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A study of transferrins of the eel by paper electrophoresis, using a serum labelled with Iron 59, was carried out on 340 different individuals. The phenotypes of transferrins thus determined are differently distributed in the European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) and in the American eel ( A. rostrata); the difference between these 2 species is thereby made clear. Within the same species ( A. anguilla), it is also possible to observe different distributions of phenotypes according to the geographical origin of the individuals under study (French Atlantic coasts, French and Greek Mediterranean coasts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description of a general procedure for identification of C-terminal residues liberated by protein hydrazinolysis. All free amino acids (C-terminal), and the hydrazides corresponding to the C-terminal residues of asparagine and glutamine, can be identified by chromatography of a hydrazinolysate on a column of Amberlite IRC-50 followed by paper or thin layer chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous paper, the authors showed that intraperitoneally administered cystamine protects the vaginal mucosa of rats against local irradiation. Using the same technique (study of radiation-lesions in vaginal smears), they demonstrate that locally administered cystamine is also effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have briefly described an apparatus which permits us to register quantitatively different substances labelled with radioactive isotopes, formerly separated by paper chromatography. We were able to show by the Krebs' method, thus simplified, that the oxidative resynthesis of ATP is diminished in the hepatic homogenates of rats during a beri-beri crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography was applied to corticoids extracted from amniotic fluid of a diabetic mother. Normal amniotic fluid contains no 17-hydroxycorticosterone and cortisone, as defined by paper chromatography. The extract of amniotic fluid of a diabetic mother, insulin treated from the 4 month and giving birth to a child with a congenital anomaly of cervical vertebras ( Klippel-Feil syndrome) and with typical 'Cushing' aspect, has been chromatographed. It contains 25-50 µg of 17-hydroxycorticosterone and cortisone. The protein content of this fluid was 0.7 g %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using paper electrophoresis, the authors succeeded in demonstrating different protein fractions in human and animal lenses. Qualitative and quantitative differences were noted in different animals, between the cortical and the nuclear areas of the lens, and also according to age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chromosomal sets of nine Muridae belonging to 4 underfamilies are described in this paper. The Cricetinae, Mesocricetus brandti has only 42 chromosomes and doesn't represent a subspecies of M. auratus, but a true species. By Gerbillus pyramidum, there is multiple sexchromosomes resulting of the union of the heterochromosomes X-Y with a pair of autosomes. Nesokia indica shows striking differences from Bandicota ( Makino, 1944), although the two genera are considered as very akin by the systematists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro, the mixture 'Chlorpromazine-human serum' gives modifications of the lipoproteins and the α-globulins. These modifications are studied by paper electrophoresis, Tiselius-electrophoresis, and immuno-electrophoresis. Under the experimental conditions described, the selective precipitation of the α-globulins seems quite unexpected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancerous or leukotic tissue fragments modified by a 24 h subcutaneous implantation in the rabbit, become capable of favouring the inhibition of cancerogenesis. This paper is concerned with the study of proteins and nucleic acids of the so-treated implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography has been used in conjonction with electrophoresis in a perpendicular direction (chromatoelectrophoresis), in order to characterize various guanidoderivatives of biological interest and also citrulline. The isolation of definite spots can be obtained with a satisfactory selectivity by this procedure, at a higher speed than by bidimensional chromatography; and the use of a few coloured reactions (ninhydrine, Sakaguchi, diacetyle-α-naphtol and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) on the same electrochromatogram has been successfully practised in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamic study of systems in which stationary (non equilibrium) states were possible, led one of us (I. P.) to a number of general conclusions. In the present paper these conclusions are summarized and briefly discussed from a biological standpoint. It appears that the evolution of such systems is towards states with the least production of entropy (per mass unit) compatible with the conditions imposed. In the case of living matter this corresponds approximately to states of minimum metabolism. During this evolution the entropy contained in the system may decrease whilst the heterogenity increases. But this increase in heterogenity can only take place when there is a decrease in the entropy production, that is an evolution of the metabolism. We are thus led to suggest a physicochemical interpretation of Lamarchism. Finally we call attention to the fact that the moderation principle of Le Chatelier-Braun is not limited to equilibrium states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we give some values of glycogen phosphorylase activity of heart, red muscle and white muscle from the Carp. We show that in vitro optimum temperature is 25°C for the fish, and not 30°C as in Mammalians. We also made measurements with rat and tench liver, but it has been impossible, under the same experimental conditions, to observe normal release of inorganic phosphorus from G-1-P with carp liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the 237 pigmy-mice studies in his previous papers, the author brings new data concerning the cytogenetics of 25 Leggada. One first set of 12 mice from Nigeria belongs to the same polymorphic series containing the musculoides from the Ivory Coast and the Central African Republic. A small sample from Ippy (Central African Republic), although the individuals are morphologically all alike and referable to musculoides, shows an amazing diversity: ♂ /259. 