7 results on '"Müller, Verena"'
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2. Surveillance of patients with conjunctival melanoma in German-speaking countries: A multinational survey of the German dermatologic cooperative oncology group
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Wessely, Anja, primary, Steeb, Theresa, additional, Berking, Carola, additional, Schlaak, Max, additional, Heppt, Markus V., additional, Alter, Mareike, additional, Bayerl, Christiane, additional, Bender, Armin, additional, Bruning, Guido, additional, Dabrowski, Evelyn, additional, Debus, Dirk, additional, Devereux, Nina, additional, Dippel, Edgar, additional, Drexler, Konstantin, additional, Dücker, Pia, additional, Dummer, Reinhard, additional, Emmert, Steffen, additional, Elsner, Peter, additional, Enk, Alexander, additional, Gebhardt, Christoffer, additional, Gesierich, Anja, additional, Goebeler, Matthias, additional, Goerdt, Sergij, additional, Goetze, Steven, additional, Gutzmer, Ralf, additional, Haferkamp, Sebastian, additional, Hansel, Gesina, additional, Hassel, Jessica C., additional, Heinzerling, Lucie, additional, Kähler, Katharina C., additional, Kaume, Kjell M., additional, Krapf, Wolfgang, additional, Kreuzberg, Nicole, additional, Lehmann, Percy, additional, Livingstone, Elisabeth, additional, Löffler, Harald, additional, Loquai, Carmen, additional, Mauch, Cornelia, additional, Mangana, Johanna, additional, Meier, Friedegund, additional, Meissner, Markus, additional, Moritz, Rose K.C., additional, Maul, Lara Valeska, additional, Müller, Verena, additional, Mohr, Peter, additional, Navarini, Alexander, additional, Van Nguyen, Ahn, additional, Pfeiffer, Christiane, additional, Pföhler, Claudia, additional, Posch, Christian, additional, Richtig, Erika, additional, Rompel, Rainer, additional, Sachse, Michael M., additional, Sauder, Stefanie, additional, Schadendorf, Dirk, additional, Schatton, Kerstin, additional, Schulze, Hans-Joachim, additional, Schultz, Erwin, additional, Schilling, Bastian, additional, Schmuth, Matthias, additional, Simon, Jan C., additional, Streit, Markus, additional, Terheyden, Patrick, additional, Thiem, Alexander, additional, Tüting, Thomas, additional, Welzel, Julia, additional, Weyandt, Gerhard, additional, Wesselmann, Ulrich, additional, Wollina, Uwe, additional, Ziemer, Mirjana, additional, Zimmer, Lisa, additional, and Zutt, Markus, additional
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- 2021
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3. Superior skin cancer classification by the combination of human and artificial intelligence
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Hekler, Achim, primary, Utikal, Jochen S., additional, Enk, Alexander H., additional, Hauschild, Axel, additional, Weichenthal, Michael, additional, Maron, Roman C., additional, Berking, Carola, additional, Haferkamp, Sebastian, additional, Klode, Joachim, additional, Schadendorf, Dirk, additional, Schilling, Bastian, additional, Holland-Letz, Tim, additional, Izar, Benjamin, additional, von Kalle, Christof, additional, Fröhling, Stefan, additional, Brinker, Titus J., additional, Schmitt, Laurenz, additional, Peitsch, Wiebke K., additional, Hoffmann, Friederike, additional, Becker, Jürgen