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Sleep has numerous important functions in the body, such as consolidation of memory, concentration and learning. Changes in sleep cycles in adolescents lead to sleep deprivation with consequences to academic performance. Our research question was What are the sleep habits that influence school performance (study environment, study planning, study method, reading skills, motivation to study, overall school performance) in adolescents? We aimed to identify sleep habits predictors of the quality of school performance in adolescents. Research Methods: Crosssectional analytical study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with socio-demographic questions, sleep habits and school performance scale. The sample consisted of 380 students between 7th and 9th grade, with an average age of 13.56 ± 1.23 years in the school year 2011/2012, from a 2nd and 3rd Cycle Basic School of the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. Findings: School performance in adolescents was associated with better subjective quality of sleep (p=0.000), with longer sleep duration (p=0.000), with watching tv/video before sleep (p=0.000), with the habit of studying before bedtime (p=0.012), with no computer use (p=0.013) and with reading habits before bed (p=0.000). School performance was also associated with adolescents who reported not feeling sleepy during class. The teenagers who sleep more and better, and who watch tv/video, study, do not use computers, and who read before going to bed, have a better school performance. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Problem Statement: The transition to parenthood is considered normal; however, it includes the need for parental adjustment. Sometimes this transition can be disturbing and induce high levels of stress. Research Questions: How is bonding between the father and baby influenced by vulnerability to stress? Purpose of the Study: To identify the establishment of bonding between father and baby and to analyse how their emotional involvement can be influenced by vulnerability to stress. Research Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and explanatory study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample (N= 349 fathers), with a mean age of 31.84 years (SD= 6.067). Data is collected by a questionnaire applied up to 48 hours after birth, including sociodemographic, parent involvement and obstetric characterisation, the Bonding Scale (Figueiredo, et al., 2005) and the Vulnerability to Stress Scale ‐ 23 QVS (Vaz Serra, 2000). Findings: younger participants, who became fathers for the first time, were involved in the pregnancy and spoke with the baby during the gestational period demonstrated higher levels of positive bonding. It is not clear that those who monitored labour and picked up the child after birth showed high levels of bonding. Functional inhibition and dependency is the only factor which predicts vulnerability to stress. Conclusions: Bonding is a complex process which may be influenced by context and degree of involvement during pregnancy and childbirth. Vulnerability to paternal stress is multi-determined and may be accentuated in this period of transition to parenthood. Encouragement by health professionals in the father’s emotional involvement with the baby and in early detection of vulnerability to stress is pertinent. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk

Pain is considered the 5th vital sign and its measurement/assessment and records are required and must be systematic. Ineffective pain management involves complications in clinical status of patients, longer hospitalization times and higher costs with health. In the surgical patient with impaired cognition, hetero measurements should be made, based on behavioural and physiological indicators. We used to determine the efficacy and efficiency of the Observer Scale, the Abbey Pain Scale and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD). Our study is an applied, non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive and analytical research. The data collection instrument consisted of patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data, the Observer Scale, the Abbey Pain Scale (Rodrigues, 2013) and PAINAD (Batalha et al., 2012). We assessed pain at an early phase and 45 minutes after an intervention for its relief. The sample is non-probabilistic for convenience, consisting of 76 surgical patients with impaired cognition, admitted to the surgery services of a central hospital, aged between 38 and 96 years. There was a positive correlation between the results of the three scales, most evident in the initial evaluation. Pain intensity in the same patient is higher when assessed with PAINAD (OM = 2.16) and lower when assessed with the Observer Scale (OM = 1.78). The most effective and efficient scale is PAINAD. Due to the small sample size, we suggest confirmatory studies so that the results can be generalized.