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Start Over Author "Grobov A" Journal european physical journal c: particles and fields
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1. Precision measurement of the specific activity of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon with the DEAP-3600 detector

Author

P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, J. Anstey, G. R. Araujo, D. J. Auty, M. Baldwin, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, S. Choudhary, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, R. Crampton, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, P. Di Stefano, J. DiGioseffo, G. Dolganov, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, A. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, A. Giménez-Alcázar, D. Goeldi, V. V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, S. Haskins, C. Hearns, J. Hu, J. Hucker, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, A. Joy, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, M. Kuźniak, F. La Zia, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, J. LePage-Bourbonnais, N. Levashko, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, L. Luzzi, I. Machulin, P. Majewski, A. Maru, J. Mason, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, L. Mirasola, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, D. Papi, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, F. Rad, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, R. Santorelli, F. G. Schuckman II, N. Seeburn, S. Seth, V. Shalamova, K. Singhrao, P. Skensved, N. J. T. Smith, B. Smith, K. Sobotkiewich, T. Sonley, J. Sosiak, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Veloce, S. Viel, B. Vyas, M. Walczak, J. Walding, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, and DEAP Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The specific activity of the $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 ± 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector is well-suited to measure the decay of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar owing to its very low background levels. This is achieved in two ways: it uses low background construction materials; and it uses pulse-shape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoils. With 167 live-days of data, the measured specific activity at the time of atmospheric extraction is (0.964 ± 0.001 $$_\textrm{stat}$$ stat ± 0.024 $$_\textrm{sys}$$ sys ) Bq/kg $$_\textrm{atmAr}$$ atmAr , which is consistent with results from other experiments. A cross-check analysis using different event selection criteria and a different statistical method confirms the result.

Published
2023
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2. Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

