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In contemporary research, funding is generally targeted toward assured and high business returns. In this business approach, studies for possible negative or side effects, especially the long-term use effects of the technologies and products are neglected or overlooked. Ample evidence related to the development of serious detrimental outcomes of many such improperly studied technologies before their widespread use is available in different aspects of the life of animals and plants, and on the overall environment of our planet. A few such examples of serious impacts on human health and the environment are cited in the article along with a brief discussion of the potentially risky application of such one-eyed research-derived technologies.

Plants have been used as medicines or sources of medicines from a very ancient stage of human civilization. In the ancient days, the collected plant parts were used directly or in dried and preserved conditions. Afterward, the dried parts of the medicinal plants were used as medicine as single or poly-herbal mixtures with or without vehicle as used in present-day Ayurveda and alike medical systems. In homeopathy, the ethanol extracts of dried plant parts are used. Identification of active principles from the extracts of the dried plant parts has made the basis of laboratory synthesis of many drugs of modern medicine. Some novel types of healthcare techniques are proposed for further validation. Following a diet containing selected herbal foods (DIP diet) in an unprocessed state along with a change in lifestyle can control many diseases. Fruit pulp, fruit juice and other related food products can be prepared by using only herbal plant parts and also can be supplied without the addition of any synthetic chemicals. Similarly, medicines prepared from the succulent parts of the medicinal plants can effectively be used to prevent and cure many diseases. All these can be performed following some novel procedures of collection, chemical-free processing, packaging, storage, and transportation to the patients and consumers.

Modulation of immunity power of the body is a very strong weapon to combat diseases. Presently, vaccination is considered the only weapon in this field. Vaccination means the introduction of some foreign antigens (generally of infective organisms) inside the body of a human or animal to stimulate the immune system of the body to develop protective power against those antigens in the future. Production of protective antibodies along with sensitization of the cells engaged in this process for the future fight is the main target of vaccination. The adaptive or acquired immunity section of the individuals is stimulated to perform the work through vaccination. But the other arm of the immunity system, the non-specific immunity can also be utilized to reach the same target. The non-specific defense system of the body comprises different barrier functions of the body, action of phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, modification of activities of cytokines, etc. The activated non-specific immunity can also protect individuals from catching an infection or can assist in the reduction of severity of the disease symptoms. The succulent biomedicines, i.e., the paste, juice, or seed-powder of different medicinal plant parts, collected at the succulent conditions from the plants can be effectively used orally in the capsular form to serve the purpose. As these plant medicines contain much more phytochemicals, both in number and quantity and work together, so expected to be more effective than the dried parts (used in contemporary Herbal Medicines) and without the toxicity of isolated phytochemicals (used in the research of Modern Medicine). Apart from the supply of many important nutraceuticals and micronutrients, these have the ability to act as some immunomodulators by activities like antioxidation, antiviral, antibacterial, etc.: protective effects on heart, liver, kidney, lung, etc. as well as effects like anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, etc. Such 130 reported immunomodulant plants are listed. Different bio-preservatives and bio-encapsulating materials for packaging and transportation of the succulent biomedicines under the cold chain can be arranged for their regular use.

Effect of diet in the prevention of COVID -19 and also during the disease stage is discussed with special emphasis on preventive effects of unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and minerals in the foods like fish, potent vegetable oils, nuts, fruits, milk, etc. are discussed in the article.

Trans-fats are mainly created by us during conversion of liquid unsaturated fats (oils) to semisolid saturated fats to use them in the processed and fried foods. High temperature boiling and repeated boiling of oils are another two reasons for creation of these toxic fats. Trans-fats have very strong relation with development of various cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, infertility and pre-eclampsia of pregnant ladies, retarded fetal development, cancers, obesity, various allergy related diseases, neurological problems, liver dysfunction etc. Various aspects of development, use, toxicity and ways to stay outside of the effects of this toxic fat are discussed in the article comparing with other fats - different mono and poly unsaturated fats as well as saturated fats. A list of all commonly used oils along with their detail composition is added for their logical selection for use.

Plastics are used and thrown casually by many people regularly, but these are causing serious detrimental effects on our health and also on the environment. The thrown plastics create blockage of drainage system, covers the river and sea bottom. These exert toxicity on the life of all land and marine animals and birds. The urban as well as rural people of India are accustomed in use of plastics leaving the cheap bio-degradable alternatives. The micro and nano-plastics are reaching at our tissue level through food and water for which we may have to pay a huge cost in future.

Impact of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone and it’s tower on the living entities of the globe is discussed in the article with an aim to search possible ways to solve or reduce the problems caused by them.

