid backland and the presence of small properties, in particular those linked to family farming. Dialogue with the literature on the Brazilian Northeast challenged us to problematize the dynamics that led to the fragmentation of large property in the referred region. Based on a qualitative and quantitative research effort, empirical work was carried out in the region of the Paraiba backlands, specifically in the Serra do Teixeira micro-region, guided by the following two questions: (1) which elements made possible the constitution of the image of the Northeastern Sertao as a space of the latifundio and of large property holding? (2) what ideas were the bases for representations of the origin of family farming in the Paraiba State countryside? Our intention is, based on empirical evidence not yet problematized about the Brazilian Northeast, to build guiding hypotheses for interpretations about the constitution of social groups and rural spaces in the Northeastern backland, particularly with reference to the consolidation of family farming in this space.Keywords: land ownership structure; Northeast Brazil’s backland; family farming.Article received on August 30, 2019. Accepted on February 26, 2020.How to citeMAIA, Kaliane de Freitas; GOMES, Ramonildes Alves. Mudancas na estrutura fundiaria do Sertao Paraibano e suas implicacoes para a consolidacao da agricultura familiar. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 259-283, jun. 2020.

The election of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency of the Republic led significant fractions of agribusiness to compose his power bloc, suggesting an important change in the shaping of internal hegemony of the sector. We seek to argue that it is the position occupied by the national economy in the new global capital structure that gives the sector a permanent place in the power bloc in contemporary times. At the same time, it is the internal political conditions of the class struggle that gives rise to the forces that drive agribusiness under certain historical circumstances, operating the sector's political-institutional management from the state. Our analysis is based on conjuncture analysis as a type of interdisciplinary investigation that aims at identifying trends and forces operating in society, articulated with historical-critical analysis. With this, we aim to indicate which are the political forces of this sector that are affirmed in Bolsonaro´s government, as well as its programmatic agenda.Keywords: Bolsonaro government; agribusiness; rural employers; the new management of capital in the countryside.Article received on October 9, 2019. Accepted on February 21, 2020.How to citeFIRMIANO, Frederico Daia. “Quem lamenta os estragos – se os frutos sao prazeres?” O bloco de poder agro do governo Bolsonaro. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 364-387, jun. 2020.

In this article it is presented the case of the ecological agriculture of Ipe and Antonio Prado in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The objective is to analyze the process of sociotechnical change, identifying the innovations produced and the relationships and mechanisms by which these innovations acquire the quality of novelty and, thus, form a process of agroecological transition of these municipalities. The main theoretical references are the Multilevel Perspective of Transitions Analysis (PMN) and the 'novelty production' approach in agriculture. The data and information presented were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation with environmental technicians and farmers during 2012-13, and updated in 2017-2018. Technical documents produced by farmers and environmental technicians of the municipality were also used for the analysis. It could be observed that, once families opt for agriculture without agrochemicals, which is locally called ecological agriculture, and started to market the products of this agriculture at a fair in Porto Alegre, a process of linked and correlated changes begins, regarding other aspects of the material production and the institutional environment in which the families operate. In this connection, other innovations emerge, such as new farming techniques, new production inputs, new equipment, changes in food legislation, new processed products, new marketing spaces, new associations and groups of ecological farmers. This multidimensional character of the changes that have taken place allows the delineation of a 'web' of innovations, or of a niche of innovation in ecological agriculture, which represents the local level of the agroecological transition process.Keywords: innovation; novelties; agroecological transition.Article received on October 11, 2019. Accepted on March 3, 2020.How to citeOLIVEIRA, Daniela. Inovacao e transicao agroecologica em Ipe e Antonio Prado/RS. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 339-363, jun. 2020.

The mechanization of sugarcane harvest by mills in the State of Sao Paulo intensified in the decade of 2010, resulting in a significant drop in employment. A harvester replaces an average of 80 workers. This article aims to analyze the impacts of that process on the employment strategies of migrant workers from rural areas of the Northeast region of Brazil. Considering that the municipalities where they live have few economic opportunities, they need to migrate to other localities to work in agriculture, industry, construction or commerce, such as the sale of clothing and other items. The article is based on research that was carried out in the region of the Sertaode Cajazeiras, Paraibastate, with families in which the men migrated to temporary jobs in the period from 2011 to 2015. The methodology used was ethnographic observation and oral history, using semi-structured interviews, direct observation and quantitative data collected by other sources.Keywords: migrant workers; temporary migration; sugarcane mills; agricultural mechanization.Article received on November 25, 2019. Accepted on March 17, 2020.How to citeCOVER, Maciel; MENEZES, Marilda Aparecida. Estrategias de renda de trabalhadores migrantes e a mecanizacao da colheita de cana-de-acucar: um olhar desde o Sertao Paraibano. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 458-475, jun. 2020.

Research and extension in communities or territories make up a meeting between two cultures, two subjects, with very different subjectivities, in their way of conceiving this relation. These academic activities can be seen from the point of view of intervention, with elements of popular education, for the participation of the subjects. Thus, the purpose of this essay is to discuss the interaction and knowledge made possible by popular education as a mediator in obtaining data and returning it to the subjects studied, from the perspective of social transformation. This question originated in the interaction between the researcher and several subjects surveyed in the semi-arid North of Minas Gerais and the Jequitinhonha Valley. The action of educational intervention by the public university with society invariably generates impacts on the population. This contributes to the transformation of the realities of the subjects, either in their personal transformation or in the transformation and development of the place studied, reaffirming their identity and ethnicity in coexistence with their territorial ecosystems.Keywords: extension; education for participation; qualitative research; popular knowledge; social development.Article received on December 17, 2019. Accepted on March 13, 2020.How to citeLOPES, Frederico Antonio Mineiro. Intervencao, pesquisa e interacao dialogica entre os conhecimentos popular e academico. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 476-496, jun. 2020.