Author

E. Aaron, P. Agnes, I. Ahmad, S. Albergo, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, P. Amaudruz, M. Atzori Corona, M. Ave, I. Ch. Avetisov, O. Azzolini, H. O. Back, Z. Balmforth, A. Barrado, P. Barrillon, A. Basco, G. Batignani, V. Bocci, W. M. Bonivento, B. Bottino, M. G. Boulay, J. Busto, M. Cadeddu, A. Caminata, N. Canci, A. Capra, S. Caprioli, M. Caravati, N. Cargioli, M. Carlini, P. Castello, P. Cavalcante, S. Cavuoti, S. Cebrian, J. M. Cela Ruiz, S. Chashin, A. Chepurnov, E. Chyhyrynets, L. Cifarelli, D. Cintas, M. Citterio, B. Cleveland, V. Cocco, E. Conde Vilda, L. Consiglio, S. Copello, G. Covone, M. Czubak, M. D’Aniello, S. D’Auria, M. D. Da Rocha Rolo, S. Davini, S. De Cecco, G. De Guido, D. De Gruttola, S. De Pasquale, G. De Rosa, G. Dellacasa, A. V. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. Di Capua, L. Di Noto, P. Di Stefano, G. Dolganov, F. Dordei, E. Ellingwood, T. Erjavec, S. Farenzena, M. Fernandez Diaz, G. Fiorillo, P. Franchini, D. Franco, N. Funicello, F. Gabriele, D. Gahan, C. Galbiati, G. Gallina, G. Gallus, M. Garbini, P. Garcia Abia, A. Gendotti, C. Ghiano, C. Giganti, G. K. Giovanetti, V. Goicoechea Casanueva, A. Gola, G. Grauso, G. Grilli di Cortona, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, M. Guan, M. Guerzoni, M. Gulino, C. Guo, B. R. Hackett, A. L. Hallin, A. Hamer, M. Haranczyk, T. Hessel, S. Hill, S. Horikawa, F. Hubaut, J. Hucker, T. Hugues, An. Ianni, V. Ippolito, C. Jillings, S. Jois, P. Kachru, A. A. Kemp, C. L. Kendziora, M. Kimura, I. Kochanek, K. Kondo, G. Korga, S. Koulosousas, A. Kubankin, M. Kuss, M. Kuźniak, M. La Commara, M. Lai, N. Lami, E. Le Guirriec, E. Leason, A. Leoni, L. Lidey, F. Lippi, M. Lissia, L. Luzzi, O. Lychagina, N. Maccioni, O. Macfadyen, I. N. Machulin, S. Manecki, I. Manthos, L. Mapelli, A. Margotti, S. M. Mari, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, A. Marini, M. Martínez, C. J. Martoff, M. Mascia, A. Masoni, G. Matteucci, K. Mavrokoridis, C. Maxia, A. B. McDonald, A. Messina, R. Milincic, A. Mitra, A. Moharana, S. Moioli, J. Monroe, E. Moretti, M. Morrocchi, T. Mróz, V. N. Muratova, C. Muscas, P. Musico, R. Nania, M. Nessi, K. Nikolopoulos, J. Nowak, K. Olchansky, A. Oleinik, V. Oleynikov, P. Organtini, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, G. Paternoster, P. A. Pegoraro, K. Pelczar, L. A. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, V. Pesudo, S. Piacentini, L. Pietrofaccia, N. Pino, A. Pocar, D. M. Poehlmann, S. Pordes, P. Pralavorio, D. Price, F. Ragusa, Y. Ramachers, M. Razeti, A. L. Renshaw, M. Rescigno, F. Retiere, L. P. Rignanese, C. Ripoli, A. Rivetti, A. Roberts, C. Roberts, J. Rode, G. Rogers, L. Romero, M. Rossi, A. Rubbia, M. A. Sabia, G. M. Sabiu, P. Salomone, E. Sandford, S. Sanfilippo, D. Santone, R. Santorelli, C. Savarese, E. Scapparone, G. Schillaci, F. Schukman, G. Scioli, M. Simeone, P. Skensved, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, T. Smirnova, B. Smith, F. Spadoni, M. Spangenberg, R. Stefanizzi, A. Steri, V. Stornelli, S. Stracka, M. Stringer, S. Sulis, A. Sung, Y. Suvorov, A. M. Szelc, R. Tartaglia, A. Taylor, J. Taylor, S. Tedesco, G. Testera, K. Thieme, T. N. Thorpe, A. Tonazzo, A. Tricomi, E. V. Unzhakov, T. Vallivilayil John, M. Van Uffelen, T. Viant, S. Viel, R. B. Vogelaar, J. Vossebeld, M. Wada, M. B. Walczak, H. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Westerdale, L. Williams, I. Wingerter-Seez, R. Wojaczyński, Ma. M. Wojcik, T. Wright, Y. Xie, C. Yang, A. Zabihi, P. Zakhary, A. Zani, A. Zichichi, G. Zuzel, M. P. Zykova, and DarkSide-20k Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The Aria cryogenic distillation plant, located in Sardinia, Italy, is a key component of the DarkSide-20k experimental program for WIMP dark matter searches at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Aria is designed to purify the argon, extracted from underground wells in Colorado, USA, and used as the DarkSide-20k target material, to detector-grade quality. In this paper, we report the first measurement of argon isotopic separation by distillation with the 26 m tall Aria prototype. We discuss the measurement of the operating parameters of the column and the observation of the simultaneous separation of the three stable argon isotopes: $${}^{36}\hbox {Ar}$$ 36 Ar , $${}^{38}\textrm{Ar}$$ 38 Ar , and $${}^{40}\textrm{Ar}$$ 40 Ar . We also provide a detailed comparison of the experimental results with commercial process simulation software. This measurement of isotopic separation of argon is a significant achievement for the project, building on the success of the initial demonstration of isotopic separation of nitrogen using the same equipment in 2019.

Published
2023
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3. Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach

