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Traditional Chinese medicine has been used for the treatment of acne for over two thousand years, with the characteristics of consideration to both manifestation and root cause, regulation for both internal and external factors, few adverse drug reactions, and low dependence. This article reviews the historical evolution, modern clinical research, and product analysis of the application of traditional Chinese medicine in acne disease through literature review and reports. Through tracking the historical origins, summarizing the current application status, exploring the excellent methods of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acne, the development direction was analyzed. Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in acne disease, with numerous treatment methods, including oral therapy, external therapy, and special therapy, which has significant therapeutic effects during the treatment process. Due to individual differences, treatment should be based on patients’ physical condition and appropriate treatment methods should be selected. This article aims to systematically explain the acne treatment experience of clinicians, and provide reference for future clinical traditional Chinese medicine treatment for acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mongolian medicine Wulan—13 (WL—13) decoction was first recorded in the “Tongwagajid”, and then included in the 1998 edition of the “Drug Standards of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China” (Mongolian Medicine Volume). It is composed of Gardeniae fructus, Chebulae fructus, Toosendan fructus, Inula helenium, Kaempferia galanga, Rubus sachajinensis, Sophora flavescens, Rubia cordifolia, Arnebia guttata bunge, Eriobotrya japonica leaf, Trollius chinensis bumge, Trollius chinensis and Acorn. WL—13 decoction has the efficacy for abatement of fever, and is mainly used to treat Xuere, headache, conjunctival hyperemia, hypertension, fever, cold, white-pulse disease, pneumonia, epistaxis, skin rash, heatstroke, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases, and have potential research value. This review explores the historical history, prescription explanation, clinical application and experimental research progress of WL—13, with a view to providing theoretical support for the modernization research of WL—13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical application rationality of Chinese patent medicines based on the application of Chinese patent medicine and the review of special medical orders in a grade Ⅲ, level A integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine hospital ( hereinafter referred to as “ the hospital ”). METHODS: Retrospective study was conducted to analyze the categories, consumption sum, use intensity, defined daily dose system (DDDs), drug consumption sum ranking (B) / DDDs ranking (A) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) related to Chinese patent medicines in the ward of the hospital from 2021 to 2022. Totally 4 800 inpatient medical orders with Chinese patent medicines from 2021 to 2022 were selected for special medical order review, and irrational drug use problems existing in clinical application of Chinese patent medicines were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: Traditional Chinese medicine injections were widely used in the inpatient department of this hospital. The top 5 drugs ranked by consumption sum in 2 consecutive years included Shenkang injection, brucea jananica oil injection, and Xingnaojing injection. Shenkang injection and brucea jananica oil injection ranked the top 3 in terms of use intensity. The drugs with B / A > 1. 5 were Ningmitai capsules, Kuanxiong aerosol inhalation and Peiyuan Tongnao capsules, Shenkang injection with B / A <0. 5 for 2 consecutive years, while the B / A of most Chinese patent medicines was from 0. 5 to 1. 5. Among the 4 800 inpatient medical orders with Chinese patent medicines, there were 465 cases (9. 69%) with irrational drug use. The irrational drug use problems were mainly related to drugs of dampness removing, drugs of blood stasis removing and resuscitation, which were mainly manifested as inappropriate indications, repeated drug use, improper drug combination, and inappropriate usage, dosage and course of treatment. In the ADR reports related to Chinese patent medicines, oral dosage forms accounted for the highest proportion, followed by injections CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application of Chinese patent medicine in the hospital is basically reasonable, and it is necessary to focus on the use of traditional Chinese medicine injections and ADR, and further promote clinical rational drug use and reduce adverse drug reactions by carrying out the relevant work of medical order review and strengthening medication supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huobahuagen tablet is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation made from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Kunming Shanhaitang. Clinical application proves that it has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Huobahuagen tablet has the advantages of less adverse reactions and higher efficiency on the basis of hormone-like effects, which is mainly used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. However, in recent years, literature have shown that the drug can also be applied to kidney disease, and achieved significant clinical efficacy. In this paper, the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, such as dampness, heat and stasis are discussed. Combined with clinical application and literature reports in the past two decades, the clinical application progress of Huobahuagen tablet in the treatment of chronic kidney disease is reviewed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rules of asarum in the prescription of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces in Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (hereinafter referred to as “the hospital”), so as to provide reference for the rational application of asarum in the treatment of skin diseases. METHODS: Outpatient traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces prescriptions containing asarum diagnosed with skin diseases in the hospital in 2021 were extracted, and the prescription information was collected. Frequency analysis and association rule analysis were carried out for the application of asarum. RESULTS: A total of 1 004 traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces prescriptions were included, mainly from the department of dermatology and traditional Chinese medicine. Asarum was mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine decoction, with the dosage from 2 to 15 g. There were 580 prescriptions (57. 