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The study aimed to explore the nutritional value of sea buckthorn by-products and the antibacterial effects of their extracts on Escherichia coli. The experiment employed the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method to determine flavonoid content, while alcohol extraction and water extraction methods were used to extract active substances from sea buckthorn by-products. The antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn by-product extracts on Escherichia coli were investigated by the filter paper method, perforation method, and broth dilution method. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of sea buckthorn by-products was 97.98%, ash content was 3.41%, crude protein (CP) content was 12.87%, and crude fat (EE) content was 22.48%. With the increase of sea buckthorn by-product addition, gas production showed a decreasing trend. Among alcohol extraction and water extraction methods, the constant broth dilution method exhibited the best antibacterial effect. In the alcohol extraction method, the filter paper method showed good antibacterial effect with an inhibition zone of 14.6 mm. In the water extraction method, the filter paper method did not exhibit a significant inhibition zone, and the perforation method was not significant in both alcohol extraction and water extraction methods. The study suggests that sea buckthorn by-products have rich nutritional value, and alcohol extraction is more effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli compared to water extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monthly data of 132 fattening feed prices for mutton sheep from January 2012 to December 2022, this paper selects soybean meal price, wheat bran price, mutton price, and natural disaster risk index as explanatory variables to analyze the influencing factors of fattening feed price fluctuation for mutton sheep in China. The results showed that the price of soybean meal had a significant impact on fattening feed of mutton sheep through an internal transmission mechanism. Natural disasters had obvious influence on the fluctuation of fattening feed price of mutton sheep through external impact mechanism. The fattening feed price of early mutton sheep had a significant impact on the fattening feed price of late mutton sheep. The study indicates that the conclusion of this paper can provide a reference for maintaining the long-term stability of fattening feed price of mutton sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major component of sustainable economic development, how to achieve green and high-quality development under the guidance of the strategy of agricultural power has become an important issue. This paper expounds the practical basis for the green and high-quality development of Chinese animal husbandry industry from three aspects: Continuous increase in support policies, increasingly strong market demand, and continuous enhancement of the competitiveness of animal husbandry industry. For an agricultural power, the green and high-quality development of the animal husbandry industry will help drive the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, help the rapid economic growth of animal husbandry, and build a modern ecology of the animal husbandry industry. Therefore, this paper proposes to strengthen the policy support of animal husbandry industry, improve the level of informatization of animal husbandry industry, and establish an innovative path of cold chain processing and distribution system for livestock and poultry commodities, so as to provide important support for the realization of the strategic goal of agricultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions from 2011 to 2021, this paper empirically tests the impact of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding in China with the help of double difference model. The results showed that the policy of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone had an obvious promotion effect on the cost efficiency of the beef cattle breeding industry in China, and the influence degree was 0.074. Transportation infrastructure, farmers' investment level, beef cattle slaughter rate, and economic development level all had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, and transportation infrastructure had the strongest positive promotion effect. There are obvious regional differences in the impact of livestock and poultry forbidden area policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which was manifested in the stronger promotion effect on ordinary beef cattle producing areas. Therefore, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as rationally delineating livestock and poultry forbidden areas, accelerating the improvement of transportation infrastructure and developing beef cattle breeding industry according to local conditions, so as to provide a useful reference for accelerating the high-quality development of the beef cattle breeding industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the reasonable and stable price of beef and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the beef market, based on the monthly data of Chinese livestock industry from December 2011 to December 2022, the paper selects corn price, producer expectation, calf price, and national policy to build a VAR model from the perspective of internal transmission and external impact, and empirically tests the influencing factors and degree of beef price fluctuation in China. The results show that corn prices, producer expectations, calf prices, and national policies can affect beef prices. Among them, the corn price has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef price through the internal transmission mechanism, and the stable contribution rate is about 8%. National policy has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef prices in China through the external impact mechanism,with a contribution rate of 15%. The price of beef in the early stage significantly affects the market price of beef in the later stage. Therefore, some suggestions were put forward to reduce the feed cost of the beef cattle industry, strengthen the financial support of the beef cattle industry, and improve the market supervision system of beef price fluctuation, in order to provide a reference for stabilizing the beef price and promoting the sustainable development of the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabuckthorn is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, and other active components. It has biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver-protecting, and cholagogic, which can enhance the immunity and antioxidant function of livestock and poultry, improve growth performance, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. Adding seabuckthorn residue, seeds, leaves or extracts to diet can promote the production of pigs, sheep, dairy cows and broilers to varying degrees, reduce feed costs and improve the economic benefits of breeding, but the active components and molecular mechanisms of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production are unclear. In this paper, the active components, biological functions, and application of seabuckthorn in livestock and poultry production were summarized, which provided a reference for the mechanism research, production application and development of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2022, this paper uses geographical concentration degree and spatial Gini coefficient to explore the spatial agglomeration characteristics of Chinese livestock modernization development, and uses a spatial econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of Chinese livestock modernization development. The results show that the modernization development of animal husbandry in China from 2008 to 2022 has a strong spatial agglomeration effect, which is manifested as the stage characteristics of 'decentralization- agglomeration-decentralization'. The Moran's index of Chinese animal husbandry modernization from 2008 to 2022 is significantly positive, indicating that Chinese animal husbandry modernization has an obvious spatial positive correlation. The number of animal husbandry employees, mechanization level, and per capita consumption of meat, egg and milk have significant positive effects on the modernization of animal husbandry in China. The water consumption of animal husbandry, urbanization rate, and density of transportation network have no significant influence on the modernization of animal husbandry. The spatial effect decomposition results showed that the number of livestock practitioners, mechanization level and per capita consumption of meat, egg, and milk also have significant positive effects on the modernization of Chinese livestock industry in neighboring areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual expansion of aquaculture industry in China, the frequent occurrence of diseases in aquatic animal aquaculture and the pollution of aquatic water are becoming more and more serious. The long-term use of antibiotics and traditional vaccines in aquaculture has caused water pollution, drug-resistant strains, antibiotic residues, and other problems, which restricts the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Plant polysaccharides play an important role in replacing antibiotics. Plant polysaccharides exist in the leaves, flowers, roots, stems, and fruits of plants. They are macromolecular polymers that connect various monosaccharides by glycosidic bonds. Plant polysaccharides have the advantages of safety, high efficiency, low residue and no drug resistance. Plant polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, lowering blood sugar, anti-tumor, and improving intestinal health. The application of plant polysaccharides in animal production can improve body health, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity, and improve production performance. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the physicochemical properties, biological functions of plant polysaccharides and their application in aquaculture, so as to provide a reference for their further promotion and application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the scale of poultry breeding in China is gradually expanding, and the demand for feed raw materials is also rising. At present, the poultry industry is facing the problem of shortage of protein feed resources, so it is urgent to find high-quality and sustainable protein feed raw materials. The edible insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) has become a potential sustainable new protein feed, which can replace traditional protein feed materials such as soybean meal and fish meal. BSF is a saprophytic insect, which mainly feeds on organic waste, and has the characteristics of rapid growth and reproduction, extensive feeding and high feed conversion rate. The larvae or pre-pupae of BSF are rich in protein, fat, minerals, and trace elements, and their content of essential amino acids is comparable to that of fish meal and soybean meal. They also contain bioactive substances such as lauric acid, antimicrobial peptides, and chitin. Based on the nutritional characteristics of BSF larvae and processed products, this paper reviewed the research progress of BSF in poultry breeding, in order to provide a reference for the wide application of BSF in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair follicle is a regenerative organ, and its growth process constantly goes through the cycle of growth, decline and rest period. The cyclic growth of hair follicle determines the growth and loss of fur. Hair follicles are not only regulated by genetic, environmental, and other factors, but also closely related to the content and type of nutrients in the diet, especially the protein content and amino acid composition. Protein is an important substance in the composition of fur animal coat. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the main amino acids that restrict the growth of coat. Sulfur elements exist in the coat in the form of disulfide bonds, which play an important role in maintaining the network space structure of coat fibrin molecules and resisting the erosion of various adverse factors from the outside world. In addition, lysine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glutamic acid, and other non-sulfur-containing amino acids are also involved in the formation of fur animal skin sheets, which play an important role in controlling fur animal skin coat color, promoting coat growth and regulating fur maturation. In this paper, the recent research progress on the effects of protein content and amino acid composition in feed on fur quality of fur animals is reviewed, in order to provide a reference for guiding the genetic selection and production of fur animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nibea is rich in protein, essential amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements and swim bladder collagen. The meat is tender, delicious and has high nutritional value. Nibea also has the advantages of adaptability, rapid growth, and