Author

P. Agnes, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, M. Ave, H. O. Back, G. Batignani, K. Biery, V. Bocci, W. M. Bonivento, B. Bottino, S. Bussino, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, M. D. Campos, N. Canci, M. Caravati, N. Cargioli, M. Cariello, M. Carlini, V. Cataudella, P. Cavalcante, S. Cavuoti, S. Chashin, A. Chepurnov, C. Cicalò, G. Covone, D. D’Angelo, S. Davini, A. De Candia, S. De Cecco, G. De Filippis, G. De Rosa, A. V. Derbin, A. Devoto, M. D’Incecco, C. Dionisi, F. Dordei, M. Downing, D. D’Urso, M. Fairbairn, G. Fiorillo, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, C. Ghiano, C. Giganti, G. K. Giovanetti, A. M. Goretti, G. Grilli di Cortona, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, M. Guan, M. Gulino, B. R. Hackett, K. Herner, T. Hessel, B. Hosseini, F. Hubaut, E. V. Hungerford, An. Ianni, V. Ippolito, K. Keeter, C. L. Kendziora, M. Kimura, I. Kochanek, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, M. Kuss, M. La Commara, M. Lai, X. Li, M. Lissia, G. Longo, O. Lychagina, I. N. Machulin, L. P. Mapelli, S. M. Mari, J. Maricic, A. Messina, R. Milincic, J. Monroe, M. Morrocchi, X. Mougeot, V. N. Muratova, P. Musico, A. O. Nozdrina, A. Oleinik, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, K. Pelczar, N. Pelliccia, S. Piacentini, A. Pocar, D. M. Poehlmann, S. Pordes, S. S. Poudel, P. Pralavorio, D. D. Price, F. Ragusa, M. Razeti, A. Razeto, A. L. Renshaw, M. Rescigno, J. Rode, A. Romani, D. Sablone, O. Samoylov, E. Sandford, W. Sands, S. Sanfilippo, C. Savarese, B. Schlitzer, D. A. Semenov, A. Shchagin, A. Sheshukov, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, S. Stracka, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, A. Tonazzo, E. V. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, H. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Westerdale, M. M. Wojcik, X. Xiao, C. Yang, G. Zuzel, and DarkSide-50 Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model.

Published
2023
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4. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author

P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, D. J. Auty, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, J. DiGioseffo, P. Di Stefano, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, T. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, N. Levashko, X. Li, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, E. Sánchez-García, R. Santorelli, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, and DEAP Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\text{ Ar }$$ 39 Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.

Published
2021
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5. Separating $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ 39 Ar from $${^{40}\hbox {Ar}}$$ 40 Ar by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark-matter searches

