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The main purpose of this paper is to empirically calculate the Marxian categories of the Greek economy over a twenty-year period (1958–1977). The empirical estimates of both the basic Marxian variables and the fundamental relationships are calculated. Finally, the Marxian results are summarized and contrasted with relevant conventional measures. The results in this paper show a falling rate of profit along with a simultaneous rise of the organic composition of capital and the rate of surplus-value as these relate to the Greek economy and for the period under consideration.