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Purpose: Sinonasal nuclear protein in testis carcinoma (SNUTC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy caused by genetic rearrangements in the NUTM1 gene. The prognosis of SNUTC ranks among the most unfavorable within the naso-sinusal district, with an overall survival of 9.7 months. This systematic review aimed to determine the best therapeutic strategy for SNUTC. Methods: We reviewed eligible articles for patient demographics, TNM and stage at presentation, best response after primary treatment, disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) times, other following therapy lines, and final outcomes. Results: Among 472 unique citations, 17 studies were considered eligible, with reported treatment data for 25 patients. Most studies (n = 12) were case reports. The most frequently administered treatment regimen was surgery as primary treatment and combined radiochemotherapy as second-line or adjuvant treatment. Four patients were alive at follow-up. Conclusion: Basing on the existing literature, a standardized line in the treatment of SNUTC is not yet well delineated. A self-personalized strategy of therapy should be drawn on each patient affected by SNUTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to analyze the existing applications of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and deep learning for rhinological purposes and compare works in terms of data pool size, AI systems, input and outputs, and model reliability. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Search criteria were designed to include all studies published until December 2021 presenting or employing AI for rhinological applications. We selected all original studies specifying AI models reliability. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for data pool size, AI tools used, input and outputs, and model reliability. Results: Among 1378 unique citations, 39 studies were deemed eligible. Most studies (n = 29) were technical papers. Input included compiled data, verbal data, and 2D images, while outputs were in most cases dichotomous or selected among nominal classes. The most frequently employed AI tools were support vector machine for compiled data and convolutional neural network for 2D images. Model reliability was variable, but in most cases was reported to be between 80% and 100%. Conclusions: AI has vast potential in rhinology, but an inherent lack of accessible code sources does not allow for sharing results and advancing research without reconstructing models from scratch. While data pools do not necessarily represent a problem for model construction, presently available tools appear limited in allowing employment of raw clinical data, thus demanding immense interpretive work prior to the analytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cleft palate children have a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion, more frequent recurrent acute otitis media episodes, and worse conductive hearing losses than non-cleft children. Nevertheless, data on adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in this patient group are scarce, since many feared worsening of velopharyngeal insufficiency after the procedure. This review aims at collecting the available evidence on this subject, to frame possible further areas of research and interventions. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Multiple databases were searched with criteria designed to include all studies focusing on the role of adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in cleft palate children. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for clinical indications and outcomes. Results: Among 321 unique citations, 3 studies published between 1964 and 1972 (2 case series and a retrospective cohort study) were deemed eligible, with 136 treated patients. The outcomes were positive in all three articles in terms of conductive hearing loss improvement, recurrent otitis media episodes reduction, and effusive otitis media resolution. Conclusion: Despite promising results, research on adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in the cleft population has stopped in the mid-Seventies. No data are, therefore, available on the role of modern conservative adenoidectomy techniques (endoscopic and/or partial) in this context. Prospective studies are required to define the role of adenoidectomy in cleft children, most interestingly in specific subgroups such as patients requiring re-tympanostomy, given their known risk of otologic sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]