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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of reiki and acupressure on pain, anxiety, and vital signs during femoral sheath removal in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention., Methods: The study, which was conducted as a prospective randomized controlled study, was carried out with 84 patients: reiki group (n = 28), acupressure group (n = 28), and control group (n = 28). Twenty minutes before the femoral catheter was extracted, 18 minutes of reiki was applied to the seven chakra regions in the reiki group, and 20 minutes of acupressure was applied to the LI4, HT7, and PC6 points in the acupressure group. The control group received standard care. All three groups were given the assessment with Visual Analog Scale, Spielberger State Anxiety Scale, and 5 minutes before & 5 minutes after sheath removal and vital sign data also collected at these time points., Results: After the intervention, it was determined that the pain and anxiety scores of both the reiki and acupressure groups were significantly lower than the pain and anxiety scores of the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, heart rate and respiratory rates were significantly lower than the control groups in the measurements made after the intervention of both reiki and acupressure groups (p < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures after acupressure, but not after reiki, were significantly lower compared to the control group., Conclusions: According to the results of the study, reiki and acupressure applied before the removal of the femoral sheath after percutaneous coronary intervention reduce pain and anxiety and improve vital signs to some extent., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of Reiki on the menopausal symptoms of women., Methods: This study having a randomized controlled experimental design was carried out involving 48 individuals (24 in Reiki, 24 in control). Study data were collected between November 2018 and February 2019 by using a personal information form, The Menopause Rating Scale., Results: The mean menopausal symptoms score of women decreased after Reiki intervention and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Reiki reduced the menopausal symptoms levels of women having menopause., Conclusion: It has been found that distant Reiki application is effective in reducing somatic, psychological and urogenital complaints in women during menopause., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the application of Reiki on fatigue and sleep quality in people with MS. The study is a randomised controlled study. A total of 60 people (control group = 30, intervention group = 30) participated in this study. Personal Information Form, Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect data. It was found that the PFS and PSQI total and subcomponent scores of the intervention group decreased after Reiki compared to the control group and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study showed that Reiki was significantly effective in improving fatigue and sleep quality in people with MS. As Reiki is a simple, inexpensive and accessible method, it was suggested that its use in the management of MS should be encouraged and maintained in nursing practice., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Context: During the COVID-19 pandemic medical and holistic health practitioners turned to utilizing virtual healthcare. As energy healing practitioners and educators who shifted to an online format, it seemed important to document descriptions of client experiences of virtual energy healing., Objective: To describe client experiences of virtual energy healing sessions., Design: Descriptive pre-post intervention design., Setting and Interventions: Two experienced and eclectic energy healing practitioners developed a protocol and conducted energy healing sessions via Zoom., Participants: A convenience sample of Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (CSJ) Consociates, people of diverse life-styles and spiritual traditions who are committed to living the mission of the CSJs in the St. Paul Province., Main Outcome Measures: Pre-post 10-point Likert scale rating of relaxation, well-being, and pain. Pre-post primarily qualitative questionnaires., Results: Results indicated significant pre-post differences: pre-session relaxation (M=5.036, SD = 2.9) and post-session relaxation (M=7.86, SD = 6.4): t(13)=2.16, p=.0017*; pre-session well-being (M=5.86, SD = 4.29); post-session well-being (M=8, SD = 2.31), t(13), p=.0001*; pre-session pain (M=4.0, SD = 6.15) and post-session pain (M=2.25, SD = 3.41), t(13)=2.16, p=.004*. Thematic analysis revealed six themes related to client experiences of virtual energy healing: 1) embodied sensations, 2) relaxation, 3) release - a letting go of tasks/anxieties/worries, 4) sense of peace/joy/calm, 5) connection to themselves, others, and something larger, and 6) surprise that virtual energy healing works., Limitations: This was a descriptive study using a convenience sample, therefore, there was not a control group, a large sample size, and the sample might be more prone to report better results than the general population because of their spiritual perspectives. Results were not generalizable., Implications: Clients reported positive descriptions of virtual energy healing and say they would do it again. However more research is needed to understand the variables that influenced the results and the underlying mechanisms of action., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Reiki on anxiety, fear, pain levels, and oxygen saturation in open abdominal surgery patients., Materials and Methods: A three-arm, parallel, randomized, and controlled trial design was used in this study. 