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The aim of this study was to grasp the current situation of fear of recurrence in patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and to explore the application effect of cognitive-behavioral stress management in patients with fear of recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. From July 2020 to July 2021, 150 patients with fear of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation in our hospital were divided into a control group and an intervention group, with 75 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional nursing methods, and the intervention group received 8 weeks of cognitive-behavioral stress management. Before the intervention and after the intervention, the general situation questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Fear Disease Progression Simplified Scale (FoP-Q-SF), the Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), and the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPQ) were used for evaluation. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in general data, degree of fear of recurrence, stress perception, and psychological capital scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 8 weeks of cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention, the fear recurrence, the total score of stress perception, and the scores of each dimension in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the psychological capital score was significantly higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Cognitive-behavioral stress management method can significantly reduce the fear of recurrence and stress level of patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation, and improve their psychological capital level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]