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Two cases in a row demonstrate the importance of autopsy in the investigation of the cause of death, even when circumstantial information and preliminary examinations suggest potentially lethal pathology, such as sub-arachnoidal or intracranial haemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) rupture, sudden cardiac death, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, intoxication, etc. These two cases show how every sudden death needs further investigation to figure out what the real cause is because there are so many fatal pathologies that can cause it. Indeed, the duodenal ulcer detected in these cases cannot be diagnosed without an autopsy. External examination only may be insufficient or too generic being able, if not followed by an autopsy, to direct towards incorrect causes of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The figure of the junior doctor is defined in different ways depending on age, educational path, and contract terms related to the conditions of the work contract. The issues related to this particular professional figure should be considered one of the greatest tests to which Health Systems have to respond. In this paper, these aspects are discussed together with practical advice that could be tailored to individual working situations in order to adequately address these issues. Cornerstones and common practices of clinical risk management which may be successfully applied in these contexts are also discussed. The application of Risk Management tools can both provide proactive solutions to reduce the risk of litigation, and create an environment based on trust and one in which junior doctors feel encouraged to signal adverse events and to learn from them. This could result in overall growth in the system, also from a cultural perspective, and better healthcare both for staff and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]