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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of medication compliance in the elderly with multiple chronic conditions, and probe into the influencing factors, so as to improve patients’ medication compliance and promote rational drug use. METHODS: The general data, disease information and drug use information of 724 retired military officers from 30 cadre convalesces in Shanghai were collected by questionnaire survey. SPSS 27. 0 statistical software was used for data processing and analysis. Univariate χ 2 test was used for comparison between different groups, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients’ medication compliance. RESULTS: A total of 674 valid questionnaires were collected. Patients with different marital status, living status, number of drugs, number of diseases and sleep quality had different medication compliance, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, living status and number of diseases were the influencing factors of medication compliance (P<0. 05). Patients who were divorced or widowed, lived alone, or had a large number of diseases were more likely to forget to take drugs, and were more likely to reduce or stop the medication when their symptoms worsened or other discomfort occurred. Patients with more kinds of diseases were more likely to forget the usage and dosage of drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The medication compliance of the elderly with multiple chronic conditions in cadre convalesces is generally not high, suggesting that comprehensive intervention measures should be taken in the future. Pharmacists can give full play to their professional advantages and combine with multidisciplinary medical teams to formulate and provide drug rearrangement strategies suitable for the elderly. Some social support are supposed to be given to the elderly living alone to improve the medication compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]