93 participants were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups (n = 31): reiki, sham reiki, and control groups. All patients in the experimental group, before and after Reiki or Sham Reiki treatments, and all patients in the control groups without any intervention were evaluated with the State Anxiety Inventory STAI-I, with the Surgical Fear Questionnaire for fear of surgery and pain. VAS Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Wilcoxon were used in the analysis of the research data., Results: Surgical fear, anxiety, and pain levels decreased, and oxygen saturation levels increased in the Reiki group. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.005)., Discussion: Since Reiki is inexpensive, safe, effective, and easy to apply, it should be administered by nurses to patients who are scheduled for open abdominal surgery., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of Reiki and hand massage on the pain and fatigue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis., Methods: This study having a randomized controlled experimental design was carried out involving 105 individuals (35 in Reiki, 37 in hand massage, and 33 in control). Study data were collected between July 2020 and December 2021 by using a personal information form, Visual Analog Scale, and Piper Fatigue Scale., Results: The mean pain score and the fatigue severity of patients decreased after Reiki and hand massage interventions and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Reiki and hand massage reduced the pain and fatigue levels of patients having rheumatoid arthritis., Conclusion: It is recommended to use Reiki and hand massage in managing the symptoms and providing patients with care., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: Taking pain under control is important to calm the individual and reduce complications. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Acupressure or Reiki interventions on the levels of pain and fatigue of stage III and IV cancer patients receiving palliative care., Method: The research was a single-blind, repeated measures, randomized controlled study. Research data were collected between February and November 2022. The research sample consisted of Acupressure and Reiki intervention groups and a control group with 52 patients in each group for a total of 156 patients. Acupressure or Reiki was applied to their intervention groups for a total of eight sessions of 20 min each over four weeks, once a day on two days a week. Data were collected by means of a patient description form, an analgesic follow-up form, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and the Brief Fatigue Inventory., Results: In comparison with the control group, a significant reduction was seen over time in the levels of pain (p < 0.001), analgesic use (p < 0.001), and fatigue (p < 0.001) in the Acupressure or Reiki intervention groups., Conclusion: Acupressure or Reiki interventions were found to effective in reducing levels of pain, analgesic use, and fatigue. It was seen that in addition to their use in routine nursing care, both treatments can be accepted as effective nursing interventions that reduce pain and fatigue in stage III and IV cancer patients receiving palliative care., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Using Reiki and back massage to support pharmacological treatments is increasingly common in nursing. This study aimed to determine the effects of Reiki and back massage on pain, analgesic use, and vital signs among women who had undergone an open abdominal hysterectomy., Methods: This experimental study involved a single, blinded, pretest-posttest design. The study population comprised women who had undergone an abdominal hysterectomy at the obstetrics clinics of Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital and Dicle University Hospital between July 2017 and February 2018. Patients were divided into three groups: a Reiki group, a back massage group, and a control group. Each group comprised 34 patients. Reiki or back massage was applied to patients in the respective non-control groups for 20 min once a day. Data were collected using a patient information form, the "Numeric Pain Rating Scale," and the "Vital Signs and Postoperative Analgesic Follow-up Form.", Results: Statistically significant differences in pain intensity and analgesic use were observed between the women in the Reiki group and the women in the back massage and control groups (p < 0.001). Significant differences in vital signs were observed between the groups before and after their respective procedures; in the Reiki group, they tended to decrease, while in the back massage and control groups, they tended to increase., Conclusion: This study's findings confirmed that pain, analgesic use, and vital signs decreased after Reiki among women who had undergone an abdominal hysterectomy., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in the anxiety levels of patients receiving preoperative Reiki., Material and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental model with a pretest-posttest control group., Methods: Subjects (n = 210) were recruited from a hospital in Turkey, from June 2013 to July 2014. Subjects were then assigned to experimental (n = 105) and control (n = 105) groups., Results: The level of anxiety of experimental group patients did not change according to their state anxiety scores (p > 0.10); however, the anxiety level of control group patients increased (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The results of this study imply that the administration of Reiki is effective in controlling preoperative anxiety levels and in preventing them from increasing., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Reiki and guided imagery on pain and fatigue in oncology patients. This quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design was conducted with 180 oncology patients at the oncology clinic of Dicle University Hospital in Turkey, between July 2017 and February 2018. The patients were divided into three groups: Reiki, guided imagery and control, with 60 patients in each group. The Reiki and guided imagery group patients underwent their respective interventions for three consecutive days separately (25-30 min; mean: 15.53 min). The interventions of Reiki and guided imagery reduced pain and fatigue in the