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A herbal ley is a diverse sward that includes different grasses and species, with varying rooting depths, properties and drought tolerances. Perennial ryegrass is the mainstay of most medium- to long-term herbal leys, as it gives the bulk of dry matter, germinates quickly, protects the soil and allows the herbs to establish. 445ha - 31ha in herbal leys, 41ha of permanent pasture, 161ha arable land and the rest is grass/clover leys. [Extracted from the article]

Members of the umbelliferae broad-leaved weed family must be identified and dealt with specifically in the spring, as autumn herbicide strategies do not target them. These include wild carrot, fool's parsley, shepherd's needle, corn parsley and bur chervil. Bur chervil, in particular, has been reported to be an increasing problem across Shropshire and Herefordshire, but is often incorrectly identified as wild carrot. [Extracted from the article]

Cereal seed treatment Austral Plus is now entering its use-up period and growers with any treated seed on farm should ensure it is drilled by the end of spring 2020. Syngenta's seed and seed treatment sales manager Samantha Brooke says it represents a blow for growers, particularly those drilling spring cereals into high-risk wireworm situations. Looking ahead, the pyrethroid seed treatment Signal 300 ES (cypermethrin) will offer an alternative to Austral Plus in autumn- or winter-sown crops of wheat and barley sown before 1 February. [Extracted from the article]

Many growers are already harnessing hybrid barley's spring vigour, its ability to build canopy quickly and its complex plant architecture to smother out blackgrass. Syngenta has also been exploring the potential for hybrid barley in controlling ryegrass by holding a simple crop species trial this year, comparing it with winter wheat and conventional winter barley. While conventional winter barley reduced the ryegrass seed return by 22% compared to winter wheat, hybrid barley reduced it by 67% at its Doncaster Ryegrass Focus site. [Extracted from the article]

A Welsh hill farm is experimenting with incorporating Timothy in grass seed mixes at inclusion rates of up to 40% to try to improve the persistency and quality of grazing leys on marginal land for fattening lambs. As Timothy seed is far smaller than ryegrass, shallow sowing is crucial - Mr Duller recommends planting seed no deeper than 1cm. Any deeper and the chances are you will reduce establishment and risk weed grasses filling in the gaps. [Extracted from the article]

Changes in barley management and the increasing yield potential of new varieties have strengthened the case for using seed treatments to reduce the impact of the soil-borne disease. This view had been reinforced by AHDB analysis investigating the impact of take-all in wheat and barley between 1999 and 2004, which showed little or no yield response to the specific seed treatment Latitude (silthiofam) in barley, despite positive effects in wheat. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the views of Noel Gowen, livestock consultant at agriculture service firm Grasstec, on making most of reseeding work. Topics discussed include days needed for starting reseeding work and the grazing, costing of reseeding according to Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB), and pasture produced by swards dominated by perennial ryegrass.

The article focuses on control of persistent ryegrass on farm in Kent through drilling, break crops and growing spring barley topped up by herbicide programme in affected areas. Topics dsicussed include herbicide programme for ryegrass by farmer Terry Metson which is expensive than for blackgrass, arable land which has been put down to grass, and spraying grass with standard herbicide programme.

The article focuses in rainfall in November and December 2018 which had no need for irrigation along with increased level of diseases chasing septoria in cereals which may damage fusarium. Topics discussed include how clover crops grew no flowers and leaves, rise in the risk of fusarium in wheat along with its management and yield of ryegrass.

The article reports on knowledge transfer initiative which is helping farmers tackle damaging agronomic threat of herbicide resistant weeds. Topics discussed include deep pool of information to draw from published by commercial agriculture firm AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds, approach of grain industry to clear messaging on weed control, and resistance of ryegrass and wild raddish.

The article examines how Finnish farmers have increased grass growth in Great Britain as of May 2018. It mentions about use of tetraploid perennial ryegrasses, alsike clover and white clover are over-sown in the spring season to replace winter kill and increase D-value and palatability of second and third silage cuts. It also mentions that soil surface of silage ground decreases the yield losses caused by ice damage.