Author

P. Agnes, S. Albergo, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. Alici, A. K. Alton, P. Amaudruz, M. Arba, P. Arpaia, S. Arcelli, M. Ave, I. Ch. Avetissov, R. I. Avetisov, O. Azzolini, H. O. Back, Z. Balmforth, V. Barbarian, A. Barrado Olmedo, P. Barrillon, A. Basco, G. Batignani, A. Bondar, W. M. Bonivento, E. Borisova, B. Bottino, M. G. Boulay, G. Buccino, S. Bussino, J. Busto, A. Buzulutskov, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, A. Caminata, E. V. Canesi, N. Canci, G. Cappello, M. Caravati, M. Cárdenas-Montes, N. Cargioli, M. Carlini, F. Carnesecchi, P. Castello, A. Castellani, S. Catalanotti, V. Cataudella, P. Cavalcante, S. Cavuoti, S. Cebrian, J. M. Cela Ruiz, B. Celano, S. Chashin, A. Chepurnov, C. Cicalò, L. Cifarelli, D. Cintas, F. Coccetti, V. Cocco, M. Colocci, E. Conde Vilda, L. Consiglio, S. Copello, J. Corning, G. Covone, P. Czudak, M. D’Aniello, S. D’Auria, M. D. Da Rocha Rolo, O. Dadoun, M. Daniel, S. Davini, A. De Candia, S. De Cecco, A. De Falco, G. De Filippis, D. De Gruttola, G. De Guido, G. De Rosa, M. Della Valle, G. Dellacasa, S. De Pasquale, A. V. Derbin, A. Devoto, L. Di Noto, F. Di Eusanio, C. Dionisi, P. Di Stefano, G. Dolganov, D. Dongiovanni, F. Dordei, M. Downing, T. Erjavec, S. Falciano, S. Farenzena, M. Fernandez Diaz, C. Filip, G. Fiorillo, A. Franceschi, D. Franco, E. Frolov, N. Funicello, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, M. Garbini, P. Garcia Abia, A. Gendotti, C. Ghiano, R. A. Giampaolo, C. Giganti, M. A. Giorgi, G. K. Giovanetti, M. L. Gligan, V. Goicoechea Casanueva, A. Gola, A. M. Goretti, R. Graciani Diaz, G. Y. Grigoriev, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, M. Guan, M. Guerzoni, M. Guetti, M. Gulino, C. Guo, B. R. Hackett, A. Hallin, M. Haranczyk, S. Hill, S. Horikawa, F. Hubaut, T. Hugues, E. V. Hungerford, An. Ianni, V. Ippolito, C. C. James, C. Jillings, P. Kachru, A. A. Kemp, C. L. Kendziora, G. Keppel, A. V. Khomyakov, A. Kish, I. Kochanek, K. Kondo, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, R. Kugathasan, M. Kuss, M. Kuźniak, M. La Commara, L. La Delfa, D. La Grasta, M. Lai, N. Lami, S. Langrock, M. Leyton, X. Li, L. Lidey, F. Lippi, M. Lissia, G. Longo, N. Maccioni, I. N. Machulin, L. Mapelli, A. Marasciulli, A. Margotti, S. M. Mari, J. Maricic, M. Marinelli, M. Martínez, A. D. Martinez Rojas, A. Martini, M. Mascia, M. Masetto, A. Masoni, A. Mazzi, A. B. McDonald, J. Mclaughlin, A. Messina, P. D. Meyers, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, R. Miola, A. Moggi, A. Moharana, S. Moioli, J. Monroe, S. Morisi, M. Morrocchi, E. N. Mozhevitina, T. Mróz, V. N. Muratova, A. Murenu, C. Muscas, L. Musenich, P. Musico, R. Nania, T. Napolitano, A. Navrer Agasson, M. Nessi, I. Nikulin, J. Nowak, A. Oleinik, V. Oleynikov, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, S. Palmas, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, G. Paternoster, P. A. Pegoraro, L. A. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, K. Pelczar, F. Perotti, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, F. Pietropaolo, T. Pinna, A. Pocar, P. Podda, D. M. Poehlmann, S. Pordes, S. S. Poudel, P. Pralavorio, D. Price, F. Raffaelli, F. Ragusa, A. Ramirez, M. Razeti, A. Razeto, A. L. Renshaw, S. Rescia, M. Rescigno, F. Resnati, F. Retiere, L. P. Rignanese, C. Ripoli, A. Rivetti, J. Rode, L. Romero, M. Rossi, A. Rubbia, M. Rucaj, G. M. Sabiu, P. Salatino, O. Samoylov, E. Sánchez García, E. Sandford, S. Sanfilippo, V. A. Sangiorgio, V. Santacroce, D. Santone, R. Santorelli, A. Santucci, C. Savarese, E. Scapparone, B. Schlitzer, G. Scioli, D. A. Semenov, B. Shaw, A. Shchagin, A. Sheshukov, M. Simeone, P. Skensved, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, B. Smith, A. Sokolov, R. Stefanizzi, A. Steri, S. Stracka, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, S. Sulis, Y. Suvorov, A. M. Szelc, J. Z. Szucs-Balazs, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, T. N. Thorpe, A. Tonazzo, S. Torres-Lara, S. Tosti, A. Tricomi, M. Tuveri, E. V. Unzhakov, G. Usai, T. Vallivilayil John, S. Vescovi, T. Viant, S. Viel, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, H. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Westerdale, R. J. Wheadon, L. Williams, Ma. M.Wojcik, Ma. Wojcik, X. Xiao, C. Yang, A. Zani, F. Zenobio, A. Zichichi, G. Zuzel, M. P. Zykova, and DarkSide-20k Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Aria is a plant hosting a $${350}\,\hbox {m}$$ 350 m cryogenic isotopic distillation column, the tallest ever built, which is being installed in a mine shaft at Carbosulcis S.p.A., Nuraxi-Figus (SU), Italy. Aria is one of the pillars of the argon dark-matter search experimental program, lead by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. It was designed to reduce the isotopic abundance of $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ 39 Ar in argon extracted from underground sources, called Underground Argon (UAr), which is used for dark-matter searches. Indeed, $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ 39 Ar is a $$\beta $$ β -emitter of cosmogenic origin, whose activity poses background and pile-up concerns in the detectors. In this paper, we discuss the requirements, design, construction, tests, and projected performance of the plant for the isotopic cryogenic distillation of argon. We also present the successful results of the isotopic cryogenic distillation of nitrogen with a prototype plant.