strong stress resistance, and is one of the important mariculture fish in the coastal areas of China. Currently there are a lot of reports on the nutritional requirements and feed of Nibea, but studies on its precise nutritional requirements at different growth stages and the relationship between nutrients and functional feed additives are still not thorough enough. The cultivation of Nibea is mainly based on chopped and fresh ice mixed fish, lacking specialized formulated feed, which has disadvantages such as nutritional imbalance, unstable quality, and water pollution. In this paper, the research progress of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral requirements as well as dietary protein sources, fat sources, and additives were reviewed in order to provide a reference for the study of precise nutritional requirements and the preparation of efficient and environmentally friendly compound feeds of Nibea, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of Nibea aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the global concern about food safety and environmental pollution is increasing day by day. Reducing the use of toxic and harmful additives such as antibiotics, hormones, and chemicals in livestock and poultry feed, developing green, safe, efficient, and low-residue additives, ensuring consumers' health, and improving the ecological environment are the focus of animal husbandry at present. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plants, which widely exist in bark, root, stem, leaf, fruit, and seeds of plants. They have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, reducing oxidative stress, protecting intestinal mucosa, improving intestinal flora structure, promoting growth, and regulating immunity, etc. They can improve animal production performance and product quality, and have potential development value to enhance the economic benefits of farms. In this paper, the role of flavonoids and their application in livestock and poultry breeding were reviewed, and the application research progress of flavonoids in calves and adult cattle was emphasized, to provide a reference for its rational application in cattle production at different growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Callicarpa nudiflora can be used as a new green plant feed additive in animal production. The main chemical components of Callicarpa nudiflora are flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, volatile oils, etc. These components play different pharmacological roles in anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antibacterial, and immune enhancement, which can be used in animal production. In order to promote the further development and citation of Callicarpa nudiflora, the paper summarized the pharmacological activity and mechanism of Callicarpa nudiflora, and summarized its research progress in monogastric animal production, providing a reference for the subsequent development of Callicarpa nudiflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important trait of poultry, bone characteristics affect the healthy development of poultry. Breeding of fast weight gain broilers and laying hens with a high laying rate increases the burden on skeletal system, which easily leads to abnormal skeletal development of chickens. Bone metabolism imbalance easily affects bone health, and then affects chicken growth performance. Chinese herbal medicine has many advantages, such as abundant medicine source, many nutrients and active ingredients, good application effect, little toxic and side effects, and is not easy to produce durable medicinal properties, so it has a wide application prospect in livestock and poultry production. At present, the research on Chinese herbal medicine and its active components regulating chicken bone metabolism and bone health has become a hot spot. In this paper, the growth and development of chicken bone, the characteristics of bone metabolism and common bone diseases of chicken were briefly described, and the research on bone metabolism and bone health of chicken by Chinese herbal medicine and its active components was summarized, which provided a reference for the development and application of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of chicken bone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is an anaerobic heterotrophic Gram-positive Bacillus, which can produce butyric acid and lactic acid. As a kind of probiotics, Clostridium butyricum is widely found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. The characteristics of Clostridium butyricum are safety, high temperature resistance, gastric acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and so on. Adding proper amount of Clostridium butyricum in diet can improve animal growth performance, enhance animal immunity and antioxidant function, improve livestock and poultry product quality, adjust intestinal microecological balance, and promote intestinal health. Compared with antibiotics, Clostridium butyricum can effectively reduce drug residue, which has the advantages of green environmental protection and no drug resistance. It is an ideal substitute for dietary antibiotics. The paper reviews the characteristics, biological functions and mechanism of Clostridium butyricum, and summarizes the applications of Clostridium butyricum in poultry production, in order to provide a reference for reasonable application of Clostridium butyricum in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed, natural plant components as feed additives instead of antibiotics have gradually attracted wide attention and research. Resveratrol, as a natural polyphenol compound with various biological activities, which mainly exists in grapes, Polygonum cuspidatum and other plants, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer properties. Adding resveratrol to feed can improve the intestinal health of pigs, promote the balance and growth of intestinal microorganisms, and enhance the immunity and disease resistance of pigs. In addition, resveratrol can also improve mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity of pigs, improve energy metabolism and utilization efficiency of pigs, and improve the growth performance and reproductive performance of pigs. This paper summarizes the application status of resveratrol in pig production, and discusses its potential mechanism, so as to better understand its application effect and potential in pig production and provide reference for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fur color of mammals is mainly determined by melanin