Family farming is challenged by participating in Long Supply Chains. In this context, production processes must be communicated to the market through quality labels. The product’s added value increases when concepts related to the labels are known by consumers. The objective of this work was to evaluate consumers’ knowledge about quality labeling concepts, in Dracena (Sao Paulo State). For this, 257 personal interviews were conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire, between April and June 2018. The results indicate that 1/3 of consumers are unaware of organic farming and just over half are unaware of family farming concepts. Quilombo and fair-trade products are virtually unknown in Dracena. There was a positive relationship between educational attainment levels and knowledge of family farming and organic products. In conclusion, the work has shown the need for an extensive and continuous consumer information campaign on quality labelling.Keywords: Family Farming Identification Label (Sipaf); Brazilian Quilombo Label; FairTrade Label; Brazil Organic Product Label; Long Supply Chain.GROOT, Etienne. Conhecimento sobre os conceitos de selos de qualidade vinculados a agricultura familiar. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 136-155, fev. 2020.Submitted on October 7, 2019.Accepted on January 8, 2020.

This article aims to describe the dynamics of community associativity and local rural entrepreneurship policies based on the experience of three associations of the village of Tribunas Corcega in the municipality of Pereira, Colombia for the year 2018. Methodologically, a timeline and a survey of open-ended questions to association leaders were applied. By way of results, diverse associative processes are evident, as well as the execution of policies for rural entrepreneurship in the territory. However, the associations face great internal and external weaknesses that limit their enterprises. At the end it is concluded that there is a multifunctionality consistent with the organizational forms adopted by the communities. In contrast, there is evidence of low access to municipal policies of entrepreneurship and, therefore, some potentials that need to be developed.Keywords: community associativity; rural entrepreneurship; public policy; Colombia.CALDERON, Patricia Elena Giraldo; CARDONA, Maicol Lopera; ACEVEDO, Marleny Cardona. La asociatividad comunitaria para el emprendimiento rural: la experiencia de tres asociaciones del corregimiento de Tribunas Corcega, Pereira. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 208-226, fev. 2020.Submitted on July 29, 2019.Accepted on October 28, 2019.

Currently, soybean cultivation requires producers to have astute technological, managerial, financial and productive knowledge, especially because it is a standardized product, with an internationally defined price, based on global trade and controlled by transnational companies. The interaction between yield by area, cost of production and selling price defines whether the producer will end the production cycle with a positive or negative balance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the return of soybean production in Paraguay between 2002/03 and 2018/19, noting the variations over the years and their effects on producers. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach, such as literature review, statistical data analysis, questionnaire application with 77 soybean producers and 8 former producers and interviews with representatives of 45 companies in the sector. The results show that there is a strong variation in the net profit margin of soybeans according to the harvest year and the producer profile, whose most evident effect is the exclusion of some producers and the concentration in those with larger area and productive efficiency.Keywords: soybean market; farmers; profitability; Paraguay.WESZ JUNIOR, Valdemar Joao. A rentabilidade dos produtores de soja no Paraguai: concentracao e exclusao. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 156-179, fev. 2020.Submitted on November 5, 2019.Accepted on January 6, 2020.

O artigo “A política de silêncio do problema agrário brasileiro” desenvolve uma reflexão em torno da marginalização do tema da reforma agrária ao longo dos anos recentes, a partir das pistas reveladas por uma rememoração local truncada, recolhida em um trabalho de campo realizado em 2016 e 2017, sobre um conflito fundiário da década de 1950, no Paraná. A hipótese do artigo é que o silenciamento sobre o problema agrário brasileiro e a consequente marginalização e fragilidade política das políticas públicas voltadas à população pobre do campo são produtos da “memória dividida” associada à forma como se produz e se reproduz a expansão do capitalismo no campo. Exalta-se o progresso trazido pelos “empresários” e, ao mesmo tempo, se expressa ambivalência com relação à violência que estabeleceu estes empreendimentos nestas regiões.

As regioes do estado do Rio de Janeiro apresentam diferentes condicoes climaticas, de relevo, de estrutura fundiaria, e foram marcadas por processos historicos de formacao diferenciados. Disso resultam distintas dinâmicas produtivas regionais, em particular na agricultura. Com o uso de medidas de concentracao, diversificacao, especializacao e localizacao, buscou-se caracterizar as diferencas regionais quanto a producao agropecuaria do estado, considerando-se os segmentos familiar e nao familiar. Foram observadas significativas diferencas regionais quanto aos indices calculados, e constatada a importância da agricultura familiar, principalmente nas regioes Noroeste, Centro e na Metropolitana, onde se destacam, respectivamente, as microrregioes Santo Antonio de Padua, Nova Friburgo e Serrana. Como os melhores indices de diversificacao encontram-se nessa agricultura, seu papel na diversificacao da economia agricola do estado tem sido marcante.Palavras-chave: economia regional; desigualdades; agricultura familiar. SOUZA, Paulo Marcelo de; SOUZA, Hadma Milaneze de; FORNAZIER, Armando; PONCIANO, Niraldo Jose. Analise regional da producao agropecuaria do Rio de Janeiro, considerando-se os segmentos familiar e nao familiar. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 645-670, out. 2019.Recebido em maio de 2019.Aceito em agosto de 2019.