oncology patients. It is recommended that oncology nurses use Reiki and guided imagery in patient care., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Reviews of empirical work on the efficacy of noncontact healing have found that adopting various practices that incorporate an intention to heal can have some positive effect upon the recipient's wellbeing. However, such reviews focus on 'whole' human participants who might be susceptible to expectancy effects or benefit from the healing intentions of friends, family or their own religious groups. We proposed to address this by reviewing healing studies that involved biological systems other than 'whole' humans (e.g., studies of plants or cell cultures) that were less susceptible to placebo-like effects. Secondly, doubts have been cast concerning the legitimacy of some of the work included in previous reviews so we planned to conduct an updated review that excluded that work., Data Sources: The following databases were searched: Swetswise, ASSIA, Psych-NET, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, British Nursing Index, Cinahl Full Text, and Informaworld., Study Selection: Only studies in English were eligible for inclusion. All studies must have examined the effects upon a biological system of the explicit intention to improve the wellbeing of that target; 49 non-whole human studies from 34 papers and 57 whole human studies across 56 papers were included., Data Synthesis: The combined weighted effect size for non-whole human studies yielded a highly significant r of .258, but outcomes were heterogeneous and correlated with blind ratings of study quality; 22 studies that met minimum quality thresholds gave a reduced but still significant weighted r of .115. Whole human studies yielded a small but significant effect size of r = .203. Outcomes were again heterogeneous, and correlated with methodological quality ratings; 27 studies that met threshold quality levels gave an increased r = .224., Conclusions: Results suggest that subjects in the active condition exhibit a significant improvement in wellbeing relative to control subjects under circumstances that do not seem to be susceptible to placebo and expectancy effects. Findings with the whole human database suggests that the effect is not dependent upon the previous inclusion of suspect studies and is robust enough to accommodate some high profile failures to replicate. Both databases show problems with heterogeneity and with study quality and recommendations are made for necessary standards for future replication attempts., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

A nine-year-old female with a history of perinatal stroke, seizures, and type-I diabetes was seen for six weeks of Reiki to determine the effects of Reiki on relaxation, and in turn, the prevention of future seizures. The secondary and tertiary aims were to determine the effects of Reiki on sleep patterns and the stress levels of the mother. There was a decrease in stress in both the child and the mother, as measured by a modified Perceived Stress Scale and a Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. There was no change in the child's overall sense of well-being, as measured by a global questionnaire. There was a positive change in sleep patterns on 33.3% of the nights during which the study occurred, as reported on a sleep log kept by the mother. The child and the Reiki Master (a Reiki practitioner who has completed all three levels of Reiki certification training and trains and certifies individuals in the practice of Reiki as well as provides Reiki to individuals) experienced warmth and tingling sensations on the same area of the child during the Reiki sessions. The child relaxed within the first five to seven minutes of each session as reported by the Reiki Master. There were no reports of seizures during this study. Reiki may be a useful adjunct for children with increased stress levels and sleep disturbances secondary to their medical condition. Further research is warranted to evaluate the use of Reiki in children, particularly with a large sample size, and to evaluate the long-term use of Reiki and its effects on adequate sleep., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Several recent reviews have reached guardedly positive conclusions about the effectivenessof biofield therapies in healthcare.(1,2) These studies mainly involved randomized controlled trials to determine changes in condition-related outcome measures, but few addressed the biological basis of these effects., Study Objective and Rationale: We performed a systematic review of studies designed to examine whether biofield therapists undergo physiological changes as they enter the healing state. If reproducible changes can be identified, they may serve as markers to reveal events that correlate with the healing process., Methods: Databases were searched for controlled or non-controlled studies of biofield therapies in which physiological measurements were made on practitioners in a healing state, with or without a healee present. Design and reporting criteria, developed in part to reflect the pilot nature of the included studies, were applied using a yes (1.0), partial (0.5), or no (0) scoring system., Results: Of 67 identified studies, the inclusion criteria were met by 22, 10 of which involved human healees. Overall, the studies were of moderate to poor quality and many omitted information about the training and experience of the healer. The most frequently measured biomarkers were electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV). EEG changes were inconsistent and not specific to biofield therapies. HRV results suggest an aroused physiology for Reconnective Healing, Bruyere healing, and Hawaiian healing but no changes were detected for Reiki or Therapeutic Touch., Conclusions: Despite a decades-long research interest in identifying healing-related biomarkers in biofield healers, little robust evidence of unique physiological changes has emerged to define the healers׳ state., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)