The article presents information on James Alexander, farmer in Great Britain who is planning to increase yields by cutting his diesel bill by switching to direct drilling across his organic cropping. Topics discussed include having a combination of cover crops, mechanical weeders and high seed rates; focusing on weed control; and using red clover and rye grass for blackgrass control.

The article reports that twelve varieties of grass and clover have been added to the 2018-19 Recommended Grass and Clover Lists (RGCL). Topics discussed include an information that twelve varieties of grass and clover added are made up of different ryegrass species and, white clover variety; views of Liz Genever, senior scientist of Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB), on feed quality; and resistance to ryegrass mosaic virus and mildew are offered by grass and clover.

The article discusses the growing problem of ryegrass and machinery costs in Wiltshire and growers expectation from Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board's (AHDB) Monitor Farms for a solution. Plight of Roger and Peter Wilson, Lower Odd Farm near Malmesbury to improve the health of arable business is presented.

The article focuses on the initiatives of the farmers of Wiltshire, England to reduce the growth of ryegrasses in the farms. Topics include the crops grown on the farms, the works of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (ADHB), and the challenges faced by the growers due to the costs of machinery. Comments from the farmer Roger Wilson are presented.

The article discusses farmers' methods for combating grass weeds with pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide, and cites two examples: of farmer Richard Gill combating ryegrass, and farmers Andrew and Tom Ownsworth combating blackgrass. Topics discussed include management practices for blackgrass and ryegrass by the growers; views of Ben Coombs, herbicides campaign manager, on yield-sapping effects; and effect of coal mining on grass growing soil.

The article reports that dairy farmers HN Butler Farms of Hampshire, England took advantage of unseasonably warm early spring weather to take their first cut of silage in April 2017. It mentions that the farm mowed Westerwold ryegrass following a mild winter and optimal grass-growing conditions. It also presents the views of Will Butler, farm director at Whitewool Farm, on plans of the farm to take its first cut in early May 2017.

The article offers information on how the author grows ryegrass and breeds lambs in New Zealand.

The article focuses on tips on how to increase sward yield in Great Britain. Farm expert Charlie Morgan noted that swards will respond to nitrogen or slurry applications at soil depth of 10 centimeters and temperature of 5°C. He stressed the importance of monitoring the grass growth and re-seeds and lyes with high ryegrass content should be carefully managed. The role of GrassWatch in providing information on grass growth and quality is discussed.

The article discusses the importance of identifying the correct grassweeds to ensure the right strategies are employed. Pointers to consider to correctly identify grassweeds growth habit, leaf shape and color, presence or absence of auricles and their size and shape, and the characteristics of the ligule. The characteristics of grassweeds including blackgrass, Itallian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, bromes, annual meadowgrass, and wild coat are described.

In this article the discusses her farming strategies, citing challenges related to weather conditions encountered by her, as of September 2015. She states her experience of facing a four-year drought while farming in California, citing concerns regarding the prediction of an supposedly unfavorable winter. She describes her preparation, along with other farmers, for the winter like removal of manure for from dairy farms, and notes that she will grow crops like rye grass and clover on pastures.

The article focuses on glyphosate resistance found by the author in his ryegrass plant in western Australia and the need to take action against the resistance of ryegrass for herbicides. Topics discussed include tillering ryegrass found by the author in a crop of barley even after spraying Roundup; resistance management in Western Australia that found glyphosate resistance in ryegrass from truck delivering wheat and need for residual herbicides and mechanical weed seed capture to control weeds.

The article reports on the shortage of forage within the livestock industry in Great Britain. It mentions that the tremendous and continued rainfall has resulted to sodden ground and water-logged fields. According to the author, adding 3kg/acre of fast-growing Westerwolds ryegrasses to any reseeding mixture may boost late autumn grass yields.

The article reports on the possibility of cutting greenhouse gas emissions, reducing nitrate pollution and improving output from grassland through high yielding ryegrasses with increased water-soluble carbohydrate levels. According to Pete Wilkins, head of grass breeding at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), the improved protein-energy balance in high sugar grasses is also the reason for significant environmental bonuses.