The United States has recorded strong growth in organic produce, as measured both by arable land devoted to organics and the value of the organic products market. Among the countries that produce such products, it is the third largest country in terms of arable land devoted to organic production. Furthermore, the U.S. has the highest consumption of organic products. The decision made by small producers when choosing which sales channels to access is a complicated issue. In California, the state with the largest amount of land used for organic farming, small organic producers use between two and four distribution channels to sell their products. The principal objective of this article is to identify the extent to which the main distribution channels used by producers to sell their products result in value capture by the producer or its distribution channels. The study finds that producers concentrate their sales in channels where they capture the most value and use secondary channels to dispose of product that cannot be readily sold through priority channels. Furthermore, producers use direct sales channels, such as farmers’ markets – despite the highly specific assets involved in this transaction due to the large investments needed to access them – because they provide the greatest return in terms of product value among the various distribution channels.Keywords: organic; produce; value capture; distribution channels; supply chain.SCALCO, Andrea Rossi; BAKER, Gregory A. Value capture analysis of small organic growers and their distribution channels in California. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 566-589, out. 2019.Submitted in March 2019.Accepted in July 2019.

The article performs a critical analysis of the recent trajectory of the commodity boom, focusing on the strategies of construction of economic corridors centered on the dynamics of land expropriation and exploitation of natural resources. We discuss the Nacala Corridor, in Mozambique, the preferred destiny of ​​Brazilian investments in the country (in particular, that of the mining company Vale) and a point of convergence for many projects of international organizations and transnational corporations. We defend a view that the Corridor has operated as a privileged space of articulation and convergence of the interests of different actors, both national and international, highlighting the central role of the Mozambican State. The article demonstrates that investments in logistics megaprojects, in addition to their direct effects in the territory, prepare the ground for the expansion of agribusiness and mineral exploration in an uneven and concentrated dynamic that opens up new frontiers for capital accumulation. In addition, with the article, we intend to build a theoretical framework that dialogues with two field surveys carried out in Mozambique, in the Nacala Corridor (2014 and 2017).Keywords: economic corridors; land; development.KATO, Karina Yoshie Martins. Tracando a saida para o desenvolvimento: o caso do Corredor de Nacala em Mocambique. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 2, p. 229-254, jun. 2019.Submitted in february 2019.Accepted in april 2019.

Resenha do livro Gilberto Freyre e José Lins do Rego: diálogos do senhor da casa-grande com o menino de engenho.

As paisagens rurais, produto da história de antropização dos sistemas naturais, apresentam novas feições, no atual período em que as necessidades de ganhos financeiros aceleram cada vez mais os processos de exploração econômica dos recursos existentes. Nesta trama que envolve relações econômicas, sociais, culturais e ambientais, nos propomos a apresentar, com este trabalho, as transformações produtivas que implicaram mudanças nas paisagens rurais no oeste catarinense, no período de 1997 a 2016, a partir de dados do uso do solo pela agricultura e a pecuária. Os dados utilizados são da Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal – PAM e Pesquisa da Pecuária Municipal – PPM, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. A apresentação é realizada a partir de mapas temáticos, tendo como base organizativa as cinco Unidades de Paisagem Regional (WELTER, 2006). Observamos uma mudança estrutural intensa nas paisagens rurais regionais, com a reorganização dos espaços de produção agropecuária de acordo com a estrutura física, técnica, tecnologias aplicadas e o histórico de ocupação antrópica, provocada pela demanda de commodities agropecuárias.

Buscando discutir as questões sobre a crescente produção de alimentos o professor do Departamento de Sociologia do Desenvolvimento da Universidade de Cornell nos Estados Unidos, Philip McMichael, escreve o livro Regimes alimentares e questões agrárias com o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento do capitalismo na agricultura por meio dos conceitos de regimes alimentares e questões agrárias, posicionando o alimento como fator central da questão agrária, sem questionar a relevância da disputa por terra. Dividida em duas partes, onde a primeira é subdividida em três capítulos que discute a ideia sobre o regime alimentar e seus aspectos históricos. Com uma a abordagem direcionada para roborar de maneira transcendente como cada um dos três regimes alimentares contribuíram na transição de elementos de um regime ao outro, de modo reestruturado. Em sua segunda parte, o autor retoma a discussão sobre o regime alimentar, construindo um paralelo dos três ciclos do regime e suas transições, expondo as repercussões em regiões distintas, no Leste Asiático, latino-americana e Oriente Médio. Por fim, o amplo debate da obra sobre o mundo agrário, desde uma perspectiva histórica e rica em casos empíricos, acende ainda a discussão sobre a soberania alimentar, e os rumos que esta tem tomado, nos fazendo questionar qual o papel social da alimentação.

This article presents the context of handicrafts in the Quarta Colonia territory, Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting its latent potential to become a territorial asset that can be mobilized by institutional actors, especially if it is dynamized within a basket of goods and services that gravitate around the Italian as a collective identity image articulated with the asset of greatest expression and media visibility of the territory, that of gastronomy. The study has a qualitative character, with the adoption of an interpretative research approach, and the methodological approach included documentary analysis, observations and semi-structured interviews with qualified interlocutors involved in the context of Quarta Colonia handicrafts. It is understood that handicrafts can contribute to the strengthening of a composite and territorialized supply of the basket of goodstype, reinforcing the image of global quality of the Quarta Colonia territory.Keywords: handicrafts; basket of goods and services; Quarta Colonia; territory.MELLO, Carolina Iuva de; FROEHLICH, Jose Marcos. O bem que falta na cesta: o artesanato no territorio Quarta Colonia, RS. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 2, p. 282-306, jun. 2019.Submitted in february 2019.Accepted in april 2019.