Published
2021
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6. SiPM-matrix readout of two-phase argon detectors using electroluminescence in the visible and near infrared range

Author

C. E. Aalseth, S. Abdelhakim, P. Agnes, R. Ajaj, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. Alici, A. K. Alton, P. Amaudruz, F. Ameli, J. Anstey, P. Antonioli, M. Arba, S. Arcelli, R. Ardito, I. J. Arnquist, P. Arpaia, D. M. Asner, A. Asunskis, M. Ave, H. O. Back, V. Barbaryan, A. Barrado Olmedo, G. Batignani, M. G. Bisogni, V. Bocci, A. Bondar, G. Bonfini, W. Bonivento, E. Borisova, B. Bottino, M. G. Boulay, R. Bunker, S. Bussino, A. Buzulutskov, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, A. Caminata, N. Canci, A. Candela, C. Cantini, M. Caravati, M. Cariello, F. Carnesecchi, A. Castellani, P. Castello, P. Cavalcante, D. Cavazza, S. Cavuoti, S. Cebrian, J. M. Cela Ruiz, B. Celano, R. Cereseto, S. Chashin, W. Cheng, A. Chepurnov, C. Cicalò, L. Cifarelli, M. Citterio, F. Coccetti, V. Cocco, M. Colocci, E. Conde Vilda, L. Consiglio, F. Cossio, G. Covone, P. Crivelli, I. D’Antone, M. D’Incecco, M. D. Da Rocha Rolo, O. Dadoun, M. Daniel, S. Davini, S. De Cecco, M. De Deo, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, G. De Guido, G. De Rosa, G. Dellacasa, P. Demontis, S. De Pasquale, A. V. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. Di Eusanio, L. Di Noto, G. Di Pietro, P. Di Stefano, C. Dionisi, G. Dolganov, F. Dordei, M. Downing, F. Edalatfar, A. Empl, M. Fernandez Diaz, C. Filip, G. Fiorillo, K. Fomenko, A. Franceschi, D. Franco, E. Frolov, G. E. Froudakis, N. Funicello, F. Gabriele, A. Gabrieli, C. Galbiati, M. Garbini, P. Garcia Abia, D. Gascón Fora, A. Gendotti, C. Ghiano, A. Ghisi, P. Giampa, R. A. Giampaolo, C. Giganti, M. A. Giorgi, G. K. Giovanetti, M. L. Gligan, O. Gorchakov, M. Grab, R. Graciani Diaz, M. Grassi, J. W. Grate, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, M. Guan, M. B. B. Guerra, M. Guerzoni, M. Gulino, R. K. Haaland, B. R. Hackett, A. Hallin, M. Haranczyk, B. Harrop, E. W. Hoppe, S. Horikawa, B. Hosseini, F. Hubaut, P. Humble, E. V. Hungerford, An. Ianni, A. Ilyasov, V. Ippolito, C. Jillings, K. Keeter, C. L. Kendziora, I. Kochanek, K. Kondo, G. Kopp, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, R. Kugathasan, M. Kuss, M. La Commara, L. La Delfa, M. Lai, M. Lebois, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, X. Li, Q. Liqiang, M. Lissia, G. U. Lodi, G. Longo, R. Lussana, L. Luzzi, A. A. Machado, I. N. Machulin, A. Mandarano, S. Manecki, L. Mapelli, A. Margotti, S. M. Mari, M. Mariani, J. Maricic, M. Marinelli, D. Marras, M. Martínez, A. D. Martinez Rojas, M. Mascia, J. Mason, A. Masoni, A. B. McDonald, A. Messina, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, A. Moggi, S. Moioli, J. Monroe, M. Morrocchi, T. Mroz, W. Mu, V. N. Muratova, S. Murphy, C. Muscas, P. Musico, R. Nania, T. Napolitano, A. Navrer Agasson, M. Nessi, I. Nikulin, V. Nosov, J. A. Nowak, A. Oleinik, V. Oleynikov, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, S. Palmas, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, F. Pazzona, S. Peeters, P. A. Pegoraro, K. Pelczar, L. A. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, N. Pelliccia, F. Perotti, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, F. Pietropaolo, A. Pocar, T. R. Pollmann, D. Portaluppi, S. S. Poudel, P. Pralavorio, D. Price, B. Radics, F. Raffaelli, F. Ragusa, M. Razeti, C. Regenfus, A. L. Renshaw, S. Rescia, M. Rescigno, F. Retiere, L. P. Rignanese, C. Ripoli, A. Rivetti, J. Rode, A. Romani, L. Romero, N. Rossi, A. Rubbia, P. Sala, P. Salatino, O. Samoylov, E. Sánchez García, E. Sandford, S. Sanfilippo, M. Sant, D. Santone, R. Santorelli, C. Savarese, E. Scapparone, B. Schlitzer, G. Scioli, E. Segreto, A. Seifert, D. A. Semenov, A. Shchagin, A. Sheshukov, S. Siddhanta, M. Simeone, P. N. Singh, P. Skensved, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, G. Sobrero, A. Sokolov, A. Sotnikov, R. Stainforth, A. Steri, S. Stracka, V. Strickland, G. B. Suffritti, S. Sulis, Y. Suvorov, A. M. Szelc, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, T. Thorpe, A. Tonazzo, A. Tosi, M. Tuveri, E. V. Unzhakov, G. Usai, A. Vacca, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, T. Viant, S. Viel, F. Villa, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, J. Wahl, J. J. Walding, H. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Westerdale, R. J. Wheadon, R. Williams, J. Wilson, Ma. M. Wojcik, Ma. Wojcik, S. Wu, X. Xiao, C. Yang, Z. Ye, M. Zuffa, G. Zuzel, and The DarkSide-20k collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches to record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal induced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. The “standard” EL mechanism is considered to be due to noble gas excimer emission in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). In addition, there are two alternative mechanisms, producing light in the visible and near infrared (NIR) ranges. The first is due to bremsstrahlung of electrons scattered on neutral atoms (“neutral bremsstrahlung”, NBrS). The second, responsible for electron avalanche scintillation in the NIR at higher electric fields, is due to transitions between excited atomic states. In this work, we have for the first time demonstrated two alternative techniques of the optical readout of two-phase argon detectors, in the visible and NIR range, using a silicon photomultiplier matrix and electroluminescence due to either neutral bremsstrahlung or avalanche scintillation. The amplitude yield and position resolution were measured for these readout techniques, which allowed to assess the detection threshold for electron and nuclear recoils in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical application of the NBrS effect in detection science.