Processed foods contain high calorie food particles at different forms added with different additives. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend safe use of different chemicals as food additives in processed foods. But many researcher raised questions about their safety. Fifty commonly used food additives are identified for having serious toxic effects on human health by a research group. These chemicals are added with adulterated basic items for preparation of processed foods in many cases. The problem is discussed in Indian context and a thorough research on cumulative toxic effects of all the external chemicals enter in the human body continuously is proposed in the article.

Emergence of resistance against antibiotics is perhaps leading towards a stage of total ineffectiveness of these medicines as some tools to protect lives from infection of pathogenic micro organisms. The research communities are trying in various ways to find out means and tools to overcome such possible situation. The leading contemporary researches going on globally are categorized under some headings. These are - alteration and/or addition of some new chemicals with the presently available anti microbial substances to bring back their potency, searching of some new means of attack on harmful micro organisms by use of other microorganisms or their products, acceleration of immunity power of human or animals by using the tools present in the microorganisms, use of some new types of substances and procedures against microorganisms which were not previously used and use of antimicrobial, immune-stimulant and other related substances developed in higher species through evolution. Present stages of research of the included parameters are analyzed in the article.

Liver is considered as the main internal organ related with various aspects of digestion and restoration of sound health by many tribal and non tribal rural people of West Bengal, India. Information related with use of various plant parts for protection and stimulation of liver were collected from three southern districts of West Bengal, India with different agro-climatic conditions viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad. A total of nineteen plants and combinational use of another three plants are identified and the practiced methods of their uses with dose are documented and with the help of available literatures, the previously reported uses of these medicinal plants are analyzed in that perspective.

The history of use of plants for medicinal purposes is very old. In the ancient civilizations, the crude plant parts were mostly used in such purposes. In the ongoing research, solvent extracted parts of the plants are validated for their reported efficacy with an intention to identify the active principles for production of those at a large scale to use them commercially as medicines. This contemporary method may be added with validation of reported medicinal plants at their fresh, succulent form with all the available principles within them. The validated medicinal plants may be used in many purposes after performing studies related with toxicity, dose etc. Organic animal farms may be created by using fresh inputs of the added medicinal plant garden, replacing the inorganic medicines. Commercialization of succulent medicinal plant part extracts may be performed by export oriented agro-medicine business with the assistance of different cooling systems.

Chronic flatulence and constipation are two very important problems related with digestive system. Information related with use of various plant parts for correction of these problems were collected from three southern districts of West Bengal, India with different agro-climatic conditions viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad. A total of six plants and three plant combinations involving another six new plants were identified, practiced methods of their uses with dose are documented and with the help of available literatures, the previously reported uses of these medicinal plants are analyzed in that perspective.

The present work was undertaken to study the comparative phytochemical profiles and hypoglycemic effects of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. Barks (BPBE) and leaves ethanolic extracts (BPLE) in albino wistar rats to validate their ethno medical use in hyperglycemia as well as to explore the better option. Phytochemicals in ethanolic extracts were analyzed by standard natural product chemistry methods. Diabetes was developed in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin @ 60mg/ Kg bw. Diabetic albino wister rats (n=3) of either sex (150-200gm bw) were orally fed with the extracts once daily for 4 weeks. Glibenclamide @ 0.5mg/Kg bw was used as a positive control for comparison. Fasting blood glucose level at 0, 14th and 28th day and hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin on 28th day of experiment were analyzed. Our results show that the extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins and phenolics. Rats treated with plant extracts show better glucose modulation, decreased hemoglobin glycosylation and improved hemoglobin concentration as compared to diabetic control. The hypoglycemic effect of only BPBE at 420 mgkg-1 on 14th and 28th day is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide (P>0.01). The bark extract has been observed to be more potent hypoglycemic agent than leave extract.

A total of 108 blood serum samples of bovine were collected from different regions of South Andaman to Regional Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (RDDL, ER, Kolkata) for sero-prevalence study of bovine leptospirosis. All the sera samples were tested by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) against eight serovars of Leptospira spp. Out of 108 serum samples tested, 75(69.44%) were serologically positive. The most prevalent serovars were Automnalis (53.70%) followed by Sejroe (28.70%) and Hardjo (22.22%). This study suggests that bovine may have a role in maintaining Autumnalis serovar of Leptospira as reservoir in Anandaman and Nicobar Islands.