The objective of this study is to analyze the territorial policies introduced from a multidimensional perspective of local identities as instruments that give new meaning to or dynamize the Acu-Mossoro and Sertao do Apodi territories, from Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The methodology, developed for the entire country by the Department of Territorial Development of the Ministry of Agrarian Development (SDT/MDA), was based in particular on the comparison of the two territories, considering the indicators of identity and the production of space, derived from the economic activities that contributed over time to the construction of the elements of identity. As a result, it was verified that the productive identity of the Acu-Mossoro and Sertao do Apodi territories changed through a process of productive restructuring that has reconfigured space and the relations between actors. On the other hand, regional policies introduced in the 1980s, which relegated to this space a dismantling of local identities and the construction of dependence and exclusion for many family farmers. But, this context was reversed beginning in the years 1990-2000, according to the perception of the interviewees, by territorial policies that seek to consider the collective capacity of the actors, to restore and value their territorial identities.Keywords: restructuring; family farming; territorial identity; territory.NUNES, Emanoel Marcio; GONDIM, Maria de Fatima Rocha; SILVA, Marcia Regina Farias da. Identidade e reestruturacao produtiva nos territorios Acu-Mossoro e Sertao do Apodi, no Rio Grande do Norte. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 1, p. 137-166, fev. 2019.Submitted in february 2018.Accepted in december 2018.

The concept of marginalization allows knowing the "assets" or tools whose access determines the ability to move out of poverty. In this article an attempt is made to verify whether in a rural area the distance to the nearest urban center and the population density are "assets" that determine poverty. A descriptive analysis shows how poverty in the communities farthest removed from the nearest urban center and less dense is almost 30 points greater than overall rural poverty and 40 points greater than that of the provincial total. Quantitative analysis through regression models shows how both the distance to the city and the population density are significant and explanatory of poverty. The study was carried out in the communities of the province of Pichincha, Ecuador.Keywords: marginalization; assets; chronic poverty; Ecuador.OLARTE, Susana Herrero. Comunidades aisladas y dispersas, comunidades en condicion de marginacion en Ecuador. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 1, p. 47-66, fev. 2019.Submitted in september 2018.Accepted in december 2018.

Resenha do livro "A culinária caipira da Paulistânia – a história e as receitas de um modo antigo de comer, de Carlos Alberto Dória e Marcelo Corrêa Bastos".

This study aims to analyse comparative lessons from current efforts for promoting sustainable agriculture by key global food producing countries. Specifically, we aim to understand: 1) to what extent governments are prioritizing conservation efforts in their agricultural policy budget; 2) what existing agri-environmental measures actually deliver in terms of environmental conservation; and 3) what are the possibilities for improvement in the existing policies for meeting current environmental challenges. Interviews with farmers and experts, as well as a literature review, reveal that agri-environmental mechanisms have gained some footing but they represent only 5.8% of the American, 5.75% of the European, and 1.25% of the Brazilian agricultural policy budgets. Key conservation issues remain poorly addressed, such as water and nutrient management in the U.S., whose landscape-level management resulted in no more than 10% of phosphorus reductions; soil erosion and biodiversity loss in Europe, where farmland bird populations have declined by over 40%; and the restoration of reserves and sensitive land areas in Brazil, which account for less than 6% of the country’s farms’ restoration needs. While environmental organizations advocate for larger investments in conservation, farmers argue for the need to maintain the current levels of support for the sector in order to remain competitive. This stalemate indicates that we might expect minor adaptations, but not incremental changes, in agricultural policies for the near future.Keywords: agricultural policies; agribusiness, environment.MEDINA, Gabriel da Silva. Where are governments leading their agricultural sectors? Comparative lessons from agri-environmental measures promoted in the U.S., Europe and Brazil. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 1, p. 5- 23, fev. 2019.Submitted in october 2018.Accepted in december 2018.

This article intends to analyze how the sentiment of belonging to Gerais Velho, a black rural community in the backlands of Minas Gerais, enfolds land, religion and black identity through the roaming of their inhabitants. Stemming from an ethnographic perspective, it uses the movements of the Gerais Velho inhabitants to shift the idea of belonging from the analytic frames of fixation, common in the treatment of identities. Thus, it traces the pathways by which autonomy and liberty make sense to a life experienced as mobility.Keywords: belonging; farm; religion; blackness; mobility.BENITES, Luiz Felipe Rocha. Veredas do pertencimento ao Povo do Gerais: roca, religiao e mobilizacao etnica em movimento. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 1, p. 167-184, fev. 2019.Submitted in october 2017.Accepted in january 2018.

Brazil may appear to be a good student regarding food security and governance. Indeed, it implemented a national policy for food and nutrition security (FNSP) which is simultaneously unsectoralised, participatory and decentralised. The advocated model is the result of a significant contribution from social movements whose proposals have nurtured public policies during the last decade and have replaced the global food security framework with that of food sovereignty. This article aims to analyse the social changes that have accompanied the promotion of food sovereignty, which stands as a legacy to the history of the fight against hunger in Brazil. Since the end of the dictatorship, actions towards food sovereignty have been carried out in an unstable context of two development benchmarks within the State itself. The institutional commitment associated with it is epitomised under Lula by the arrival of managers close to social movements in a State still partly in the hands of traditional rural elites. In fact, two agrifood systems clashed and entered into open conflict after the destitution of Dilma Rousself. On the one hand, agribusiness, whose political aim is that of ecological modernization, drove a techno-environmental system. On the other hand, the world of NGOs, social movements and representatives of the left-wing government were united under the banner of a socio-ecological system: agroecology. Both social movements and agribusiness, amidst an unceasing struggle for power, attempted to build a certain level of unity in order to strengthen their networks of influence and increase their penetration within society. The end of institutionalised duality begs the question of the ability of these two models to coexist or even possibly evolve to become a hybrid of the two.Keywords: food security; agroecology; agrobusiness; agricultural models; social movements.PINTON, Florence; YANNICK, Sencebe. Soberania versus seguranca alimentar no Brasil: tensoes e oposicoes em torno da agroecologia como projeto. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 1, p. 24-46, fev. 2019.Submitted in september 2018.Accepted in december 2018.