synthesized by melanocytes. Cell staining includes melanocyte development, melanin synthesis and metabolism, and signal pathways regulating melanin synthesis. Melanocytes can be classified into many types, and these types can be identified by a variety of melanocyte markers. Fur color can judge the physical condition and nutritional status of animals, and different fur colors may have certain influence on animal production. This paper reviews the structural basis and development cycle of mammalian fur color formation, describes the cytochrome process from neural crest to mature melanocytes residing in several tissues, summarizes the types of melanocytes and the markers of each type of melanocytes, and discusses the application of animal coat color in animal production, providing help for analyzing the genetic mechanism of mammalian fur color formation and providing effective suggestions for animal production affected by fur color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of intensive poultry breeding in China, the demand for poultry feed raw materials is increasing rapidly. However, the shortage of cereal feed and the persistently high price make it urgent for poultry feed production industry to explore cheaper energy alternative feed. Cassava has the characteristics of high yield, rich starch and fiber, high energy value, etc. It can replace corn or other energy feed in poultry breeding. The effective use of cassava products has been proved to reduce the feed cost of poultry production. However, the utilization of cassava is limited by many factors, such as low protein and anti-nutritional factors. Using correct processing and scientific formula, the addition level of cassava in poultry diet can be improved. In this paper, the nutritional characteristics, feed utilization, and application of cassava in poultry diet were reviewed, which provided a reference for the application of cassava in poultry diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia argyi leaves are a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, which has the functions of placenta placenta and hemostasis, dispelling cold and expelling dampness. Artemisia argyi leaves contains protein, fat, vitamins, mineral elements, and other nutrients, with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other effects. As a feed additive, Artemisia argyi leaves can enhance the growth performance and immune function of animals, as well as improve the quality of animal products. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of Artemisia argyi leaves and their active components to play related functions deserves further study. In this paper, the extraction technology, application and action mechanism of the active components of Artemisia argyi leaves were reviewed, so as to provide a reference for rational application of Artemisia argyi leaves in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus subtilis is one of the widely used probiotics, which has strong stability and can survive and reproduce in animal intestines. Bacillus subtilis has synergistic effects with other probiotics or prebiotics, which is widely used in microbial feed additives. Bacillus subtilis has more advantages in viability in gastrointestinal tract than lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium. Bacillus subtilis can regulate the intestinal flora of animals, improve growth performance, enhance immunity and intestinal health. Based on the physiological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis, the paper describes its application in animal production and its functions in regulating intestinal health, inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing immunity, aiming at providing reference for the related application of Bacillus subtilis in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is a good probiotic additive, which can effectively improve the growth performance of piglets, improve the diarrhea of piglets, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets, and reduce the mortality of piglets. Clostridium butyricum can produce short-chain fatty acids mainly butyric acid, cooperate with other probiotics to regulate the digestive environment, improve the intestinal microstructure, and help maintain the microecological balance, thus improving the digestion and absorption capacity of piglets. With the gradual application of Clostridium butyricum in piglet feeding, it is necessary to further study the specific mechanism of Clostridium butyricum's probiotic effect on piglets. This paper reviewed the biological function of Clostridium butyricum and its probiotic effect on piglets and its mechanism, which provided a reference for improving the feeding effect of Clostridium butyricum on piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the supply of feed grain is an important starting point for stabilizing the supply and demand of feed grain market and promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Based on the monthly data samples of feed grain supply and demand structure from January 2006 to December 2022, this paper uses the VAR model to empirically analyze the feed grain supply and demand structure in China. The results showed that maize supply had the most obvious influence on feed grain supply and demand structure, followed by urban and rural residents' consumption of livestock products, and rice supply was the lowest. From the perspective of supply, the main influencing factors of feed grain supply and demand structure change include maize supply, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, and wheat supply. From the perspective of demand, the consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents was the main factor affecting the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. From the perspective of emergencies, natural disaster risk index was not the Granger cause of the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. Under ignoring other factors, the contribution rate of natural disaster risk index to the change of feed grain supply and demand structure after seven weeks was 23.62%. Research shows that changes in the supply and demand structure of feed grains are mainly influenced by factors such as corn supply, consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, wheat supply, and natural disaster risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberry is a perennial deciduous woody plant, and its leaves are homologous food of medicine and food, which have been widely used in feed industry in recent years. After fermentation, the content of anti-nutritional factors