77%) with off-label use of traditional Chinese medicine. Frequency analysis results showed that the degree of off-label use in Asarum were 2 to 5 times, and no adverse drug reactions were found. The syndrome types with high frequency of asarum were diagnosed as cold-dampness syndrome, dampness-heat syndrome, and spleen deficiency and dampness excess syndrome. Association rule analysis results showed that the core drugs strongly associated with asarum were asarum, osmanthus twig and angelica sinensis, asarum, osmanthus twig and attached pieces. The core drug pair mainly included asarum and cinnamomum twig, angelica sinensis, poria cocos and licorice. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis of prescription drugs, asarum often used in combination with cinnamon twig, angelica sinensis, poria cocos and licorice to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity, and there is a certain off-label use of asarum in the clinical treatment of skin diseases. The clinical application of asarum in the treatment of skin diseases provides data support for the reasonable compatibility and safe dose range of traditional Chinese medicine, which is conducive to promoting clinical safe drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mongolian medicine Qiwei Guangzao prescription is derived from “Empirical Formla” and included in “the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China”, as a compound preparation of Mongolian medicine, which is composed of Guangzao, myristica fragrans, clove, costustoot, resina liquidamberis, agilawood and beef heart powder, and can be in the form of water pill and large honey pill. According to the variation of clinical application, the Qiwei Guangzao pill has significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic heart failure, CHD angina, asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, stable exertional angina and heart stabbing pain, without adverse drug reactions, and has safe, effective and stable quality characteristics, which can be further studied. Through collecting and organizing literature, combining with the current situation of clinical application, this article has conducted basal examination and formula analysis on the Mongolian experimental formula Qiwei Guangzao pills by using literature review method, and reviewed its clinical application, so as to provide reference basis for further development and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of antibiotics in Jianhu Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University( hereinafter referred to as "the hospital"), so as to provide reference for deepening the control of clinical application of antibiotics. METHODS: In Mar. 2019, the hospital started to implement the closed-loop integrated intervention before, during and after the whole process, and retrieved data on clinical application of antibiotics for inpatients in the hospital before(from Jul. to Dec. 2018) and after(from Jul. to Dec. 2019 and from Jul. to Dec. 2020) the intervention respectively. The application rate and intensity of antibiotics, consumption sum of all kinds of antibiotics and the proportion in total consumption sum, and the defined daily dose system ( DDDs ) of antibiotics for special application and the proportion in total DDDs were statistically analyzed before and after intervention. RESULTS: Before intervention( from Jul. to Dec. 2018), the application rate of antibiotics in inpatients in the hospital was 53. 91 % ( 12 179/ 22 590) . After intervention, the application rate of antibiotics in inpatients in the hospital decreased significantly, which was 51. 78%( 13 608/ 26 281) from Jul. to Dec. 2019 and 50. 39% ( 12 095/ 24 004) from Jul. to Dec. 2020, with statistical significance compared with that before intervention ( P 0. 05 ) . Before and after intervention, the proportion of consumption sum of antibiotics in the total consumption sum of drugs in the same period decreased. From Jul. to Dec. 2018, from Jul. to Dec. 2019, and from Jul. to Dec. 2020, the proportions were respectively 16. 89% ( 9 365 300 yuan/55 448 500 yuan ), 15. 44% (9 757 400 yuan/63 193 200 yuan) and 15. 13% ( 8 760 400 yuan/57 919 300 yuan). The proportion of DDDs of antibiotics for special application in total DDDs of antibiotics decreased first and then increased. From Jul. to Dec. 2018, from Jul. to Dec. 2019 and from Jul. to Dec. 2020, the proportions were respectively 5. 60% ( 4 997. 25/ 89 300. 46), 4. 61 % ( 4 278. 38/92 724. 24) and 5. 29% ( 4 779. 33/90 346. 50). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive intervention measures implemented by the hospital are feasible and effective, which can promote the rational and standardized application of antibiotics, yet the quality control indicators still need to be continuously improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical application of human albumin injection in inpatients of Beijing Hospital ( hereinafter referred to as "our hospital"), and to evaluate the application rationality, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was adopted, the information system was used to collect the relevant data of inpatients with human albumin injection in our hospital from 2019 to 2020. Excel 2007 and SPSS 21. 