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Abstract: The therapeutic alliance defines the mutual collaboration, a partnership, between the patient and the therapist with the aim of achieving the fixed objectives. This concept originated in psychoanalysis, and gave rise to intense debates. We propose a synthesis of these debates, since the first intuitions of Freud until the concept of intersubjectivity. This allows to update the arguments of a question which is not finally cut, but which finds however a way of expression in the researches concerning the analytical brief therapies. Indeed, the confrontation of idea essentially carried around the fact of knowing if the notion of therapeutic alliance was antinomic of the concept of transference. And if it was not, how it was possible to integrate it into analytical follow-ups (in premises or in complementarity with an analysis of transference movements). The question is not concluded, but if we consider that although it arrives, a certain collaboration is established between the patient and his therapist, then an analysis of this collaboration via the notion of therapeutic alliance is possible and can offer a glance on the relational dynamics independently of the question of the analysis of transference. It is this verse which the current researches around the therapeutic alliance from analytical follow-ups. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Psychotherapy of borderline patients allows us to observe that often, the intense affects, the rage and the lack of good internal objects prevent the mentalization of object relations that are confined to acting-out. Moreover, mentalization deficiency inhibits the experience of relationships with a good object in the transference, which often jeopardizes the continuation of the treatment. It is argued that these dimensions of borderline pathology can be better worked out by closely adjusting therapeutic interventions to the patient''s ability to mentalise psychological experiences, particularly with regards to positive transference. We explain our view that the capacity to mentalise in the transference a relationship with a good object is an indication of structural change. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The psychoanalytical therapy of schizophrenic patients is traditionally based on the development of a positive transference and on an interpreting, holding analytic work. In this paper, we present the case-study of a patient for whom all “making-sense” work became persecuting. We will name this very ambivalent person an “alterno-valent” patient. Within this conflicting transference, only a humoristic approach allowed us to develop a trustful relationship with the patient. We describe the subversive nature of this relationship-humour, which is to take a completely opposite position to the analytical position, but to remain nevertheless attentive and empathic. We show further how this humoristic play serves us to interpret the transference. The humour-concept is assimilated to the Freud''s “Witz”. We refer further to the literature in order to describe the psychotic transference as an oscillating movement between “transference-erotomania” and the “let-down-position”, both also deleterious. We propose the idea that the therapist''s effort to make sense could induce in psychotic patient a psychic disorder who acts first as a defence (against the confusing pointing of the Big Other), second as a guarantee for the permanency of the relationship (the subject''s disorder engage the Big Other in an organizing work). We also use “the concept of “projective identification””-concept, which is considered not only as the projection against bad objects, and also as a mechanism that allows the projection of the working-out abilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]