1. Implementation and new insights in molecular diagnostics for HIV infection
- Author
-
Hin Fung Tsang, Jennifer Chiu Hung Tong, Thomas Chi Chuen Au, William C. Cho, Christopher K C Lai, Amanda Kit Ching Chan, Heong Ting Wong, Lawrence W. C. Chan, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong, and Lawrence Po Wah Ng
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Early detection ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,HIV Infections ,Disease ,Biosensing Techniques ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Viral ,Rapid detection ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hiv transmission ,Intensive care medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Antigens, Viral ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,business.industry ,Disease Management ,HIV ,Viral Load ,Molecular diagnostics ,medicine.disease ,Virus Latency ,030104 developmental biology ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Molecular Medicine ,business ,Viral load ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a kind of acquired disease that breaks down the immune system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of AIDS. By the end of 2016, there were 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. Early diagnosis can alert infected individuals to risk behaviors in order to control HIV transmission. Infected individuals are also benefited from proper treatment and management upon early diagnosis. Thanks to the public awareness of the disease, the annual increase of new HIV infections has been slowly declining over the past decades. The advent of molecular diagnostics has allowed early detection and better management of HIV infected patients. Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarized and discussed the current and future technologies in molecular diagnosis as well as the biomarkers developed for HIV infection. Expert Commentary: A simple and rapid detection of viral load is important for patients and doctors to monitor HIV progression and antiretroviral treatment efficiency. In the near future, it is expected that new technologies such as digital PCR and CRISPR-based technology will play more important role in HIV detection and patient management.
- Published
- 2018