0 were used to screen, statistically analyze the patients' age, clinical diagnosis, medication course, dosage and serum albumin level before medication. RESULTS: From 2019 to 2020, a total of 5 685 inpatients in our hospital used human albumin injection ( with 2848 cases in 2019 and 2 837 cases in 2020), including 33 departments, and patients in the thoracic surgery and general surgery were more likely to use the drugs. The majority of personal daily dosage was from 20 g to 70 g. The course of medication was mainly 2 d and 3 d. The serum albumin level of most patients before medication was less than 30 g/L. A total of 1 433 cases ( 25. 21 % ) complied with the seven indications recommended in the drug instructions, mainly for the prevention and treatment of hypoproteinemia and adult respiratory distress syndrome. There were 1090 cases ( 19.17%) in line with UHC guideline indications, and the main reason for medication was hypoproteinemia. CONCLUSIONS: Human albumin injection is widely used in our hospital, and there are still some misunderstandings in clinical application. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of its rational application. Clinicians should strictly grasp the indications of human albumin injection and use drugs with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pain is one of the common clinical symptoms, which brings a great burden to patients and society. At present, western medicine has definite analgesic effects, but its long-term use is prone to cause various adverse drug reactions, while traditional Chinese medicine analgesia has a long history in clinical application, which is of great significance in relieving pain and improving life quality of patients. Through literature retrieval, this article has reviewed the clinical application and characteristic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic pain, with a view to providing more reference and theoretical basis for the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rationality of clinical application of compound treotide injection and prescription review in People’ s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( hereinafter referred to as “ our hospital”), and explore the intervention mode of our hospital, so as to provide reference for clinical application and management. METHODS: Retrospective investigation and research were used to collect the clinical usage, consumption sum, rational rate of prescriptions of compound treotide injection, and interviews of clinicians in the department of discipline inspection and supervision of our hospital in 2019 for statistical analysis. The application rationality of compound treotide injection in our hospital and the effects of multi-department intervention management mode were evaluated. RESULTS: From Jan. to Jun. 2019, the consumption sum of compound treotide injection in our hospital showed an increasing trend, and the maximum consumption sum in a single month was 1 389 700 yuan. In 2019, compound treotide injection was mainly used in 13 departments of our hospital, including 3 surgical departments and 10 internal medicine departments. And surgery was the main department, with a total consumption amount of 68. 64% (5 328 800 yuan /7 763 800 yuan). From Jul. to Dec. 2019, a total of 1020 outpatient and emergency patients and inpatients received compound treotide injection, among which 237 cases were irrational, and the irrational application rate was 23. 24%. The irrational application rate of compound treotide injection was 95. 28% (101/106) in outpatient and emergency patients, and 14. 88% ( 136/914) in inpatients. Inappropriate indications and inappropriate dosage were the main irrational problems. After intervention, the usage and consumption sum (2940 doses, 399 800 yuan) of compound triterpene injection in Dec. 2019 were decreased by 71. 23% compared with that in Jun. 2019 (10219 doses, 1 389 700 yuan), and the rational prescription rate increased from 69. 87% (211/302) in Jul. 2019 to 94. 78% (109/115) in Dec. 2019. After control, various indicators were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application of compound treotide injection in our hospital is irrational. The effective supervision of compound treotide injection can be achieved through the multi-department intervention management mode, and the rational rate of clinical drug application can be significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Septic shock is a common acute and critical disease in the emergency department. It refers to the persistent hypotension caused by severe infection, and the acute circulatory failure that is difficult to correct after adequate fluid resuscitation, which can quickly lead to severe damage of tissues and organs. The main cause of death is multi-organ failure, with a higher fatality rate. Anisodamine, an anticholinergic drug extracted from Chinese Solanaceae, can dilate the blood vessels, improve the microcirculation, improve the cardiovascular function, protect cells and reduce the blood lactic acid concentration, and decrease the mortality of septic shock. It is an important auxiliary means for the treatment of septic shock and is worthy of clinical application. This study systematically collected and reviewed the related literature on the treatment of septic shock with anisodamine by searching the databases of CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database. The results showed that anisodamine was effective in the treatment of septic shock, and its main anti-shock mechanisms included relieving vasospasm, improving microcirculation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, blocking M-cholinergic receptor, stimulating the respiratory center of the body, regulating the vagus nerve and inhibiting the gland secretion. It is hoped that this review can provide a reference for the clinical application of anisodamine in the treatment of septic shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisodamine is an anticholinergic drug isolated from the Chinese Solanaceae. It is an M choline receptor blocker and is mainly used in the treatment of septic shock, smooth muscle spasm, peripheral vascular disease(thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, etc.), various neuralgia, vertigo and fundus diseases(central retinitis, retinal arterial thrombosis). In this study, the clinical application literature of anisodamine was reviewed and analyzed by systematically searching databases such as CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database. The results showed that anisodamine was mainly used for septic shock, smooth muscle spasm, vertigo, acute pancreatitis, calculous renal colic and bronchial asthma; in the meantime, anisodamine was also used in diabetic foot, gestational hypertension, anesthesia and endoscopy. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for the clinical application and further study of anisodamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton pump inhibitors(PPI) have exact effects in treatment of acid-related diseases such as peptic ulcer, which are widely applied in clinical practice, and also with some potential risks. This paper analyzed and summarized the potential medication risks in the clinical application of PPI, which aimed to provide theoretical reference for hospital pharmacy department to strengthen the drug management of PPI and promote the rational application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application rationality of human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection in Fujian Provincial Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), and to put forward improvement measures for irrational phenomenon, so as to to make the clinical application more reasonable and standardized. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was adopted, 596 patients with application of human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection were extracted from our hospital in 2016, and statistical analysis was conducted on patients’ gender, age and disease diagnosis. Based on the relevant clinical guidelines abroad, combined with the drug instructions, the clinical application rationality of human immunoglobulin(pH4) for intravenous injection in our hospital was evaluated. RESULTS: The effective cases were 595, including 341 males and 254 females, aged 0-100 years old, with an average of 32.2 years old, and children < 10 years took the lead. A total of 34 departments in our hospital applied human immunoglobulin(pH4) for intravenous injection, mainly concentrated in pediatrics, critical care and other departments, often used in severe pneumonia, neonatal ABO hemolysis and other diseases. There were 168 cases (28.2%) with off-label drug use, and 89 cases (15.0%) were not recommended or not mentioned in the guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: In our hospital, there is off-label drug use in human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection, therefore, relevant departments of hospitals should strengthen the drug administration supervision and promote the rational drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of oral dosage form and intravenous drip dosage form of voriconazole in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(hereinafter referred to as "our hospital"), and to probe into the application characteristics and tendency of voriconazole, so as to provide references for the clinical reasonable medication and scientific management of voriconazole. METHODS: The clinical application of voriconazole in inpatients from our hospital during 2012-2016 was retrospectively analyzed. Excel software was used to calculate the application departments of voriconazole, the application rate of each department, the frequency of medication and the consumption amount; and the statistical results were analyzed. RESULTS: During 2012-2016, the application rate of oral voriconazole and voriconazole for injection increased continuously, and the frequency of medication showed a trend of increasing year by year; departments with the highest frequency of voriconazole administration were respectively department of urology, hematology, ICU and emergency. The application departments of voriconazole and the consumption amount of the voriconazole were in an increasing tendency. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application of voriconazole has been increasing gradually and its range of application has been expanding. Therefore, voriconazole plays an important role in the application of antifungal drugs in our hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To study the suitability of Aidi injections in clinical application, so as to provide reference for the rational application of drugs in clinic. METHODS: By retrospective study methods and SPSS 19. 0 and Clementine 12.0 hospital information system, statistical analysis was conducted on administration information of inpatients with application of Aidi injections of Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in 2015 extracted by hospital information system. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The clinical usage and dosage, administration route and scope of indications of Aidi injections all coincide with the dispensatory, yet there are still some differences in solvent categories, dosage selection and application courses, therefore, further study is essential for effects caused by these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usage of Shenfushu granules in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”). METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical application status of Shenfushu granules during 2012-2016，Excel software was adopted to collect the distribution of departments' annual application rate’ defined daily dose system (DDDs), use intensity, use amount and distribution of diagnosis, analysis was conducted on the statistical data. RESULTS： During 2012-2016, the application rate of Shenfushu granules were in an increasing tendency in addition of the DDDs. The top departments ranked by application rate of Shenfushu granules was department of kidney disease of internal' rheumatism and immunology' endocrinology, blood internal medicine, geriatrics and traditional Chinese medicine, etc； the number of application department and consumption amount increased year by year. CONCLUSIONS： The application range of Shenfushu granules in our hospital is