1. Time course of the effects of lipopolysaccharide on prepulse inhibition and brain nitrite content in mice.
- Author
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Custódio CS, Mello BS, Cordeiro RC, de Araújo FY, Chaves JH, Vasconcelos SM, Nobre Júnior HV, de Sousa FC, Vale ML, Carvalho AF, and Macêdo DS
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain metabolism, Brain physiopathology, Corpus Striatum drug effects, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Corpus Striatum physiopathology, Cytokines blood, Cytokines metabolism, Hippocampus drug effects, Hippocampus metabolism, Hippocampus physiopathology, Male, Maze Learning drug effects, Mice, Motor Activity drug effects, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Prefrontal Cortex drug effects, Prefrontal Cortex metabolism, Prefrontal Cortex physiopathology, Reflex, Startle drug effects, Rotarod Performance Test, Swimming, Time Factors, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Brain drug effects, Inhibition, Psychological, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Nitrites metabolism
- Abstract
The systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces time-dependent behavioral alterations, which are related to sickness behavior and depression. The time-course effects of LPS on prepulse inhibition (PPI) remain unknown. Furthermore, the time-dependent effects of LPS on central nitrite content had not been investigated. Therefore, we studied alterations induced by single LPS (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) administration to mice on parameters, such as PPI, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, working memory, locomotor activity and motor coordination, 1.5 and 24h post-LPS administration. IL-1β and TNFα in the blood and brain as well as brain nitrite levels were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST). An overall hypolocomotion was observed 1.5h post-LPS, along with depressive-like behaviors and deficits in working memory. Increments in IL-1β content in plasma and PFC, TNFα in plasma and decreases in nitrite levels in the ST and PFC were also verified. Twenty-four hours post-LPS treatment, depressive-like behaviors and working memory deficits persisted, while PPI levels significantly reduced along with increases in IL-1β content in the PFC and a decrease in nitrite levels in the HC, ST and PFC. Our data demonstrate that a delayed increase (i.e., 24h post-LPS) in PPI levels ensue, which may be useful behavioral parameter for LPS-induced depression. A decrease in nitrergic neurotransmission was associated with these behavioral findings., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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