C., additional, Drusio, Christina, additional, Jansen, Philipp, additional, Lodde, Georg, additional, Sammet, Stefanie, additional, Sondermann, Wiebke, additional, Ugurel, Selma, additional, Zader, Jeannine, additional, Enk, Alexander, additional, Salzmann, Martin, additional, Schäfer, Sarah, additional, Schäkel, Knut, additional, Winkler, Julia, additional, Wölbing, Priscilla, additional, Asper, Hiba, additional, Bohne, Ann-Sophie, additional, Brown, Victoria, additional, Burba, Bianca, additional, Deffaa, Sophia, additional, Dietrich, Cecilia, additional, Dietrich, Matthias, additional, Drerup, Katharina Antonia, additional, Egberts, Friederike, additional, Erkens, Anna-Sophie, additional, Greven, Salim, additional, Harde, Viola, additional, Jost, Marion, additional, Kaeding, Merit, additional, Kosova, Katharina, additional, Lischner, Stephan, additional, Maagk, Maria, additional, Messinger, Anna Laetitia, additional, Metzner, Malte, additional, Motamedi, Rogina, additional, Rosenthal, Ann-Christine, additional, Seidl, Ulrich, additional, Stemmermann, Jana, additional, Torz, Kaspar, additional, Velez, Juliana Giraldo, additional, Haiduk, Jennifer, additional, Alter, Mareike, additional, Bär, Claudia, additional, Bergenthal, Paul, additional, Gerlach, Anne, additional, Holtorf, Christian, additional, Karoglan, Ante, additional, Kindermann, Sophie, additional, Kraas, Luise, additional, Felcht, Moritz, additional, Gaiser, Maria R., additional, Klemke, Claus-Detlev, additional, Kurzen, Hjalmar, additional, Leibing, Thomas, additional, Müller, Verena, additional, Reinhard, Raphael R., additional, Utikal, Jochen, additional, Winter, Franziska, additional, Eicher, Laurie, additional, Hartmann, Daniela, additional, Heppt, Markus, additional, Kilian, Katharina, additional, Krammer, Sebastian, additional, Lill, Diana, additional, Niesert, Anne-Charlotte, additional, Oppel, Eva, additional, Sattler, Elke, additional, Senner, Sonja, additional, Wallmichrath, Jens, additional, Wolff, Hans, additional, Gesierich, Anja, additional, Giner, Tina, additional, Glutsch, Valerie, additional, Kerstan, Andreas, additional, Presser, Dagmar, additional, Schrüfer, Philipp, additional, Schummer, Patrick, additional, Stolze, Ina, additional, Weber, Judith, additional, Drexler, Konstantin, additional, Mickler, Marion, additional, Stauner, Camila Toledo, additional, and Thiem, Alexander, additional
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- 2019
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4. Systematic outperformance of 112 dermatologists in multiclass skin cancer image classification by convolutional neural networks
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Maron, Roman C., primary, Weichenthal, Michael, additional, Utikal, Jochen S., additional, Hekler, Achim, additional, Berking, Carola, additional, Hauschild, Axel, additional, Enk, Alexander H., additional, Haferkamp, Sebastian, additional, Klode, Joachim, additional, Schadendorf, Dirk, additional, Jansen, Philipp, additional, Holland-Letz, Tim, additional, Schilling, Bastian, additional, von Kalle, Christof, additional, Fröhling, Stefan, additional, Gaiser, Maria R., additional, Hartmann, Daniela, additional, Gesierich, Anja, additional, Kähler, Katharina C., additional, Wehkamp, Ulrike, additional, Karoglan, Ante, additional, Bär, Claudia, additional, Brinker, Titus J., additional, Schmitt, Laurenz, additional, Peitsch, Wiebke K., additional, Hoffmann, Friederike, additional, Becker, Jürgen