increasing, except for the application in the primary renal disease, other new application can be involved like kidney disease induced by other causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of carbapenems in Gongyi City People’s Hospital(hereinafter referred to as "our hospital"), so as to provide references for clinical application and supervision on carbapenems. METHODS: 2 705 pieces of medical history with application of carbapenems from Jul. 2016 to Jun. 2018 in our hospital were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: From Jul. 2017 to Jun. 2018, the consumption sum of carbapenems in our hospital had risen from 3.627 7 million yuan during Jul. 2016-Jun. 2017 to 5.483 6 million yuan, the defined daily dose system(DDDs) had risen from 8 216.76 to 13 268.5, antibiotics use density had risen from 1.64 DDDs/(100 people·d) to 2.20 DDDs/(100 people·d), all with significant increasing; of the 2 705 pieces of medical history with application of carbapenems, 2 456 were meropenem, 108 were imipenem and 141 were biapenem; the number of gram-negative bacteria had increased, the clinical anti-infective efficacy to meropenem and the sensitivity of bacteria had been reduced, which need to apply biapenem, the new type of carbapenem. CONCLUSION: The application of carbapenem in our hospital is basically reasonable, the application of biapenem should be especially strengthened to reduce bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of warfarin for anti-coagulant therapy of inpatients in Zhongshan People’s Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “ our hospital ”), so as to provide references for the standardization of clinical rational application of warfarin. METHODS: 380 inpatient medical orders with application of warfarin in our hospital from May 2014 to Apr. 2017 were collected and analyzed in terms of clinical indications, dosages, international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring and incidence of complications. RESULTS: Most warfarin was applied for the treatment and prevention of thrombus, prevention of thromboembolic complications caused by atrial fibrillation or prosthetic valve replacement, with dosage of 1.03-3.75 mg in inpatients; patients with INR <2.0 accounted for 43.95% (167/380), INR of 2.0-3.0 accounted for 34.74% (132/380), INR >3.0-5.0 accounted for 12.11% (46/380), and INR >5.0 accounted for 9.21% (35/380); the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 6.58% (25/380), mainly were oral gingival mucosal bleeding, urinary bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and so on, with 2 cases of hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: At present, the clinical application of warfarin is still lack of standardization, with low INR compliance rale; there are many factors affecting the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, including drugs, food, environment, genetics, ethnicity and physical condition, etc., so that actively strengthen the intervention of warfarin and pharmaceutical care is of great significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of Chinese medicinal granules and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, to investigate the attitudes of clinicians and patients towards Chinese medicinal granules, to probe into the impact of Chinese medicinal granules on traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and its application prospects. METHODS: Data of the application of Chinese medicinal granules and traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University Irom Aug. 2014 to Jul. 2017 was collected and analyzed in terms of usage amount, consumption sum, number and amount of prescription; to investigate the opinions of clinicians and patients towards Chinese medicinal granules through questionnaire survey. RESULTS; During Aug. 2014 to Jul. 2015, die consumption sum of Chinese medicinal granules was in a stable increasing, the consumption sum of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces was in a rapid decreasing and remained stable alter Aug. 2015; alter Aug. 2016, the consumption sum of Chinese medicinal granules was in continuous declination, which reduced to 231.2 thousand yuan (rom May to Jul. 2017, accounted for 28. 37% of that of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece. The average price of Chinese medicinal granules was (146.38 ±4.71) yuan/kg, the average amount of prescription was (206. 15 ± 35.95) yuan; the average price of Chinese medicinal granules was (117.71 ± 11.81) yuan/kg, the average amount of prescription was ( 151.91 ± 24.47) yuan. The results of questionnaire survey on the opinions of clinicians and patients towards Chinese medicinal granules indicated dial people who chose "totally acceptable" and "unacceptable" accounted less, people who chose "may consider" accounted the most. CONCLUSIONS: As for the supplement of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, the application of Chinese medicinal granules is under clinical and social bases. Clinical efficacy and price are die main troubles for its application, which can be solved by equivalence research and pharmacoeconomic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application rationality of Ambroxol tablets in outpatient prescriptions from Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), so as to provide basis for development of pharmaceutical care and management. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was adopted, 50 210 outpatient prescriptions were randomly extracted, the application status and rationality of Ambroxol tablets was analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 50 210 outpatient prescriptions, prescriptions containing Ambroxol tablets were 414: among which, Ambroxol tablets in 192 prescriptions(46.38%) were use for otitis media, most of the prescriptions were off-label use. The usage and dosage of Ambroxol tablets were rational, and the treatment course was proper.CONCLUSIONS: Most application of Ambroxol tablets in our hospital are off-label use, which need the further study to confirm the effectiveness.And few prescriptions were irrational in terms of the indications, usage and dosage, and treatment course, it is necessary to improve and strengthen the medication guidance for patients in pharmaceutical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To probe into the clinical efficacy and safety of alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate in treatment of chronic renal failure. METHODS: 185 patients with chronic renal failure admitted into Shangqiu the First People's Hospital from May 2013 to Jul. 2016 were selected to be divided into control group (93 cases) and observation group (92 cases) via the random number table. The control group received conventional treatment, while the observation group additionally received alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate based on the control group. The renal function, blood indicators and incidence of adverse drug reactions of two groups were compared. RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , serum creatinine (Scr) and uric acid(UA) of two groups and 24 h protein level of observation group decreased significantly after treatment, yet the endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Cer) of two groups increased significantly, and the BUN, Ser, UA and 24 h protein level of observation group were lower than those of control group, yet Ccr was higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). The low blood viscosity, high blood viscosity, plasm viscosity, TG level of two groups and TC level of observation group decreased significantly, and the observation group was lower than those of control group, with statistically significant difference! P <0. 05). There was no severe adverse drug reactions in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate in treatment of chronic renal failure can significantly improve the renal function in patients with chronic renal failure with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application status of troxerutin and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection in Xiamen the Fifth Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), so as to provide reference for the clinical treatment and supervision of adjuvant drugs. METHODS: A total of 907 inpatients with troxerutin and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection in our hospital in 2015 were selected from the electronic medical record system (HIS). The data were recorded and statistically analyzed in terms of patients'age, gender, distribution of clinical department, medical diagnosis, usage and dosage, treatment course, compatibility of medicines, and contraindication, etc. RESULTS: Of the 907 cases, the majority (744 cases, 82. 03%) were those inpatients over 45 years old. Department of neurology and general internal medicine took the lead (602 cases, 66. 37%). And patients with off-lable drug use were 323 cases(35. 61%). Irrational application of drugs were mainly performed as dosage, liquor concentration, treatment course, combination drug therapy and contraindication. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application of troxerutin and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection in our hospital is far from perfect, major issues were insufficient dosage and liquor concentration, contraindication, too long or too short treatment course. It is suggested to strengthen the management of the rational application of troxerutin and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection, and encourage clinical pharmacist play key role in promoting clinical application of drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the application status of albumin in Longyan the First Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), so as to promote the rational drug application in clinic. METHODS: 350 medical orders with application of albumin during 2012-2015 were randomly extracted bu computers, by retrospective analysis method, analysis was conducted on the original disease, medicine diagnosis, usage and dosage, and the rationality of drug application was evaluated. RESULTS:The total consumption amount of albumin for 350 cases were 56 000 g, the consumption sum was 1 058 400 yuan; the highest and lowest personal consumption were respectively 1 760 g and 20 g, the average was (153. 12 ±201. 03) g. Patients in ICU took the lead(70 cases, 20%). Human serum albumin were mainly used for orthopaedics, tumor, respiratory system and hematological system diseases. There were 50 patients with irrational drug use, 300 patients with rational drug use, the rational rate was 85. 71%. CONCLUSIONS:The application of human serum albumin in our hospital is basically rational, yet it is still necessary to strengthen the participation of pharmacits, so as to provide reference for the rational application of drugs in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the irrational application of outpatient glucocorticoid drugs, and to provide reference for the rational drug use in clinic. METHODS: From 193 852 outpatient prescriptions in three hospital of of Zhuhai in 2013, 800 prescriptions were selected each month according to the equidistant sampling method. Prescriptions with glucocorticoid drugs were screened, retrospective analysis was conducted on the application of outpatient glucocorticoid drugs. RESULTS: Of the 9 593 prescriptions, there were 1 213 cases with glucocorticoid drugs, accounting for 12. 64%; among which, over indications medication were 686 cases, accounting for 56. 55% of prescriptions with glucocorticoid drugs; the top three were 176 cases of acute bronchitis (25. 66%), 168 cases of upper respiratory tract infection (24. 49%) and 139 cases of acute tonsillitis (20. 26 %). CONCLUSIONS: There are some irrational phenomenon in the surveyed outpatient medical institutions in terms of selection of drug and route of administration. It is necessary to establish scientific training system, strengthen management and supervision in clinical application and improve the pertinence of prescription review in this kind of drugs so as to increase the level of rational drug use in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]