O livro As Novas Ordens Alimentares lança uma abordagem que deve exercer influência significativa nos estudos agroalimentares durante os próximos anos. É uma obra ambiciosa, instigante e desafiadora. Fruto de mais de 10 anos de pesquisas dos professores Paulo André Niederle (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS) e Valdemar João Wesz Junior (Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana – UNILA), em interação com outros colegas e membros dos grupos que integram, os autores se esforçam em compreender e analisar as práticas sociais e os mecanismos institucionais envolvidos na construção, na coordenação e na estabilização dos mercados alimentares e agropecuários no Brasil. Por um lado, eles apresentam um referencial teórico extremamente original e inovador, que sintetiza contribuições da Economia das Convenções, do Neointitucionalismo Histórico e Sociológico e da Teoria das Práticas aplicadas à temática. Por outro lado, oferecem uma ampla e profunda análise histórica do sistema agroalimentar do Brasil, país exemplar nesse âmbito, sobre o qual ambos acumulam um vasto conjunto de dados e informações que lhes permitem pintar um quadro empírico abrangente. Com base nessa combinação de proposta teórica inovadora e evidência empírica abrangente, os autores visam superar a insuficiente contraposição entre as representações dominante do “agronegócio” e alternativa da “agricultura familiar” através de uma interpretação mais complexa e nuançada. Assim, soem ir além da homogeneizante imagem midiática do “agro é tech, agro é pop, agro é tudo” e demonstrar que a produção, a distribuição e o consumo alimentar no Brasil, em suas interrelações com os espaços rurais e urbanos, têm na diversidade e na heterogeneidade de práticas, atores e processos as suas marcas definidoras.

O consumo de alimentos agroecológicos envolve a ideia do consumo não apenas de um alimento, mas de uma cadeia de distribuição de valores, ideais, poder e soluções para um futuro mais sustentável. Portanto, este estudo contempla uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa, com finalidade exploratório-descritiva, que visa proporcionar uma visão geral sobre o consumo de orgânicos e agroecologia na realidade de Belo Horizonte. Analisou-se o consumo de orgânicos com base na cultura de consumo, a partir de um empreendimento de economia solidária de produtos agroecológicos. Como resultados, ressalta-se a postura de repúdio ao termo orgânico por parte dos entrevistados, visto que o selo significa um rótulo, ou seja, uma indústria, o que contraria os princípios da agroecologia, da pequena produção e seu produtor, preocupados com a terra, com a saúde e com o respeito às pessoas e à natureza. Palavras-chave: consumo; orgânico; agroecologia; economia solidária; Feira Terra Viva. NASCIMENTO, Daniela Viegas da Costa; SILVA, Jaqueline Araújo; PINTO, Marcelo de Rezende; MESQUITA, Maytê Cabral. Quando o orgânico se torna “rótulo”: discussões críticas sobre consumo e Agroecologia a partir de um empreendimento de Economia Solidária. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 608-629, out. 2018. Recebido em março de 2018. Aceito em agosto de 2018.

This article analyzes Brazilian studies on street markets to describe a panorama of scientific production, highlighting its regional characteristics, similarities and diversities. The research was based on a systematic bibliographical survey of 434 papers classified according to their regional distribution, vehicle of origin, year of publication, methodology and area of ​​knowledge. Fifty studies (11.50%) were analyzed, selected by regional distribution criteria, scope and relevance, indicated by the number of citations. It was found that the Brazilian street markets are very different, both by the types of vendors and by the regional context. Marketsare important for urban supply and income generation for rural producers and vendors, and although they promote strong socioeconomic activity and have great importance in food security, they receive limited public investments, usually made by municipal administrations.Keywords: urban supply; street markets; short circuits; food security.ARAUJO, Alexandro Moura; RIBEIRO, Eduardo Magalhaes. Feiras, feirantes e abastecimento: uma revisao da bibliografia brasileira sobre comercializacao nas feiras livres. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 561-583, out. 2018.Submitted in june 2018.Accepted in september 2018.

Resenha do livro Teoria das Cooperativas Camponesas de Alexander Chayanov. Palavras-chave: Alexander Chayanov; cooperativas camponesas. CHAYANOV, Alexander. A Teoria das Cooperativas Camponesas de Alexander Chayanov. Porto Alegre: Editora UFRGS, 2017, 296 p. Resenha de: DEGGERONE, Zenicleia Angelita. A Teoria das Cooperativas Camponesas de Alexander Chayanov. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 701-705, out. 2018. Recebido em junho de 2018. Aceito em julho de 2018.

The dynamics of the contemporary scenario of the agro-food sector has brought about transformations in the interpretations and conduct of the relations between producers and consumers of food. Food crises, price fluctuations, quality patterns are some of the re-identified criteria around the resumption or revaluation of closer relationships between farmers, food producers and final consumers. Around this debate, we seek to understand the conventions that guide the new / old markets of family agriculture in the context of two European countries, France and Italy, and in the south of Brazil. Based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation, cases of family agriculture markets were analyzed in these countries, which occur through direct marketing relationships between the producer and the final consumer. In this context, new markets come mainly from the constitution of a set of new conventions of quality and valorization of products, which are built in a process of co-participation between different actors and organizations, permeated mainly by processes and relationships that involve producers and consumers.Keywords: markets; family farm; Brazil; Italy; France.VENDRUSCOLO, Rafaela; MATTE, Alessandra; VENTURA, Flaminia; TOURRAND, Jean Francois; WAQUIL, Paulo Dabdab. Entre a reconexao e a revalorizacao: a constituicao de convencoes em mercados da agricultura familiar no Brasil, na Italia e na Franca. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 495-516, out. 2018.Submitted in march 2018.Accepted in august 2018.