C., additional, Drusio, Christina, additional, Lodde, Georg, additional, Sammet, Stefanie, additional, Sondermann, Wiebke, additional, Ugurel, Selma, additional, Zader, Jeannine, additional, Enk, Alexander, additional, Salzmann, Martin, additional, Schäfer, Sarah, additional, Schäkel, Knut, additional, Winkler, Julia, additional, Wölbing, Priscilla, additional, Asper, Hiba, additional, Bohne, Ann-Sophie, additional, Brown, Victoria, additional, Burba, Bianca, additional, Deffaa, Sophia, additional, Dietrich, Cecilia, additional, Dietrich, Matthias, additional, Drerup, Katharina Antonia, additional, Egberts, Friederike, additional, Erkens, Anna-Sophie, additional, Greven, Salim, additional, Harde, Viola, additional, Jost, Marion, additional, Kaeding, Merit, additional, Kosova, Katharina, additional, Lischner, Stephan, additional, Maagk, Maria, additional, Messinger, Anna Laetitia, additional, Metzner, Malte, additional, Motamedi, Rogina, additional, Rosenthal, Ann-Christine, additional, Seidl, Ulrich, additional, Stemmermann, Jana, additional, Torz, Kaspar, additional, Velez, Juliana Giraldo, additional, Haiduk, Jennifer, additional, Alter, Mareike, additional, Bergenthal, Paul, additional, Gerlach, Anne, additional, Holtorf, Christian, additional, Kindermann, Sophie, additional, Kraas, Luise, additional, Felcht, Moritz, additional, Klemke, Claus-Detlev, additional, Kurzen, Hjalmar, additional, Leibing, Thomas, additional, Müller, Verena, additional, Reinhard, Raphael R., additional, Utikal, Jochen, additional, Winter, Franziska, additional, Eicher, Laurie, additional, Heppt, Markus, additional, Kilian, Katharina, additional, Krammer, Sebastian, additional, Lill, Diana, additional, Niesert, Anne-Charlotte, additional, Oppel, Eva, additional, Sattler, Elke, additional, Senner, Sonja, additional, Wallmichrath, Jens, additional, Wolff, Hans, additional, Giner, Tina, additional, Glutsch, Valerie, additional, Kerstan, Andreas, additional, Presser, Dagmar, additional, Schrüfer, Philipp, additional, Schummer, Patrick, additional, Stolze, Ina, additional, Weber, Judith, additional, Drexler, Konstantin, additional, Mickler, Marion, additional, Stauner, Camila Toledo, additional, and Thiem, Alexander, additional
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- 2019
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5. Deep learning outperformed 136 of 157 dermatologists in a head-to-head dermoscopic melanoma image classification task
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Brinker, Titus J., primary, Hekler, Achim, additional, Enk, Alexander H., additional, Klode, Joachim, additional, Hauschild, Axel, additional, Berking, Carola, additional, Schilling, Bastian, additional, Haferkamp, Sebastian, additional, Schadendorf, Dirk, additional, Holland-Letz, Tim, additional, Utikal, Jochen S., additional, von Kalle, Christof, additional, Ludwig-Peitsch, Wiebke, additional, Sirokay, Judith, additional, Heinzerling, Lucie, additional, Albrecht, Magarete, additional, Baratella, Katharina, additional, Bischof, Lena, additional, Chorti, Eleftheria, additional, Dith, Anna, additional, Drusio, Christina, additional, Giese, Nina, additional, Gratsias, Emmanouil, additional, Griewank, Klaus, additional, Hallasch, Sandra, additional, Hanhart, Zdenka, additional, Herz, Saskia, additional, Hohaus, Katja, additional, Jansen, Philipp, additional, Jockenhöfer, Finja, additional, Kanaki, Theodora, additional, Knispel, Sarah, additional, Leonhard, Katja, additional, Martaki, Anna, additional, Matei, Liliana, additional, Matull, Johanna, additional, Olischewski, Alexandra, additional, Petri, Maximilian, additional, Placke, Jan-Malte, additional, Raub, Simon, additional, Salva, Katrin, additional, Schlott, Swantje, additional, Sody, Elsa, additional, Steingrube, Nadine, additional, Stoffels, Ingo, additional, Ugurel, Selma, additional, Zaremba, Anne, additional, Gebhardt, Christoffer, additional, Booken, Nina, additional, Christolouka, Maria, additional, Buder-Bakhaya, Kristina, additional, Bokor-Billmann, Therezia, additional, Enk, Alexander, additional, Gholam, Patrick, additional, Hänßle, Holger, additional, Salzmann, Martin, additional, Schäfer, Sarah, additional, Schäkel, Knut, additional, Schank, Timo, additional, Bohne, Ann-Sophie, additional, Deffaa, Sophia, additional, Drerup, Katharina, additional, Egberts, Friederike, additional, Erkens, Anna-Sophie, additional, Ewald, Benjamin, additional, Falkvoll, Sandra, additional, Gerdes, Sascha, additional, Harde, Viola, additional, Jost, Marion, additional, Kosova, Katja, additional, Messinger, Laetitia, additional, Metzner, Malte, additional, Morrison, Kirsten, additional, Motamedi, Rogina, additional, Pinczker, Anja, additional, Rosenthal, Anne, additional, Scheller, Natalie, additional, Schwarz, Thomas, additional, Stölzl, Dora, additional, Thielking, Federieke, additional, Tomaschewski, Elena, additional, Wehkamp, Ulrike, additional, Weichenthal, Michael, additional, Wiedow, Oliver, additional, Bär, Claudia Maria, additional, Bender-Säbelkampf, Sophia, additional, Horbrügger, Marc, additional, Karoglan, Ante, additional, Kraas, Luise, additional, Faulhaber, Jörg, additional, Geraud, Cyrill, additional, Guo, Ze, additional, Koch, Philipp, additional, Linke, Miriam, additional, Maurier, Nolwenn, additional, Müller, Verena, additional, Thomas, Benjamin, additional, Utikal, Jochen Sven, additional, Alamri, Ali Saeed M., additional, Baczako, Andrea, additional, Betke, Matthias, additional, Haas, Carolin, additional, Hartmann, Daniela, additional, Heppt, Markus V., additional, Kilian, Katharina, additional, Krammer, Sebastian, additional, Lapczynski, Natalie Lidia, additional, Mastnik, Sebastian, additional, Nasifoglu, Suzan, additional, Ruini, Cristel, additional, Sattler, Elke, additional, Schlaak, Max, additional, Wolff, Hans, additional, Achatz, Birgit, additional, Bergbreiter, Astrid, additional, Drexler, Konstantin, additional, Ettinger, Monika, additional, Halupczok, Anna, additional, Hegemann, Marie, additional, Dinauer, Verena, additional, Maagk, Maria, additional, Mickler, Marion, additional, Philipp, Biance, additional, Wilm, Anna, additional, Wittmann, Constanze, additional, Gesierich, Anja, additional, Glutsch, Valerie, additional, Kahlert, Katrin, additional, Kerstan, Andreas, additional, and Schrüfer, Philipp, additional
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- 2019
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6. A convolutional neural network trained with dermoscopic images performed on par with 145 dermatologists in a clinical melanoma image classification task
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Brinker, Titus J., primary, Hekler, Achim, additional, Enk, Alexander H., additional, Klode, Joachim, additional, Hauschild, Axel, additional, Berking, Carola, additional, Schilling, Bastian, additional, Haferkamp, Sebastian, additional, Schadendorf, Dirk, additional, Fröhling, Stefan, additional, Utikal, Jochen S., additional, von