Ethnomedicinal report of haemostatic activity of six medicinal plants was validated by a study of the effect of succulent leaf extract of plant parts on the punch wound of rabbit for the first time. It was found that the succulent leave extracts of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke), Barleria lupulina Lindl., Blumea lacera Dc., Croton bonplandianum Baill, Glinus lotoides Lin. and Mikania scandens (L) Willd. can induce haemostasis in fresh wounds as compared to automatic haemostasis (120.00 ±2.91 seconds). The fresh leave extract of Mikania scandens took 25.00 ±1.87 seconds for haemostatic activity. Artemisia nilagirica (35.00 ± 1.50 seconds), Barleria lupulina (30.00 ±2.34 seconds), Blumea lacera (38.00 ±1.87 seconds), Glinus lotoides (35.00 ±2.29 seconds) are having better action than Croton bonplandianum (leaf extract), which took 40.00 ±2.69 seconds time for haemostasis. The latex collected from the wounded small branches of living Croton bonplandianum plant is having highest efficacy in causing haemostasis (10.00 ±1.22 seconds), better than the positive control of Tincture Ferric per Chloride (13.00 ±2.54 seconds). The dermal toxicity study reveals that the application of the fresh plant extract on the skin of rat failed to produce any detrimental effect. The plant extracts collected from succulent plant leaves and particularly the latex collected from the living Croton bonplandianum Baill. plant can be used as haemostatic agents.

The villagers of rural India prepare food and curry with the stagnant water of pond or well. That type of water supposed to contain various toxic chemicals used in agricultural operations and household purposes. Effect of such practice on human health warrants further study.

Berleria lupulina Lindl. was evaluated for its reported antimicrobial activity in a novel way. The extract of succulent leaves collected from living plant was studied along with conventional methanolic and watery extracts made from the dry leaves of the plant. The extracts were tested on three pathogenic bacteria and the antimicrobial activity was tested both by conventional single disc diffusion method and a novel Spectrophotometric method. In disc diffusion study, it was found that the methanolic extract (100 mg/ml. and 200 mg/ ml.) diluted in 70% of methanol and extract of succulent leaves can induce 12 mm, 13 mm and 14 mm diameter zone of inhibition comparable with 24 mm of Ceftriaxone against Escherichia coli. The zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus were 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm and 25 mm and against Salmonella enteritides were 12 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm and 28 mm correspondingly. The watery extract made from the dry plant and the methanolic extract diluted in water failed to induce any inhibition in growth of the organisms. In spectrophotometric study, the methanolic extract showed antimicrobial efficacy in the concentration of 10 mg/ml. or above against Salmonella enteritides and Staphylococcus aureus. But against Escherichia coli, effective control was found in 20 mg/ml concentration. The fresh extract of the plant showed antimicrobial efficacy in the concentration of 16.5%. The anti microbial efficacy above that concentration cannot be detected in the available spectrophotometrical method for presence of color material in that fresh extract.

A study was conducted on the dogs with moderate to serious illness coming for treatment at the Dog Ward of West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, West Bengal, India, to find out possible correlation between fasting blood sugar level with breed, sex and age of dogs. The study result implicated that the blood sugar level was not having any general tendency to increase with advancement of age of ailing dogs. The blood sugar level of ailing dogs was higher in small breeds of dogs, particularly in 0 to

Underground water is used indiscriminately for the purposes like agriculture, serving purposes of urban people, cold drink and mineral water manufacturing etc. As a matter of policy, the rural areas are supplied with underground water in India without considering the factors like actual requirement of water in a particular area, season of scarcity of water etc. It is very common to see the ever open taps of water supplying lines in rural India thronging water continuously and nobody is there to use it. The discharge rate of underground water is far more than the charging rate. This may lead to a very serious condition of water scarcity in near future. Various steps like holding of rain water in the water bodies, selection of crop with requirement of lesser amount of water during the dry months as well as use of Forward Osmosis (FO) technology for Cold drinks or Bottled Drinking Water manufacturing from the sea water are advocated.

The incoming water crisis of India may have some very drastic effects on different aspects in future. Many people residing outside India are very much conscious about that problem. Some of their analysis with the intention to find out reasons, possible outcome and ways to combat the situation are discussed.