O estudo procura analisar a importância da produção agrícola do Matopiba, que compreende áreas dos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, para o desenvolvimento econômico. A dinâmica econômica agropecuária desta região torna-se central na orientação das decisões dos agentes privados, na promoção do desenvolvimento regional e na formulação de políticas públicas mais adequadas à realidade local. Busca-se questionar se os investimentos mobilizados são de fato sustentáveis e em que medida o agronegócio terá força para liderar o desenvolvimento em estados reconhecidamente pobres e com uma densidade populacional elevada no meio rural. Como hipótese, entende-se que a política agrícola pode ser um importante instrumento para o desenvolvimento local, com redução das desigualdades e com gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais na região. BUAINAIN, Antonio Marcio; GARCIA, Junior Ruiz; VIEIRA FILHO, José Eustáquio. A economia agropecuária do Matopiba. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, jun. 2018, v. 26, n. 2, p. 376-401, ISSN 2526-7752.

The objective of this article is to analyze the symbolic disputes around the legitimacy of the struggle for land in the context of a region historically constituted by ranching domains in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Our intention was to comprehend the structural conditions leading to the insertion of social agents identified as landless in the space of relations established by the former inhabitants from the municipalities of that region, especially in a scenario that, since the 1980s, has been one of crisis for ranching reproduction based on the sale of meat. We opted for an analytical approach privileging social mobilization processes that tookplace between 2003 and 2008 in Sao Gabriel, RS, which preceded the implementation of rural settlements in the municipality. We analyzed action repertoires articulated in a setting of agrarian conflict composed basically of rural employers, rural social movements and the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), besides the interventions of other agents like the press and the Public Prosecutor s Office. It is argued that the state of tension that permeated such struggles around Sao Gabriel and that negatively marked the landless as people "coming from outside" is a tributary of the structural conditions found in the social space, which restricted the emergence of local disputes over the land tenure regime. Methodologically, this articleis constituted by documentary analysis of official INCRA/RS processes, publications in the local press and books regarding the events of the period which were written by legitimate spokespersons of the landless people and of the rural producers.ZANELLA, Francis Casagranda e Marcos Botton Piccin. Condicoes de emergencia dos sem-terra em meio a reconfiguracoes do espaco estancieiro no Rio Grande do Sul. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, junho de 2018, vol. 26, n. 2, p. 285-308, ISSN 2526-7752.

Com narrativa envolvente e atenta a sutilezas, característica do fazer antropológico, Tania Murray Li analisa temas caros ao estudo do capitalismo no meio rural - trabalho, política, sociabilidade, subsistência, entre outros - no contexto de indígenas de uma montanhosa região da Indonésia, colocando em questão uma série de pressupostos comuns em análises tradicionais sobre o tema. Seu grande trunfo para o estudo de sociedades agrárias é descortinar formas autóctones de emergência do capitalismo, nos quais um mesmo sistema global se desdobra de modos distintos em determinados contextos. Do ponto de vista normativo, a análise oferece um contraponto importante à ilusão de soluções “prontas” de desenvolvimento, oferecidas tanto por governos e agências internacionais quanto movimentos sociais, no que tange o combate à pobreza no meio rural. Neste sentido, a mobilização de um conjunto de elementos torna Land’s End uma obra singular: seu desenho teórico-metodológico apurado, construído em diálogo com trabalhos clássicos e recentes da economia política e antropologia, assim como o estudo de caso que contempla quase duas décadas de análise, ressignificam o que julgamos saber sobre capitalismo e comunidades rurais em um mundo globalizado. Esta obra, vencedora do Senior Book Prize da American Ethnologist (2016) e presente em diversas mesas de discussões acadêmicas internacionais, é certamente capaz de fomentar novas discussões nos estudos agrários em âmbito nacional.

Este artigo analisa a influência das ideias brasileiras nas mudanças ocorridas nas compras públicas colombianas. Analiticamente, propõe-se uma discussão entre difusão, transferência, convergência e tradução de políticas públicas. Como resultados, observou-se que as mudanças nas políticas colombianas resultam de ideias convergentes que permearam a América Latina e o Caribe nos últimos anos, da atuação de organizações internacionais na transferência das iniciativas brasileiras e do papel dos atores locais na busca por aprendizados em outros contextos. Mais do que importação da experiência brasileira, as condições locais exigiram a tradução das ideias de compras públicas da agricultura familiar. The paper analyzes the influence of Brazilian ideas on changes in Colombian public purchases. Analytically, the article presents the debate between diffusion, transfer, convergence and translation of public policy. As results, it was observed that the changes in Colombian policies are the result of convergent ideas that have permeated Latin America and the Caribbean in recent years, the role of international organizations in the transfer of Brazilian initiatives, and the role of local actors in the search for lessons learned in other contexts. More than simply importing the Brazilian experience, local conditions demanded the translation of ideas regarding public procurement from family farming.

Este texto é uma tentativa de apresentar ao leitor de Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura o livro Agriculturas empresariais e espaços rurais na globalização: abordagens a partir da América do Sul.

A partir de propósitos de sustentabilidade e justiça social, os produtores de alimentos orgânicos encontram uma bifurcação entre o crescimento convencional e a manutenção da produção familiar. Esses últimos são levados a redes alternativas de distribuição de alimentos que abrangem uma ampla variedade de formas. Este artigo questiona como essas formas podem favorecer o desenvolvimento do capital social. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática, 45 artigos deram sustentação a uma taxonomia com cinco tipos de redes: produção própria; esquemas de cestas; venda direta; comunidades de suporte ao agricultor; e grupos de compras solidárias. A reflexão sobre densidade e vínculos esperados em cada tipo de rede, através dos exemplos observados, indica maior potencial daquelas formadas a partir de consumidores, seguidas por grupos de produtores, esquemas de cestas e, por último, produtores para consumo próprio. Essa pode ser uma contribuição significativa às políticas para fomento do consumo responsável e desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar. SOUZA, Ronaldo Tavares de; CALDAS, Eduardo de Lima. Redes alimentares alternativas e potencialidade ao desenvolvimento do capital social. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, jun. 2018, v. 26, n. 2, p. 426-446, ISSN 2526-7752.