Kalle, Christof, additional, Ludwig-Peitsch, Wiebke, additional, Sirokay, Judith, additional, Heinzerling, Lucie, additional, Albrecht, Magarete, additional, Baratella, Katharina, additional, Bischof, Lena, additional, Chorti, Eleftheria, additional, Dith, Anna, additional, Drusio, Christina, additional, Giese, Nina, additional, Gratsias, Emmanouil, additional, Griewank, Klaus, additional, Hallasch, Sandra, additional, Hanhart, Zdenka, additional, Herz, Saskia, additional, Hohaus, Katja, additional, Jansen, Philipp, additional, Jockenhöfer, Finja, additional, Kanaki, Theodora, additional, Knispel, Sarah, additional, Leonhard, Katja, additional, Martaki, Anna, additional, Matei, Liliana, additional, Matull, Johanna, additional, Olischewski, Alexandra, additional, Petri, Maximilian, additional, Placke, Jan-Malte, additional, Raub, Simon, additional, Salva, Katrin, additional, Schlott, Swantje, additional, Sody, Elsa, additional, Steingrube, Nadine, additional, Stoffels, Ingo, additional, Ugurel, Selma, additional, Sondermann, Wiebke, additional, Zaremba, Anne, additional, Gebhardt, Christoffer, additional, Booken, Nina, additional, Christolouka, Maria, additional, Buder-Bakhaya, Kristina, additional, Bokor-Billmann, Therezia, additional, Enk, Alexander, additional, Gholam, Patrick, additional, Hänßle, Holger, additional, Salzmann, Martin, additional, Schäfer, Sarah, additional, Schäkel, Knut, additional, Schank, Timo, additional, Bohne, Ann-Sophie, additional, Deffaa, Sophia, additional, Drerup, Katharina, additional, Egberts, Friederike, additional, Erkens, Anna-Sophie, additional, Ewald, Benjamin, additional, Falkvoll, Sandra, additional, Gerdes, Sascha, additional, Harde, Viola, additional, Jost, Marion, additional, Kosova, Katja, additional, Messinger, Laetitia, additional, Metzner, Malte, additional, Morrison, Kirsten, additional, Motamedi, Rogina, additional, Pinczker, Anja, additional, Rosenthal, Anne, additional, Scheller, Natalie, additional, Schwarz, Thomas, additional, Stölzl, Dora, additional, Thielking, Federieke, additional, Tomaschewski, Elena, additional, Wehkamp, Ulrike, additional, Weichenthal, Michael, additional, Wiedow, Oliver, additional, Bär, Claudia Maria, additional, Bender-Säbelkampf, Sophia, additional, Horbrügger, Marc, additional, Karoglan, Ante, additional, Kraas, Luise, additional, Faulhaber, Jörg, additional, Geraud, Cyrill, additional, Guo, Ze, additional, Koch, Philipp, additional, Linke, Miriam, additional, Maurier, Nolwenn, additional, Müller, Verena, additional, Thomas, Benjamin, additional, Utikal, Jochen Sven, additional, Alamri, Ali Saeed M., additional, Baczako, Andrea, additional, Betke, Matthias, additional, Haas, Carolin, additional, Hartmann, Daniela, additional, Heppt, Markus V., additional, Kilian, Katharina, additional, Krammer, Sebastian, additional, Lapczynski, Natalie Lidia, additional, Mastnik, Sebastian, additional, Nasifoglu, Suzan, additional, Ruini, Cristel, additional, Sattler, Elke, additional, Schlaak, Max, additional, Wolff, Hans, additional, Achatz, Birgit, additional, Bergbreiter, Astrid, additional, Drexler, Konstantin, additional, Ettinger, Monika, additional, Halupczok, Anna, additional, Hegemann, Marie, additional, Dinauer, Verena, additional, Maagk, Maria, additional, Mickler, Marion, additional, Philipp, Biance, additional, Wilm, Anna, additional, Wittmann, Constanze, additional, Gesierich, Anja, additional, Glutsch, Valerie, additional, Kahlert, Katrin, additional, Kerstan, Andreas, additional, and Schrüfer, Philipp, additional
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- 2019
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7. Superior skin cancer classification by the combination of human and artificial intelligence
