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The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of ulcerative colitis (UC) combined with acute interstitial lung disease (ILD). One case with acute UC combined with ILD and airway disease was reported, and the pathological diagnosis of previous cases of UC combined with ILD was retrospectively analyzed according to the corresponding literature. The present case concerned a male patient with UC who presented with dry cough and progressive dyspnea. The chest computed tomography (CT) images showed as normal on the seventh day; diffuse ground.glass shadows were observed on the 11th day and diffuse reticular, patchy, nodular shadows and lung cysts were observed on the 21st day. The results of an open lung biopsy on the 23rd day indicated pleural adhesions, and the pathologies were pulmonary fibrosis and airway inflammation. Glucocorticoid therapy was ineffective in the patient, but cyclophosphamide combined with γ globulin rapidly caused the disease to remit. A total of 24 cases with UC combined with ILD and two cases of UC combined with acute ILD were retrieved through PubMed. UC combined with acute ILD was rare in clinical practice. Patients with dry cough, progressive dyspnea and diffuse ground-glass shadows in pulmonary CT images should be closely monitored. Glucocorticoid therapy should be carefully selected and precautions should be taken against opportunistic infections of the lung. Cyclophosphamide combined with γ globulin may be an effective treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of nuclear factor (NF)-κB on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) accumulation and the inflammatory response in lung tissues with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as the therapeutic effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Mouse models of ARDS were established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BALB/c mice were divided into control, LPS and PDTC + LPS groups. The expression of PMN adhesion molecules, CD11b/CD18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), were detected by immunohistochemistry, while the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissue were analyzed by western blot analysis. In addition, flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis rate of PMNs in the bronchoalveolar fluid, and the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were also determined. Following an intraperitoneal injection of LPS, alveolar septum rupture, pulmonary interstitial hyperemia and PMN infiltration in the alveolar was observed. The protein expression of p65 in the pulmonary cytoplasm decreased, while the expression of p65 in the nucleus increased. The levels of IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-a increased and the high expression status was maintained for 24 h. As the time increased, CD11b/CD18 and ICAM-1 expression increased, as well as MPO activity, while the apoptosis of PMNs was delayed. Compared with the LPS group, the expression of p65 in the pulmonary cytoplasm and the PMN apoptosis rate increased following PDTC intervention, while the expression of p65 in the nucleus decreased, as well as the expression levels of the cytokines and MPO activity. Therefore, PDTC reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB pathway, which reduced the activation of PMNs in the lung tissue and promoted PMN apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]