Farm animals are reared for production to meet up the demand for animal protein in human. Various modern medicines are extensively used for production as well as treatment and prevention of diseases of animals, which can ultimately reach us through food chain. Herbs are now considered as an important source of alternative medicines. The Ayurvedic medicines prepared by manufacturers contain processed plant parts and added with preservative and other chemicals in many cases. The present way of research on herbal medicine follows the path of identification of active principles from the extracts of preserved parts of medicinal plants after testing of their efficacy in laboratory. This concept of research have the limitation of loss of many aromatic and other phytochemicals present in the living plant, which may have very important role when used together. Animals maintained in modern farm may be given relief from modern medicines in minor and moderate ailments, cure of problems related with their production with the validated fresh plant medicine available from the plants cultivated adjacent to the farm area. Consulting the reports of ethno-botanical study, a preliminary list of medicinal plant is prepared which are having antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, immunostimulant, hepato-protective, fertility enhancing, pregnancy assisting, lactation assisting, anthelmintic, astringent, expectorant, purgative and anti-flatulent, nutriceutical, antiseptic, anti-dermatitis, anti-dysenteric and anti-enteric, hematenic, stomachic, diuretic and kidney stone removing effects and insecticidal or insect repelling effects. This list may be enriched further and plants may be selected for a farm from these groups according to the agro-climatic condition of the area, disease prevalence, problems encountered during farming practice and other requirements of the farm. Validation of reported effects of the plants is to be performed in fresh condition, so that parts of the plants can be utilized by the trained personals of the farms.

The information of ethno-medicinal uses as haemostatic, antiseptic wound healer and anti-dermatitic properties containing plants in human and animals were collected from three districts of southern West Bengal, India, viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad which are situated in different agro-climatic conditions. Presently twenty one such plants were recognized and most of them are new claim regarding the said treatments. The plants were properly identified with the help of relevant literatures, photographed and available relevant previous information about the medicinal properties or uses were also searched out from the earlier literatures and were enlisted for comparison.

Development of Multi Druug Resistant bacteria is creating a very severe problem in anti-microbial chemotherapy. Many recently developed antibiotics are found incapable to control resistant organisms.The reasons of development of resistance gene in the bacterial plasmid and their quick spread among various related and unrelated bacteria are analysed in this article along with discussion of world wide ongoing research to combat the problem.

Cumulative effect of regular consumption of low amount of a large number of synthetic chemicals may create ultimately an environment inside our body leading to gereration of several types of diseases. Moreover, either DNA molecule of some tissue may get irreversible genetic damage or mutations or some tissue may start to grow abnormally due to the effect of those chemicals, both of which can lead to cancer, slowly but inevitably. To live with lesser number of hazardous diseases and for a healthy future generation, we must have to be conscious about these dangerous aspects of our chemical based civilization

Mastitis in a female crossbred calf of 120 days is reported in the present article.

The use of biocide chemicals is crucial for the elimination of microbial species required to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and ensure the safeguarding of animal and human health. Like antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR), anti-biocide resistance (ABR) may be a serious threat to healthcare, agriculture, animal husbandry, pisciculture as well as pharmaceutical and many other industries. Pathways of functioning of the antimicrobial drugs and biocides are alike in many cases, and among the patterns of resistance development in the microbes, such similarities are also found. Reaching such multidrug and multi-biocide resistant microbes in the water bodies and other sectors of the environment may also cause serious effects on ecology, the environment, and the entire biosphere. Framing of strict legislative measures is required for the rational use of biocides by considering their spectrum of activity, effective concentration in different conditions, residue calculation, and after-use destruction. This review aims to explore the use, detection, and regulation of biocidal agents across different contexts, highlighting their application that can contribute to the concurrent development of biocidal resistance and overall antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms.

The biological age of an individual depends mainly on the genetic status and different epigenetic influences experienced by the individual and it has a direct relationship with aging and suffering from different diseases. It can be understood from the observable physiological parameters like the level of specific health indicators in the body, status of vision and hearing, condition of joints, immunity, nutritional status, presence of inflammatory markers and certain proteins in the blood, etc. Determining factors of biological age include the level of oxidative stress, glycation pattern of the DNA, protein, and lipid; different epigenetic factors, etc. The main genetic biomarkers of biological aging are the length of the telomeres, DNA methylation pattern, and the status of the epigenetic clock of an individual. The epigenetic and other related factors causing early aging and more susceptibility towards gene-related or unrelated diseases can be prevented and reversed by the exclusion of the detrimental practices from the lifestyle along with the inclusion of some positive factors. Lifestyle and nutrigenetics are the subjects engaged in the related study. The 'unique disease principle' describes diseases as an outcome of the disease reasons and environmental conditions (including health status) at the individual level. The microbiome profile and individual immunity status are given importance for the selection of ways to combat diseases in the Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE). A specific diet plan, the DIP diet, is advocated along with following a designed lifestyle and getting assistance with some diseasespecific physical measures for combating lifestyle diseases. The succulent parts of the effective medicinal plants are recommended for their direct therapeutic use in unaltered conditions in the form of biocapsules prepared without the addition of any materials of synthetic origin along with following a designed lifestyle is another branch of research related to the topic.