The author offers updates on his livestock farming at their 142 hectares farm on Barnstaple in Devon, England. They have tilled some rape and ryegrass while having a shortage on winter feed. According to him, a grand total of 80 bales were achieved after they baled some second cut silage. He claims that a concerted effort from farmers is necessary to lobby an increase in milk prices.

Explores the methods and machinery involved in over-seeding that increase farm production in Great Britain. Benefits of re-seeding to plant breeders; Pros and cons of direct drilling and broadcast over-seeding; Effect of direct drilling on establishing red clover in ryegrass according to studies by the Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research.

Discusses the necessity of controlling the ryegrass weed. Consequences of not controlling ryegrass; Information on an herbicide product used for ryegrass weed control.

The article reports that British growers have been warned of possible troubles in 2014 after progress was shown to develop target-site resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor group of herbicides. According to weed expert Stephen Moss of Rothamsted Research, ryegrass also has ALS target-site resistance with implications for the use of products such as Atlantis and the Broadway range.

The article discusses the developments in the agriculture industry in Great Britain, particularly in the dairy sector. It features Cheshire farm manager Phil Asbury, who is eyeing to boost his milk income by around 11,000 pounds through careful grass management. It claims that Asbury has studied first hand the trial at the Teagasc Dairy Research Centre in Northern Ireland that focuses on the tetraploid ryegrasses.

The article features the 365-hectare (ha) farm in Great Britain, including 100 hectares of ryegrass and maize, 100ha of wheat and 40ha of barley.

The article offers information on a Harrington Seed Destructor developed by Australian farmer Ray Harrington to control herbicide-resistant ryegrass on his farm.

The article reports that farmers would be able to extend grazing season for cattle by three weeks and achieve high grass yields by using the Matrix enhanced ryegrass mixture. It states that Matrix can also yield a highly palatable, digestible and high sugar crop. According to Ian Misselbrook, grass seed manager for Limagrain, the variety must be defoliated before autumn and should be managed correctly because it has the potential to be exposed to winter damage.

The article covers issues on agriculture in Great Britain as of November 2008. A parentage verification and genetic marker profiling tool called Igenity from Merial enables animals that have missed the registration deadline to obtain a passport. Maize growers can increase their dry matter (DM) of silage by reducing plant losses through the use of seed treatments. The success of the Barenburg/Agri-Food & Biosiences Institute (AFBI) perennial ryegrass breeding programme was confirmed in the report "Grass adn Clover Varieties for Scotland 2008-2009."

The article emphasizes the importance of choosing herbicide to controlling ryegrass, relating to a study from Rothamsted Research. The study shows that 70 percent of Italian ryegrass samples were resistant to diclofop and/or tralkoxydim, while 36 percent were resistant to fluazifop. Cycloxydim and pinoxaden were significantly less affected, with about 20 percent of samples showing resistance to either active. Axial is advised to be a good choice in cereals where EMR ryegrass is present, while in oilseed rape Laser or Aramo re likely to be effective.

The article reports that grasses that reduce greenhouse emissions from cattle, provide efficient sinks for carbon, increase drought resistance, improve soil structure and soil water retention, are available currently or are near to market. Mike Humphreys, the Grasses Traits and Varieties team leader at the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), explains that IBERS high sugar perennial ryegrasses are more efficient converters of grass into milk and meat and reduce emissions of nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane by livestock.

The article reports that germination of blackgrass and ryegrass is likely to be more protracted in autumn 2007 and will require the adaptation of control strategies. Sarah Cook of ADAS Boxworth cited that blackgrass seeds are more dormant and unwilling to germinate. Stephen Moss of Rothamsted Research attributes the higher dormancy to cool, wet and dull conditions during seed maturation in June and July. Cook suggests using a robust ore-emergence herbicide with a residual component to cover protracted germination.

