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This paper analyses the effect that the fulfilment of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) has got among engineers in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector. The focus is on Spain, and the comparison of the technical and managerial knowledge and skills most demanded by the sector in 2008 and 2018, coinciding with the first decade of the EHEA. The study also examines whether the professional skills acquired by university students are consistent with those required in the job market. The following question is answered: Are ICT students adequately trained a decade after the introduction of the EHEA? An empirical study was carried out on the basis of a cross-section of Spanish ICT sector enterprises. The results reveal a gap between employer expectations and the skills acquired by students. Policy and practice performance is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical learning is an educational proposal that aims to prepare students for their future working life by helping them to acquire skills that allow them to carry out their professions with autonomy and responsibility. In this paper, we reflect on the main characteristics of this educational proposal, on its connections with the European Higher Education Area, and on the experience gained at the Technical University of Valencia, which is based on that of a considerable number of teachers and researchers grouped under the Teaching Innovation Group for Ethical Learning in Scientific and Technical Studies (GREVOL). First, we describe the main characteristics of this research and action group and then give two examples of how we have introduced ethical learning into engineering lectures by means of two different approaches: one of these is a technical course, named “Industrial Sensors”, and the other is through two humanistic subjects, called “Introduction to Development Aid” and “Development Aid Projects”. Finally, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches: humanistic courses versus engineering courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]