Self-treatment against harmful parasites is found among a wide range of animals, from caterpillars or butterflies to porcupines and different wild animals and up to the African great apes. Many rural people share such knowledge of the animals and use similar herbs among themselves to treat diseases with similar types of symptoms as observed in the ailing animals. Chimpanzees, Bonobo, etc. are genetically very similar to humans, and many self-treatment reports are there among such animals. So, such knowledge of the self-treatment of animals by using plant materials can be considered for the prevention and treatment of many dangerous diseases prevalent among humans. Sixty-four (64) such plants are identified for their anti-parasitic uses and listed in this article. The succulent plant materials effective among these animals have a very high probability of effectiveness for humans also. A new concept of the use of such biomedicines at their succulent condition in bio-encapsulated form can be considered for their widespread therapeutic use. In addition to the Ayurveda and alike medical systems, Homoeopathy as well as in Modern medicine, where therapeutic use of dry parts of the medicinal plants, their extracts, or synthetic analogs of the components are only considered, therapeutic use of the succulent biomedicine may open a new window of therapy of many so-called hard-to-cure diseases caused by various invading parasites. As the succulent plant materials contain a huge number of phytoconstituents and all of them work together to bring the desired health impacts, there is a very low chance of development of resistance against all of them together. These biomedicines can also supply many other additional health benefits to patients without any added effort.

Vaccines are used generally to prevent a few infectious diseases by stimulating the weapons of acquired immunity of the body against specific antigens. Along with desired antigens or their source, many other assisting materials are added to the vaccines. There are reports of failure of vaccination as well as of some instant side effects possibly due to the ingredients used in the vaccines. Many important infectious diseases are not covered by vaccination due to various reasons. The non-specific immunity power of the body can be modulated to prevent both infectious diseases as well as diseases of other origins. Following a designed lifestyle and intake of succulent biomedicines can be the two arms for achieving the target. The succulent biomedicines can also supply different important micronutrients and neutraceuticals to the body and also can incur many positive effects on different body systems by the activities of the phyto-constituents individually, as well as through their combinational effects.

Cancer is a slow-developing non-communicable disease that causes a high rate of morbidity and mortality among the sufferers. Apart from genetic predisposition, the main reasons for cancers are following the wrong lifestyle and food habits. The contemporary treatments of cancer target to increase the life span of the sufferers and to reduce the severity of the disease, but such efforts are having many serious side effects. Along with the correction of lifestyle, regular intake of selected succulent fruits, vegetables, and parts of anti-cancer plants as some medicine can combat almost all cancers. The succulent parts of every medicinal plant contain an enormous number of metabolites that act cumulatively together following various pathways inside the body. The nature-gifted succulent biomedicines that are considered edible in traditional uses have a far lesser chance of showing toxic effects than synthetic chemicals; isolated phytochemicals or their structural analogs obtained from any plant have actual characteristics like synthetic chemicals. There is possibly in-home neutralization of side effects and potentiation of activities of each other by the metabolites present in the succulent plant parts. Anticancer medicinal plants can be used therapeutically for the prevention and cure of cancers at their succulent stages after some adoptive research of dose and toxicity. To avoid the problems of regional and seasonal availability of medicinal plants and other problems in their direct use as medicines, bio-preservative added, and bioencapsulated succulent biomedicines can be produced, either singly or as some mixtures of the selected biomedicines. An outline of the production, storage, and global transportation of such anti-cancer biomedicines is displayed and a list of 934 anticancer plants (including 124 edible fruits, 124 edible vegetables, and 114 other possibly non-toxic plant parts) with various details regarding their nature and efficacies are described in this article.

For effective control of several viral diseases, live virus vaccines are given preference over killed or inactivated vaccines for their higher immunogenic potentials. Live virus vaccine strains are developed by attenuation by passaging in nonnatural host species, tissues, embryonated eggs, etc., or by transferring viral genes/genomes to some other vector virus. The attenuated viruses fail to infect the species of their choice; though can elicit immunity when used as vaccines. The vector viruses are modified by the addition of a section of the genome of the disease-producing viruses in their genome to offer the desired immunity in vaccinated humans or animals. During mass vaccinations, the attenuated live viruses or vector viruses spread in the biosphere. It is suspected that many erstwhile low-profile disease agents genetically related to the viruses used in live vaccine production are causing more severe disease symptoms, changing tissue or organ of predilection, and even changing or broadening host species specificity. Three representative viral diseases affecting three species (human, goat, and cattle) are discussed as examples to enlighten the possible linkage between the spread of the attenuated or vector viruses in the biosphere and the increased virulence of related disease-producing viruses.