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Much of the current research on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) points to an alliance that is deeply troubled, largely irrelevant, or is bound to collapse. Nearly all of this research focuses on the transatlantic differences over Iraq, the wide differences in military capabilities between the United States and its allies, or the perceived negative impact of alliance expansion. Within recent literature, no research examines Congress's role in shaping the alliance's evolution. This paper examines Congress's views toward NATO across four issue areas; alliance expansion, NATO'S role in Afghanistan, NATO's assistance to the African Union in Sudan, and NATO's role in Iraq after Operation Iraqi Freedom. This paper finds that Congress devoted little attention to shaping NATO's transformation, and was surprisingly disengaged on NATO'S mission in Afghanistan. While examples of congressional entrepreneurship were evident, Congress was mostly deferential to the president. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]