This article aims to understand the process of judicialization of agrarian conflicts that has intensified in the state of Alagoas, Brazilian recent decades. The analysis focuses on the creation of a branch specialized in the treatment of territorial disputes, seeking to decode how agrarian litigation has been received and treated in the judicial sphere. Based on the examination of 241 lawsuits filed between 2008 and 2014 and using in-depth interviews with legal subjects (judges, prosecutors, lawyers and public defenders) and representatives of social movements and INCRA, it is maintained that judicialization is the product and result of a process of historical tension that at the same time imposes rationalization on land conflicts and reconfigures the features of violence. Based on the analysis of the empirical material, we find that in the Alagoas agrarian branch the evocation of legality, celerity and myopic affirmation of property rights have been triggered in the justification of judicial decisions that continue to perpetuate social injustices. Therefore, far from promoting a fair equalization of agrarian conflicts, the judicialization of disputes has contributed to perpetuate a scenario of violence, which nevertheless presents itself as a contemporary institutional approach.CASTRO, Ana Carolina; LAGESE, Anabelle Santos; ASSIS, Wendell Ficher. Da violencia opressora a negociacao institucional: a judicializacao dos conflitos agrarios no cenario alagoano. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, jun. 2018, v. 26, n. 2, p. 309-330.

Human societies are distinguished by their ways of living and dealing with nature. While western society seeks at all costs to exhaust natural resources, the vazanteiros-fishers in the mid-Tocantins deal with nature sustained by mutual respect. Our purpose in this text is to identify and analyze the particularities of a millenarian cultivation system that is still exercised and is called agricultura de vazante or "Vazantes" (floodplain agriculture). The data were collected between 2007 and 2017 within the master’s degree and the development of the doctoral thesis concluded at the beginning of 2018, through participant observation and semi-structured and unstructured interviews. The results show that the vazanteiros developed their cultivation in “vazantes” in accord with their peculiarities, which include specific measures between the hills for seed planting, the number of seeds, taboos, exchanges and reciprocities inherent in agricultural cultivation and social relations thatdenote their local mode of living. Besides being sustainable, in this mode of cultivation, the earth seems to understand them and they also seem to understand the earth and its limitations, to the extent that they plant only plants that best suit each soil type. The local reality shows that the vazanteiros, their customs and traditions. have been addressed in an agenda that seems to promote, at whatever cost, their disappearance in the coming years. This is due to the unconditional increase in dams and Small Hydroelectric Power Plants (SHP) in national rivers, especially during the last few decades. It is becoming increasingly clear to us that this phenomenon known as agricultura de vazante may have its days numbered in Brazil.

In respect to State institutions responsible for the environment, there are different possibilities of decision-making processes that have an impact on environmental regularization: one of the components of territorial organization. These paths will dependon the steps of the participatory process and the possibilities offered by the State to intervening actors, whether from civil society or political society. The focus of this work is, therefore, to analyze the feasibility of normative instruments and power relations that are given to participatory decision processes in pursuing environmental regularization. Thus, we give attention to the possibilities of insertion of each social actor in the processes of environmental regularization, in the relations of power that arise in the decision-making arenas, the reflection of the federative pact in the context of environmental management and the influence of the institutional structure on the possibilities of action on the part of the actors. We show that a mosaic of elements such as the historical inheritance of what is known in Brazil as "environmental management" expresses the aggravation of the problems of the Federation regarding the hegemony of agrarian elites in the decision-making processes. This situation was not resolved by the federative pact, which conforms to an exclusionary and ineffective scenario of citizen participation related to environmental management envisaged in the regularization and territorial planning processes.

O artigo se dedica ao tema do messianismo com a preocupação de lhe determinar a função que cumpre. Para tanto, se remete à teoria sociológica para saber se os movimentos messiânicos são revolucionários ou reformistas. Tal discussão reascende o debate sobreo pretenso caráter utópico dos movimentos messiânicos e sua natureza pré-política. A intenção é mostrar como este questionamento marcou direta ou indiretamente boa parte da literatura sociológica brasileira dedicada ao tema.

O estudo de animais tem sido uma constante há pelo menos uma década na antropologia nacional. Porém, poucos são os trabalhos que tem conseguido cumprir a proposição de “levá-los a sério”, colocando-os no centro de questões fundamentais do país. Nomes aos Bois: Zebu e Zebueiros em uma Pecuária de Elite é um competente trabalho nesse sentido, trazendo contribuições em áreas contemporâneas da disciplina (antropologia da política e da ciência), mas colocando em questão também temas clássicos (sangue, parentesco, rituais e sistemas de trocas). Todos esses aqui impossibilitados de serem tratados separadamente. O resultado deste trabalho de imersão, realizado no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia da USP, foi premiado pela ANPOCS como tese destaque no ano de 2015. Em todo esse circuito, o interesse primordial da autora é em um tipo específico de bovino, aquele que não vai para o abate, em função do seu alto valor como reprodutor. O chamado “gado de elite” não é destinado a abastecer o mercado de carne nacional e internacional, ainda que seus animais sirvam de referência a este. Tais bovinos frequentam pistas de leilões, são criados em baias e vendidos por valores impares (bem acima de países com tradição na área de criação como EUA e França).

