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For supersymmetric gauge theories a consistent regularization scheme that preserves supersymmetry and gauge invariance is not known. In this article we tackle this problem for supersymmetric QED within the framework of algebraic renormalization. For practical calculations, a non-invariant regularization scheme may be used together with counterterms from all power-counting renormalizable interactions. From the Slavnov–Taylor identity, expressing gauge invariance, supersymmetry and translational invariance, simple symmetry conditions are derived that are important in a twofold respect: they establish exact relations between physical quantities that are valid to all orders, and they provide a powerful tool for the practical determination of the counterterms. We perform concrete one-loop calculations in dimensional regularization, where supersymmetry is spoiled at the regularized level, and show how the counterterms necessary to restore supersymmetry can be read off easily. In addition, a specific example is given how the supersymmetry transformations in one-loop order are modified by non-local terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]