2N= 28, N.F.= 36, sex chromosomes of the translocated type ( TR). We meet here a new robertsonian combination in the polymorphic series, 34/33/32/31 ... 28/... 22/... 19/18. ♀ /260. 2N= 32, N.F.= 36, sex chromosomes TR. Both big biarmed autosomes are metacentric - submetacentric with a centromeric index of about 0.25 by the typical musculoides having the same diploid number. ♂ /261. 2N= 19, N.F.=36, sex chromosomes X/Y Y. The first occurrence of such sex chromosomes by the Leggada. By the musculoides from Rhodesia we were dealing with the type X X /Y. ♀ /262. 2N= 18, N.F.=36, sex chromosomes X/X. Very likely the female of ♂ /261. In the complex minutoides-musculoides, we meet many different caryotypes and it is obvious that the chromosomal mutations play here the part of a primary factor of isolation, previous to the gene mutations which later will allow the taxonomic determination of the species actually ' in statu nascendi'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper, agar-gel, and starch-gel electrophoretic studies of rat serum show a slow α-globulin in adjuvant induced arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After administration of cortexone to a normal man, we isolated the 5 β-pregnana 3 α, 21-diol 20-one glucuronide in human urine. We found 90% of this corticosteroid in the glucuronide fraction; the remaining 10% was in the free fraction. We found neither the cortexone nor its metabolites dior tetrahydrogenated in the ester-sulphate fraction. The tetrahydrocortexone-glucuronide was identified by paper chromatography and by electrophoresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the description of the ultrastructure of the juxtaglomerular complex of the kidney, namely the epithelioid cells (polkissen) of the afferent arteriole, the Goormaghtigh cells, and the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule, studied with the electron microscope. All these cells show a characteristic feature, different from that of all other kidney cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21-sulfates of the six following corticosteroids: desoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A), cortisol (F), cortisone (E), and 17α hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone (S), were prepared. Their separation by four different paper chromatographic systems was investigated. A method for detection of the spots is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) The present paper deals with the chromosomial cytology of 11 species and underspecies of Muridae. (2) The diploïd number being the same (2 N=42), there are striking differences between two species of Bandicota, B. indica showing about 20 big metacentric chromosomes which are lacking B. bengalensis. (3) Meriones blackleri is characterized by 72 chromosomes, the species previously described possessing either 44 or 60 elements. (4) The study of Phenacomys ungava confirms the view that 56 (54) is the primitive number in the Microti. There is an interesting parallelism between the morphological and the cytological data. (5) A missing link between Microti and Ellobii has been found in Microtus oregoni which possesses 17 chromosomes, its digamety belonging to the type X-O, X-X. (6) Owing to the fact that M. oregoni is more fossorial than the other Microtus, it is a morphological intermediate between Microti and Ellobii. (7) The genus Chilotus ( Baird) is also fully valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using paper electrophoresis, the author found that when human hemoglobin is added to human sera, it is captured by a fraction of the α-globulin, which results in a compound with an electrophoretic mobility between that of α-globulin and β-globulin. He identifies this fraction of the α-globulin with the haptoglobin discovered by Jayle. This phenomenon may influence the estimation of α-globulin even in slightly hemolytic sera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed the collective name of 'Rana-chrome' for the fluorescent substances isolated from the skin and eyes of Rana nigromaculata. Pyrrol-chrome corresponds to Rana-chrome 1, Rana-chrome 4 is the same as or very similar to fluorescyanine or ichtyopterin. Each of Rana-chrome 1, Rana-chrome 3 or Rana-chrome 4 transforms into Rana-chrome 5 on irradiation. Data available permit assigning to Rana-chrome 5 the structure of a 2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridine-6-carboxylic acid, one component of the photolysis of folic acid. If the neutral, acid or alkaline solution of Rana-chromes extracted from skin is exposed to the light, there occurs a considerable augmentation of fluorescence. From the observations reported in this paper, it is suggested that some of Rana-chromes exist in free state and the others are associated with proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chromosomal sets of five species of Perlodidæ (Plecoptera) are given in the present paper. The sexual chromosomes belong to three distinct types: X-O, X- X, X- X- X. The author shows that these three types are likely derived from the most primitive pattern X-Y, by translocation and inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that there are important differences among the serum proteins of 3 different species of trout. We stress that these genetic variations concern the lipoproteins as well as the glycoproteins. Furthermore, 3 serum proteins of Esox lucius have antigenic determinants common with the serum proteins of S. gairdneri; they are an α-lipoprotein, an α-glycoprotein and a γ-globulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author considers some physiological problems raised by particularities of the physiological cycle of Salmo salar L. about which he and his fellow-workers have produced new data (especially those brought out by the physiological, normal fasting so particular to the adult S: The synchonic fasting of