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Background and purpose: Diagnosis of lymphoma involving the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging. This study aimed to explore the abnormal vestibular and ocular motor findings in CNS lymphoma. Methods: A retrospective search of the medical records identified 30 patients with CNS lymphoma presenting ocular motor and vestibular abnormalities from four neurology clinics of university hospitals in South Korea (22 men, age range 14–81 years, mean 60.6 ± 15.2). The demographic and clinical features and the results of laboratory, radiological and pathological evaluation were analyzed. Results: Patients presented with diplopia (13/30, 43%), vestibular symptoms (15/30, 50%) or both (2/30, 7%). In 15 patients with diplopia, abnormal ocular motor findings included ocular motor nerve palsy (n = 10, 67%), internuclear ophthalmoplegia (n = 2, 13%), external ophthalmoplegia (n = 2, 13%) and exophoria (n = 1, 7%). The vestibular abnormalities were isolated in 14 (82%) of 17 patients with vestibular symptoms and included combined unilateral peripheral and central vestibulopathy in three from lesions involving the vestibular nuclei. CNS lymphoma involved the brainstem (53%), cerebellum (33%), leptomeninges (30%), deep gray nuclei (23%) or cranial nerves (17%). Two patients showed the "double‐panda" sign by involving the midbrain. Conclusions: This study expands the clinical and radiological spectra of CNS lymphoma. Neuro‐ophthalmological and neuro‐otological evaluation may guide the early diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The temporal characteristics of stroke risks were evaluated in emergency department patients who had a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo. It was also attempted to reveal the stroke risk factor amongst those with peripheral vertigo. Methods: This is a parallel‐group cohort study in a tertiary referral hospital. After assigning each of 4367 matched patients to the comparative set of peripheral vertigo and appendicitis‐ureterolithiasis groups and each of 4911 matched patients to the comparative set of peripheral vertigo and ischaemic stroke groups, the relative stroke risk was evaluated. In addition, to predict the individual stroke risk in patients with peripheral vertigo, any association between the demographic factors and stroke events was evaluated in the peripheral vertigo group. Results: The peripheral vertigo group had a higher stroke risk than the appendicitis‐ureterolithiasis group (hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.18–2.55) but a lower risk than the ischaemic stroke group (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.37). The stroke risk of the peripheral vertigo group was just below that of small vessel stroke. The stroke risk of the peripheral vertigo group differed markedly by time: higher within 7 days, moderate between 7 days and 1 year, and diminished thereafter. Old age (>65 years), male gender and diabetes mellitus were the risk factors for stroke in the peripheral vertigo group. Conclusion: Patients with a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo in the emergency department showed a moderate future stroke risk and so a stroke preventive strategy tailored to the timing of symptom onset and individual risk is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]