Published
2021
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7. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author

DEAP Collaboration, P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, G. R. Araujo, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, C. E. Bina, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, A. Butcher, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, S. J. Daugherty, P. Di Stefano, K. Dering, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, A. Erlandson, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, A. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, E. A. Garcés, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, S. Langrock, F. La Zia, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, X. Li, O. Litvinov, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, P. Majewski, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, V. Pesudo, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, E. Sanchez García, T. Sánchez-Pastor, R. Santorelli, N. Seeburn, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Veloce, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, and A. Zuñiga-Reyes

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$ O (ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.

Published
2020
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8. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author

N. J. T. Smith, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, B. Lehnert, J. B. McLaughlin, K. Dering, I. N. Machulin, P. Garcia Abia, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, D. Goeldi, C. Ng, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Skensved, D. Gallacher, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, F. La Zia, M. Kuźniak, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Fiorillo, Stefano Cavuoti, T. Sánchez-Pastor, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Pasuthip, C. Hearns, F. Retiere, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, O. Kamaev, M. C. Piro, C. Stone, N. Levashko, A. Butcher, S. Westerdale, Darren Grant, P. Giampa, F. A. Duncan, B. Broerman, B. Beltran, N. Seeburn, O. Litvinov, P. Nadeau, A. Joy, X. Li, Monica Dunford, T. Sonley, S. Viel, A. L. Hallin, V. Pesudo, S. J. M. Peeters, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, Giuseppe Longo, J. Walding, P. Majewski, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Ajaj, R. Mehdiyev, A. Ilyasov, S. Langrock, P. Gorel, B. T. Cleveland, Martin Ward, C. Mielnichuk, Bhaskar Sur, C. E. Bina, G. R. Araujo, P. J. Harvey, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, S. J. Daugherty, A. Erlandson, J. Willis, Luca Doria, S. Pal, S. Garg, E. T. Rand, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, T. McElroy, R. Stainforth, P. Di Stefano, A. Grobov, K. Graham, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, A. Flower, M. Stringer, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, M. Hamstra, R. Gagnon, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, DEAP, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillation counter, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract

DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$O(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

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