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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy (LPA) is performed not only in hereditary but also in sporadic diseases as well. The per-operative identification of adrenal mass marg...

Purpose: To evaluate the factors affecting urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and relationship between urinary diversion type and urethral recurrence rates. Patients and methods: In our 504 radical cystectomy series, 287 male patients whose final pathological were urothelial carcinoma were included in the study. The relationship between urethral recurrence and pathological stage, grade, lymph node involvement and diversion type was researched in addition to risk factors for urethral recurrence. Results: A Total of 287 patients. Orthotopic continent urinary diversion (OCD) and ileal conduit (IC) was performed after radical cystectomy in 141 (49.1%) and 146 (50.9%) patients respectively. Urethral recurrence was observed in 11 (3.8%) patients and urethral recurrence rates in OCD and IC groups were 1.4% and 6.2% (p ¼ 0.034). Pathological stages of recurrent patients were 2 pT1, 1 pT2 and 8 pT4 respectively (p < 0.001). Urethral recurrence was significantly lower in OCD group when compared to IC group (p ¼ 0.036). When all parameters were analyzed using Cox multivariate regression analysis, the most important factor that affects urethral recurrence was pathological T stage (p < 0.001). Risk factors for urethral recurrence were present in 92 patients. Urethral recurrence rates in patients with and without risk factors were 8.69% and 1.53% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In this study, pathological stage was found to be the most important factor affecting urethral recurrence and prostatic stromal invasion was an important prognostic factor in these cases. Although risk factors for urethral recurrence were similar in both groups, urethral recurrence rates were significantly lower in OCD group when compared to IC group.

Objective: Laparoscopic surgery has become increasingly popular in urology over the last decade. This survey was performed to evaluate the current practice patterns in laparoscopy among urologists in Turkey. Material and methods: A detailed questionnaire about urologic laparoscopic practice patterns was distributed to 1242 urologists who were working in Turkey. The questions pertained to age, practice demographics, and the amount and variety of laparoscopy performed. Results: Nearly half of the respondents (48.3%) already performed laparoscopy. Of the urologists in academic settings, including university hospitals and education and research hospitals, 69.6% and 59.4% performed laparoscopy, respectively. In state hospitals, the percentage of those who performed laparoscopy was lower (26.9%). The most important reasons mentioned for performing laparoscopy were shorter hospital stay, patient requests and greater flexibility of possible surgical techniques. The main laparoscopic procedures performed were nephrectomy (benign indication), 91%; renal cyst decortications, 90%; nephrectomy (malign indication), 65%; laparoscopic stone surgery, 47% and pyeloplasty, 38%. A large percentage (77.2%) of respondents intended to attend continuing education and to perform laparoscopy in the future. Conclusions: Our results show that laparoscopic practice steadily increases in frequency and that urologists are willing to substitute open surgery for laparoscopic surgery. The performance of laparoscopic surgery has become a goal for most urologists in Turkey to achieve in the near future.