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Objectives: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) often requires repeated enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to detect fibrosis. We aimed to develop a practical model based on cine imaging to help identify patients with high risk of fibrosis and screen out patients without fibrosis to avoid unnecessary injection of contrast. Methods: A total of 273 patients with HCM were divided into training and test sets at a ratio of 7:3. Logistic regression analysis was used to find predictive image features to construct CMR model. Radiomic features were derived from the maximal wall thickness (MWT) slice and entire left ventricular (LV) myocardium. Extreme gradient boosting was used to build radiomic models. Integrated models were established by fusing image features and radiomic models. The model performance was validated in the test set and assessed by ROC and calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: We established five prediction models, including CMR, R1 (based on the MWT slice), R2 (based on the entire LV myocardium), and two integrated models (ICMR+R1 and ICMR+R2). In the test set, ICMR+R2 model had an excellent AUC value (0.898), diagnostic accuracy (89.02%), sensitivity (92.54%), and F1 score (93.23%) in identifying patients with positive late gadolinium enhancement. The calibration plots and DCA indicated that ICMR+R2 model was well-calibrated and presented a better net benefit than other models. Conclusions: A predictive model that fused image and radiomic features from the entire LV myocardium had good diagnostic performance, robustness, and clinical utility. Key Points: • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is prone to fibrosis, requiring patients to undergo repeated enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect fibrosis over their lifetime follow-up. • A predictive model based on the entire left ventricular myocardium outperformed a model based on a slice of the maximal wall thickness. • A predictive model that fused image and radiomic features from the entire left ventricular myocardium had excellent diagnostic performance, robustness, and clinical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients are closely related to LA functional impairment. Left atrial (LA) strain provides more insight into LA function. The study aimed to investigate the left atrial dysfunction of HCM patients by rapid semi-automatic method and determine the predictive value of left atrial long-axis strain (LAS) for atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: We enrolled 372 HCM patients and 100 healthy participants to assess the LA functional parameters. LAS was obtained by semi-automated tracking of the distance between the mid-posterior point of LA wall which is defined as the intersection of the LA long axis and the posterior wall, and the origins of the mitral valve. The inferior and anterior mitral valve annular insertion points on the 2-chamber view and the lateral and septal insertion points on the 4-chamber view were chosen as the origins of the mitral valve. The clinical outcome was defined as detecting the onset of AF. Results: The LA strain values were analyzed as 20.8 ± 7.48% for εs, 9.81 ± 5.09% for εe, and 10.91 ± 4.24% for εa in HCM patients, which decreased significantly compared with normal controls. Significant correlations were detected between LV functional parameters and LA strain. During a median follow-up of 61 months, 44 (11.8%) patients developed AF. In the Cox regression analysis, LA strain was identified as a significant predictor of the onset of AF. Conclusions: HCM patients had impairment of LA strain before LA enlargement and reduced EF. LA-LAS can be used as a predictive value for predicting the occurrence of AF in HCM patients. Key points: • Fast semi-automated long-axis strain analysis by CMR is feasible and effective for evaluating the LA longitudinal function. • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients show significant impairment of left atrial strain before LA enlargement. • The left atrial long-axis strain was an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our aim was to examine the association between the extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at right ventricular insertion points (RVIP) and left ventricular (LV) functional parameters in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: Sixty-one HCM patients underwent echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) within one week. Mitral annular velocities (E/E') were obtained from echocardiography; LV ejection fraction (EF), LV mass index, LV wall maximal thickness, and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were obtained from MR. LGE extent was quantified (proportion of total LV myocardial mass) according to location: % RVIP-LGE and % non-RVIP-LGE. Results: Although LGE was commonly present in both apical (74 %) and non-apical HCMs (88 %) ( p = 0.163), RVIP-LGE was more frequent (86 % vs. 47 %, p = 0.002) in non-apical HCMs in which E/E' was significantly higher (19.23 ± 8.40 vs. 13.13 ± 5.06, p = 0.009). In addition, RVIP-LGE extent was associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (r = 0.45, p < 0.001 for E/E'; r = 0.53, p < 0.001 for LAVI) and lower LVEF (r = -0.42, p = 0.001). There was no correlation between non-RVIP-LGE extent and other parameters. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed RVIP-LGE extent as an independent predictor of E/E' ( β = 0.45, p < 0.001) and LAVI in HCM patients ( β = 0.53, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The extent of LGE at RVIPs in HCM patients is associated with increased estimated LV filling pressure and chronic diastolic burden. Key Points: • Late gadolinium enhancement at RV insertion points is frequently seen in HCM. • RVIP-LGE extent is correlated with increased estimated LV filling pressure in HCM. • Non-RVIP-LGE extent did not show any association with LV diastolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon demyelinating disorder with a relapsing and remitting or continuously progressive course. Hypertrophic nerve roots, sometimes associated with gadolinium enhancement, has been reported more commonly in lumbar spine and less commonly in the brachial plexus and cervical roots; however, diffuse involvement of intercostal nerves bilaterally has never been reported previously. We present MRI findings which include diffuse enlargement and mild enhancement of roots and extraforaminal segments of nerves in all segments except a short segment between T12-L2 as well as all the intercostal nerves in a case of CIPD with a 10-year history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]