The article focuses on the threat posed by lack of moisture to quantity and quality of first-cut silage and summer grazing. It notes that sowing catch crops of stubble turnips and rape can provide valuable forage in 12 to 14 weeks' time. Also noted is the capability of newly reseeded leys to maintain their productivity better than the older ones during dry weather. It recommends to select mixtures with a higher proportion of tetraploid ryegrasses when planning to reseed drought-prone land.

The author offers updates on his livestock farming at their 648 hectares farm on Alnwick in Northumberland, England. He says that red clover and ryegrass have just been baled and wrapped with an average of five bales per acre. He was confused about their inability to keep their bulls in the correct field which according to him has never happened before.

The article discusses the author's experiences in arable farming in New Zealand. The increasing legislation, quality control and welfare issues are some of the challenges encountered. Ploughing and land work is progressing well. The first vining peas has been scheduled for sowing. It cites the plan to direct drill a mixture of forage oats and peas for silage as grass grub wiped out one paddock of a planned second-year perennial ryegrass seed crop.

The article focuses on the opportunities offered by haymaking to arable farmers in Great Britain. Haymaking could tap into the horse industry by making quality forage for the 1.2 million horses in the country. According to Simon Chaplin of Abbotts & Co., quality ryegrass in conventional bales can fetch £140-180 per tonne. Hay is being sold based on its look. INSET: Mervin Slade.

The article presents an update on the livestock industry in Great Britain as of February 17, 2006. The Oliver Seeds Grass and Forage 2006 brochure is available with new ryegrass varieties and an inclusion of the new Timothy variety Winnetou. Beefstock nuts have been reformulated by Harbro to improve stock performance, rumen health, feed conversion ratios and aid rapid lightweight gain. The Ralmer Convincer Feature cattle is the latest addition to Dairy Daughters.

Discusses the author's farming experience in New Zealand as of January 2006. Yield of Sherwood malting barley on non-irrigated land; Crops being grown on their land, including ryegrasses and white clover; Possible effect of rain on crop yields in 2006.

The article presents information on Axial wild oat and ryegrass herbicide from Syngenta. Rod Burke of Syngenta comments on herbicides used for control of wild oat and ryegrass. The use of the product has benefits for growers of wheat and barley. The herbicide will have a barley blackgrass control recommendation.

Presents information on the grass varieties developed by scientists from the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research and to be exhibited at the Royal Welsh Show at Builth Wells in Powys, Wales from July 18 to 21, 2005. Benefits of the breeding programme to the water-soluble carbohydrates yield; Significance of extra sugar to the growth of ryegrasses; Advantages of the high sugar grass varieties.

Reports on the aim of Syngenta to get approval for its post-emergence contact graminicide pinoxaden in time for next spring in Great Britain in 2005. Views of company executive Alison Bosher on pinoxaden; Information on a range of weeds being offered by the company; Comparison of pinoxaden's strength with those of ryegrass and annual meadow grass.

Reports that spring cropping may offer effective cultural control to fields infested with herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass according to results of agricultural tests conducted by the Home Grown Cereals Authority in Great Britain. Specific soil conditions to achieve the maximum performance of spring crops against ryegrass populations; Recommended pesticides for ryegrass control; Effects of the over-use of sulfonylureas on blackgrass and ryegrass.

Reports on the use of silage alternatives in increasing milk production of cows in Great Britain as of April 2005. Average increase in milk production when replacing ryegrass silage with mixtures of red clover and maize silage according to Richard Dewhurst of the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research; Information on a study funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs regarding the effects of legumes on nitrogen excretion; Comparison of nitrogen-use efficiency and grass silage.

Offers advice on preventing the development of seed-heads. Way of maintaining sward quality and yields; Information on seed-heads; Advantages of mowing in front of grazing cows; Ideal dates for ryegrass heading.

Reports that white clover is more vulnerable to hoof damage than ryegrass, according to an experiment conducted by a scientist at Ruakura research centre in New Zealand.

Reports on the spread of ryegrass resistance to herbicides, according to a survey conducted by pesticide manufacturer Makhteshim-Agan in 2004. Ratio of seed samples which showed resistance to Tralkoxydim; Approach to control ryegrass; Effect of overusing Atlantis product on the grass.