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Osteopetrosis is a rare bone disease caused by metabolic imbalances as a result of genetic mutations. For instance, autosomal dominant osteopetrosis is caused by a missense mutation of the C1CN7 gene. This was first reported in 1904 and is thought to be caused by osteoclastic dysfunction and an impaired bone resorption ability. An accumulation of cortical bone mass during the remodeling of the medullary bone may increase the bone density and give rise to a hard marble consistency. Osteopetrosis can be divided into benign and malignant forms; however, no curative treatment exists for benign osteopetrosis. The management of complications, such as chronic osteomyelitis and fractures, serves a key role in influencing the patient survival rates. Previous studies have demonstrated that a combined treatment of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) lavage for debridement of the necrotic region and high-dose systemic antibiotics may be effective in the management of osteopetrosis. The present study reported a case of chronic mandible osteomyelitis and fistula occurring in association with maxillary sinusitis, who was successfully treated by through nasal endoscopy, using repeated flushing and cleaning every 2 weeks as a form of debridement, in the absence of high-dose antibiotics and HBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) with hemorrhagic pericardial effusions was admitted to Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital (Xiamen, China) in August 2015. The patient had been experiencing progressive dyspnea for 1 week. Bloody effusion (~6.3 l) was drained from the membrane surrounding the heart over a period of 20 days. Biochemical, cytological and radiological examinations were unable to elucidate the reason for the effusion. Coincidentally, it was discovered that activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation could not be corrected by plasma mixing. Furthermore, immunologic and functional assays identified that the patient had factor VIII-deficient plasma. Finally, the coagulopathy was treated by infusion of cryoagglutinin and steroids to eradicate the coagulation inhibitor. The production of cardiac bloody effusions did not recur. Notably, the patient was diagnosed with AHA accompanied by the rare complication of pericardial effusions. The present case was the first to report AHA with the complication of pericardial effusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]