Movidos pelo desejo de ampliar as analises sobre a atuacao dos trabalhadores rurais no Brasil pre-64, elaboramos o presente artigo, cujo objetivo e identificar a funcao do espaco “Almanaque de Terra Livre” na transmissao das diretrizes e interpretacoes pecebistas. Para tanto, dividimos o texto em cinco partes: elaboramos um breve historico sobre a atuacao do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) no campo, abordando suas estrategias de luta; apresentamos as principais caracteristicas do Terra Livre e a funcao politica da imprensa pecebista; expomos o papel das piadas na circunscricao dos adversarios; analisamos a questao etnica na construcao argumentativa do periodico; identificamos as estrategias utilizadas para inculcar preceitos da luta de classes. Adotando como referencias teorico-metodologicas as ideias desenvolvidas por Jean-Noel Jeanneney, Norman Fairclough, Regina de Luca, Cruz e Peixoto, procuramos fazer uma analise bidimensional do discurso desse periodico, discutindo tanto sua estrutura textual – vocabulario, coesao e estrategia textual – como a conjuntura politico-economica na qual se inseria.

Tradicionalmente, a reproducao social da agricultura familiar tem estreita relacao e dependencia na permanencia de, pelo menos, um dos filhos no lugar dos pais, materializando assim o processo sucessorio. Uma das caracteristicas principais disso e o filho sucessor receber a terra, ou pelo menos parte desta como heranca, produzir nela e assumir a responsabilidade de amparar os pais na velhice. O objetivo deste trabalho e identificar e analisar os “arranjos” e estrategias sociais, economicas e produtivas que os agricultores familiares elaboram e adotam frente aos contextos de ausencia de sucessao, especialmente em relacao ao destino das propriedades. Os dados apresentados neste trabalho deram suporte a dissertacao de mestrado defendida em 2017 junto ao Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Desenvolvimento Rural (PGDR) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Trata-se de estudo de caso realizado no municipio de Frederico Westphalen, regiao norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, uma das muitas regioes historicamente caracterizadas pela ampla presenca de agricultores familiares. Foram entrevistados 23 agricultores familiares sem sucessores no periodo de janeiro a abril de 2016. Atualmente, e por razoes variadas, as familias estao tendo dificuldades para concretizar a sucessao das propriedades. Com isso, o modelo sucessorio, padrao e uniforme, estabelecido na agricultura familiar e amplamente estudado e difundido pela literatura especializada parece nao mais prevalecer, sinalizando-se assim uma especie de novo padrao sucessorio, embora com contornos ainda nao muito claros. Ocorre que a ausencia de sucessores faz com que o destino das propriedades se torne um problema social relevante entre os agricultores familiares, causando preocupacao entre os pais, mas algo pouco evidente entre os filhos. De modo geral, os resultados demonstram que sao distintos os encaminhamentos adotados pelos agricultores no que tange a ausencia de sucessores, os quais levam em consideracao ficar na propriedade ou passar a residir no meio urbano, estar junto dos filhos no meio urbano e ser cuidado por eles ou aceitar os cuidados de terceiros, o que confirma a desestruturacao de um padrao sucessorio que prevalecia nas geracoes anteriores. O estudo demonstra tambem a existencia, ainda em construcao, de novos padroes sucessorios entre os agricultores familiares, agora sustentado na ideia de que haveria herdeiros, mas nao necessariamente sucessores.

This paper focuses on the implementation of Social Control Organizations (SCO) at Milton Santos Settlement in the State of Sao Paulo, between the cities of Americana and Cosmopolis. According to the norms of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of the Brazilian Government, an SCO allows for the recognition of the organic quality of the products traded by means of direct sales from the farmer to the consumer, or bought by means of public procurement. The analysis is based on the justifications theory, considering the emergence of ecological principles of justice, as well as the proof of reality principle. According to this perspective, the SCO can be interpreted as a means to assess the ecological discourse in favor of the settlement, exposingthe engagement of the population with sustainable agriculture practices. In this sense, the families of this settlement perceive the SCO beyond its economical role.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal estabelecer uma aproximacao critica com o debate relativo as dinâmicas do chamado “mundo rural brasileiro”, principalmente ocorrido entre 2013 e 2014 a partir do texto “Sete teses sobre o rural brasileiro”, escrito por Antonio M. Buainain, Eliseu Alves, Jose Maria da Silveira e Zander Navarro, presente no livro O novo rural no Brasil do seculo 21 . Isso sera feito observando tambem as criticas as teses efetivadas por outros autores, dado o tratamento superficial em relacao aos processos reais do mundo rural. Se, por um lado, havia uma proposta teorica aparentemente contundente marcada nas “sete teses” em relacao as prerrogativas gerais do desenvolvimento agricola a partir de politicas publicas e dados estatisticos de investimento, diversos autores apresentaram as fragilidades das mesmas ao nao atentarem para aspectos da realidade em analise e seu desdobramento. Nesse sentido e que pretendemos retomar as criticas a elas realizadas para ressaltar questoes pertinentes ao debate fundamental recente dessa dinâmica do desenvolvimento rural.

No presente artigo buscou-se revelar as práticas gerenciais, sociais e políticas que ocorrem e se relacionam nas cooperativas sociais ligadas ao MST no Ceará. Para tanto, adotou-se a pesquisa quantitativa, utilizou-se a análise fatorial para reduzir a quantidade de fatores e a Samuel Câmara, Marcio Mota, Guarany Marques, Luana Spinosa443regressão linear múltipla para identificar a existência de relação causal entre as práticas gerenciais e políticas e os objetivos. Fez-se uso de uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência dos associados às cooperativas do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, totalizando 83 observações. A análise fatorial revelou a existência de quatro fatores relacionados às práticas gerenciais e político-sociais e um fator relacionado aos objetivos das cooperativas. A regressão múltipla evidenciou que apenas as práticas gerenciais tinham relação causal com estes objetivos das cooperativas.