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Achim Hekler, Jochen S. Utikal, Alexander H. Enk, Axel Hauschild, Michael Weichenthal, Roman C. Maron, Carola Berking, Sebastian Haferkamp, Joachim Klode, Dirk Schadendorf, Bastian Schilling, Tim Holland-Letz, Benjamin Izar, Christof von Kalle, Stefan Fröhling, Titus J. Brinker, Laurenz Schmitt, Wiebke K. Peitsch, Friederike Hoffmann, Jürgen C. Becker, Christina Drusio, Philipp Jansen, Georg Lodde, Stefanie Sammet, Wiebke Sondermann, Selma Ugurel, Jeannine Zader, Alexander Enk, Martin Salzmann, Sarah Schäfer, Knut Schäkel, Julia Winkler, Priscilla Wölbing, Hiba Asper, Ann-Sophie Bohne, Victoria Brown, Bianca Burba, Sophia Deffaa, Cecilia Dietrich, Matthias Dietrich, Katharina Antonia Drerup, Friederike Egberts, Anna-Sophie Erkens, Salim Greven, Viola Harde, Marion Jost, Merit Kaeding, Katharina Kosova, Stephan Lischner, Maria Maagk, Anna Laetitia Messinger, Malte Metzner, Rogina Motamedi, Ann-Christine Rosenthal, Ulrich Seidl, Jana Stemmermann, Kaspar Torz, Juliana Giraldo Velez, Jennifer Haiduk, Mareike Alter, Claudia Bär, Paul Bergenthal, Anne Gerlach, Christian Holtorf, Ante Karoglan, Sophie Kindermann, Luise Kraas, Moritz Felcht, Maria R. Gaiser, Claus-Detlev Klemke, Hjalmar Kurzen, Thomas Leibing, Verena Müller, Raphael R. Reinhard, Jochen Utikal, Franziska Winter, Laurie Eicher, Daniela Hartmann, Markus Heppt, Katharina Kilian, Sebastian Krammer, Diana Lill, Anne-Charlotte Niesert, Eva Oppel, Elke Sattler, Sonja Senner, Jens Wallmichrath, Hans Wolff, Anja Gesierich, Tina Giner, Valerie Glutsch, Andreas Kerstan, Dagmar Presser, Philipp Schrüfer, Patrick Schummer, Ina Stolze, Judith Weber, Konstantin Drexler, Marion Mickler, Camila Toledo Stauner, Alexander Thiem, Schmitt, Laurenz (Beitragende*r), Peitsch, Wiebke K. (Beitragende*r), Hoffmann, Friederike (Beitragende*r), Becker, Jürgen (Beitragende*r), Drusio, Christina (Beitragende*r), Jansen, Philipp (Beitragende*r), Lodde, Georg (Beitragende*r), Sammet, Stefanie (Beitragende*r), Sondermann, Wiebke (Beitragende*r), Ugurel, Selma (Beitragende*r), Zader, Jeannine (Beitragende*r), Salzmann, Martin (Beitragende*r), Schäfer, Sarah (Beitragende*r), Schäkel, Knut (Beitragende*r), Winkler, Julia (Beitragende*r), Wölbing, Priscilla (Beitragende*r), Asper, Hiba (Beitragende*r), Bohne, Ann-Sophie (Beitragende*r), Brown, Victoria (Beitragende*r), Burba, Bianca (Beitragende*r), Deffaa, Sophia (Beitragende*r), Dietrich, Cecilia (Beitragende*r), Dietrich, Matthias (Beitragende*r), Drerup, Katharina Antonia (Beitragende*r), Egberts, Friederike (Beitragende*r), Erkens, Anna-Sophie (Beitragende*r), Greven, Salim (Beitragende*r), Harde, Viola (Beitragende*r), Jost, Marion (Beitragende*r), Kaeding, Merit (Beitragende*r), Kosova, Katharina (Beitragende*r), Lischner, Stephan (Beitragende*r), Maagk, Maria (Beitragende*r), Messinger, Anna Laetitia (Beitragende*r), Metzner, Malte (Beitragende*r), Motamedi, Rogina (Beitragende*r), Rosenthal, Ann-Christine (Beitragende*r), Seidl, Ulrich (Beitragende*r), Stemmermann, Jana (Beitragende*r), Torz, Kaspar (Beitragende*r), Velez, Juliana Giraldo (Beitragende*r), Haiduk, Jennifer (Beitragende*r), Alter, Mareike (Beitragende*r), Bär, Claudia (Beitragende*r), Bergenthal, Paul (Beitragende*r), Gerlach, Anne (Beitragende*r), Holtorf, Christian (Beitragende*r), Karoglan, Ante (Beitragende*r), Kindermann, Sophie (Beitragende*r), Kraas, Luise (Beitragende*r), Felcht, Moritz (Beitragende*r), Gaiser, Maria R. (Beitragende*r), Klemke, Claus-Detlev (Beitragende*r), Kurzen, Hjalmar (Beitragende*r), Leibing, Thomas (Beitragende*r), Müller, Verena (Beitragende*r), Reinhard, Raphael R. (Beitragende*r), Winter, Franziska (Beitragende*r), Eicher, Laurie (Beitragende*r), Hartmann, Daniela (Beitragende*r), Heppt, Markus (Beitragende*r), Kilian, Katharina (Beitragende*r), Krammer, Sebastian (Beitragende*r), Lill, Diana (Beitragende*r), Niesert, Anne-Charlotte (Beitragende*r), Oppel, Eva (Beitragende*r), Sattler, Elke (Beitragende*r), Senner, Sonja (Beitragende*r), Wallmichrath, Jens (Beitragende*r), Wolff, Hans (Beitragende*r), Gesierich, Anja (Beitragende*r), Giner, Tina (Beitragende*r), Glutsch, Valerie (Beitragende*r), Kerstan, Andreas (Beitragende*r), Presser, Dagmar (Beitragende*r), Schrüfer, Philipp (Beitragende*r), Schummer, Patrick (Beitragende*r), Stolze, Ina (Beitragende*r), Weber, Judith (Beitragende*r), Drexler, Konstantin (Beitragende*r), Mickler, Marion (Beitragende*r), Stauner, Camila Toledo (Beitragende*r), and Thiem, Alexander (Beitragende*r)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Skin Neoplasms ,Computer science ,Medizin ,Dermoscopy ,Convolutional neural network ,03 medical and health sciences ,Class imbalance ,Deep Learning ,0302 clinical medicine ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical diagnosis ,Observer Variation ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Binary classification ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Artificial intelligence ,Gradient boosting ,Skin cancer ,business ,Classifier (UML) ,Algorithms ,Dermatologists - Abstract
Background In recent studies, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) outperformed dermatologists in distinguishing dermoscopic images of melanoma and nevi. In these studies, dermatologists and artificial intelligence were considered as opponents. However, the combination of classifiers frequently yields superior results, both in machine learning and among humans. In this study, we investigated the potential benefit of combining human and artificial intelligence for skin cancer classification. Methods Using 11,444 dermoscopic images, which were divided into five diagnostic categories, novel deep learning techniques were used to train a single CNN. Then, both 112 dermatologists of 13 German university hospitals and the trained CNN independently classified a set of 300 biopsy-verified skin lesions into those five classes. Taking into account the certainty of the decisions, the two independently determined diagnoses were combined to a new classifier with the help of a gradient boosting method. The primary end-point of the study was the correct classification of the images into five designated categories, whereas the secondary end-point was the correct classification of lesions as either benign or malignant (binary classification). Findings Regarding the multiclass task, the combination of man and machine achieved an accuracy of 82.95%. This was 1.36% higher than the best of the two individual classifiers (81.59% achieved by the CNN). Owing to the class imbalance in the binary problem, sensitivity, but not accuracy, was examined and demonstrated to be superior (89%) to the best individual classifier (CNN with 86.1%). The specificity in the combined classifier decreased from 89.2% to 84%. However, at an equal sensitivity of 89%, the CNN achieved a specificity of only 81.5% Interpretation Our findings indicate that the combination of human and artificial intelligence achieves superior results over the independent results of both of these systems.
- Published
- 2019
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