Mislin). He insists on the importance, for studies on the physiological mechanism of migrations and from the methodological point of view, of the following feature of the young Salmon in fresh water: a transformation which, in the population studied (S. s. of Adour waters), is so characteristic of and tightly bound to the preparation to catadromic migration that it marks the subjects ready for migration and makes it possible to particularise the new physiological conditions accompanying the phenomenon of migratory instinct (activation of thyroid and interrenal function, of some pituitary neurosecretions and secretions, metabolic changes ...). By studying simultaneously: smoltified but not yet migrant fishes, smolts during migration, and a salmonid fish subjected to a current in conditions simulating those of migrating smolts, it is now possible to begin to distinguish the physiological features bound to the preparation for migration, from those resulting from migratory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth factors for microorganisms are nothing else than the vitamines known in animal physiology. Some microorganisms, like animals, have lost the possibility of synthetising these factors, which must be added to the culture medium. The action of the vitamine is quantitative and specific. These properties enable the auxo-heterotrophic microorganism, having lost the possibility of synthesis for a determined vitamine, to be used for a quantitative determination of this factor. The Phycomyces test for thiamine (vitamine B) and its different practical applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different teratogenic agents-hemorrhage, hypoxy, CO, etc.-give rise, among other non-specific changes, to anomalous vascularization. These vascular alterations have a similar evolution and produce diverse malformations that accompany the specific ones. Such malformations of a vascular genesis are specially frequent when the alteration takes place in a critical stage of differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microsomal fractions from chick embryo cells were shown to carry out transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose to endogenous protein acceptors. Data also are presented which support that among the subcellular fractions only the rough microsomes are active in the mannose transfer. The maximum mannosyltransferase activity is obtained with 8-day-old embryos. This observation may be related to the proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with regard to smooth microsomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A description is given of an attempt to estimate the redundancy of visual figures by means of the successive prediction method which Shannon applied to language (1951). Our first problem was to find a coding method capable of being used in visual perception. Some tentative results are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracts obtained from aerobic cultures of Proteus vulgaris are completely without thiosulfate reductase activity. This phenomenon can be explained by the repression of biosynthesis of the enzyme by oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By a quantitative study of pleochroic haloes in biotite, the haloe age of the Lausitz granodiorite, in comparison with the granite age of the Elba Isle, was estimated to 280±150 M.Y. The granodiorite is either caledonian or hercynian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigated the distribution of serum proteins, especially the α fraction, in rats with artificially induced hypertension ( A), in similar rats made normotone by choline-free diet ( B), and in a control group ( C). A rise in the α fraction of group A and B was found, without a significant change of the other serum proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serum containing the L.E. factor loses its activity after having been put in contact with isolated cell nuclei. The electrophoretic examination shows a clear diminution of the gamma globulin and a slight diminution of the globulin alpha 2. That the factor responsible for the L.E. phenomenon can be absorbed by isolated cell nuclei is an argument in favor of the hypothesis that this factor is a substance having the character of an antinuclear anti-body, without one being able to exclude with certitude the possibility that this factor is an enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dinitrophenol, usnic acid and A.T.P. on nucleated and non-nucleated halves of Amoeba proteus have been studied. In regenerating nucleated halves of Acetabularia mediterranea, dinitrophenol and usnic acid induce deep changes in the morphology and chemical composition of the nucleus. It is concluded that the nucleus depends on energy production in the cytoplasm for the maintenance of both its structure and its composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physiological indices are proposed in order to complete the morphological diagnosis of cultivated carrots. The progress of selection needs such improved varietal typization. The economical quotient or weight of root produced by 1 kg of leaves expresses the economic ability of the variety. The relative growth of foliage and root (allometry) is used to fix the precocity index and to represent the specific development of various cultigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The denervation atrophy (16 to 48 days duration) of striated rabbit muscles shows, according to electrophoretic investigations of crude protein extracts, a characteristic complex alteration in the protein composition of these muscles. Beside of the decrease in the myosin content, as previously described by others, a progressive decrease of the myogens and rise of the myoalbumin are noticeable. These quantitative changes, observable in tissue extracts, are almost surely related to corresponding quantitative changes occurring in the tissue in the cases of the myogens and myoalbumin. As far the myosins are concerned, the fact does not appear so clearly because the observed decrease could be related also to changes either in the conditions of extractibility or in these of solubility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]