such as cellulose and tannin in mulberry leaves is reduced, and the content of crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, and minerals is abundant, which has the effect of improving feed conversion rate and animal product quality. The paper mainly introduces the contents of conventional nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in mulberry leaves, the commonly used strains for fermentation, and the changes of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors and bioactive substances in mulberry leaves after fermentation. The effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of pigs, ruminants, poultry and fish were summarized. The future research direction of mulberry in the field of feed industry was prospected, in order to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of mulberry in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeysuckle, as an important medicinal and edible plant, contains a variety of chemical active components, mainly including volatile oils, flavonoids, organic acids and iridoid glycosides, etc., which have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory effects. Honeysuckle and its extract can improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of feed, promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry and meat quality, regulate the metabolism of energy, protein, lipids and sugar of livestock and poultry, and improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of livestock and poultry. In the paper, the main active components, physiological functions, and application status of honeysuckle and its extracts in livestock and poultry production were summarized, in order to provide a reference for honeysuckle and its extracts to improve the production efficiency and product quality of livestock and poultry, and to replace antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens L.) is a kind of scavenging insect, which can convert organic waste such as animal feces, kitchen waste, and plant residues into its own nutrition, so as to achieve green and efficient transformation of resources. Larvae, especially defatted meal, is a good source of dietary protein. At present, most of the studies on forage fertilization of black soldier fly larvae are focused on protein nutrition, but there are few studies on black soldier fly larvae oil. The paper describes the main components of black soldier fly larvae oil, analyzes its nutritional value as feed, summarizes the main factors affecting the quality of black soldier fly larvae oil, reviews the research progress of using black soldier fly larvae oil instead of traditional feed in livestock, aquatic products, and other animal breeding at home and abroad, and puts forward some shortcomings and improvement methods of black soldier fly larvae oil as feed, to provide a reference for fully exploiting the application potential of the black soldier fly larvae oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-glucan is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which can be used as a green additive in many fields such as food and aquaculture, and has sustainability and ecological friendliness. β-glucan has many biological functions, which can inhibit and eliminate excessive free radicals in vivo, activate the antioxidant enzyme system and reduce the degree of oxidative stress. β-glucan can reduce the production of inflammatory factors and alleviate the tissue damage caused by inflammation by regulating the inflammatory pathway. β-glucan can repair intestinal barrier, regulate intestinal microecology, and reduce the penetration of bacteria and toxins. β-glucan can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, ensure that animals get enough energy supply, and thus maintain the health of the body. In this paper, the characteristics, biological functions and application status of β-glucan in livestock and poultry and aquaculture were reviewed in order to provide a reference for further application of β-glucan in animal breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gossypol is a yellow polyphenol naturally produced by Malvaceae plants such as cotton, which mainly exists in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of cotton. Gossypol has animal toxicity, and long-term intake of gossypol will accumulate in livestock and cause poisoning, resulting in decreased fecundity, organ lesions, and even death of animals. The cotton output in Xinjiang is huge, accounting for more than 80% of the whole country. After cotton harvest, most of the waste cotton straws are directly crushed and returned to the field, resulting in great waste of resources. Cotton straw is rich in crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which is equivalent to common crop straw in nutritional components. However, its gossypol content exceeded the standard, which limited the application of cotton straw feed. How to achieve efficient and low-cost detoxification of gossypol has become the key factor to determining the fodder of cotton straw. The structure, properties, toxicity, detoxification technology, and detoxification mechanism of gossypol were summarized in this paper, which provided a reference for feed utilization of cotton straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to probiotics, some inactivated bacteria, their components, and metabolites also have many probiotic functions, which can be collectively called postbiotics Postbiotics mainly come from inactive components in probiotics, which can play a probiotic role. It has the advantages of high safety, good stability and wide applicability, and has many probiotic effects such as improving gastrointestinal function, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic, immune regulation, and relieving obesity. It has broad application prospects in the fields of food, medicine, and animal husbandry production. At present, postbiotics has been gradually used in animal production, and has shown many functions, such as improving livestock and poultry production performance, improving animal product quality and preventing and treating diseases, but its application has not been popularized. In this paper, the research progress of postbiotics in livestock and poultry production was summarized, in order to provide a reference for its further wide application in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of broiler price fluctuation, which is beneficial to promote the healthy and stable development of poultry breeding industry. Based on the sample data of 252 broiler feed enterprises in China from January 2002 to December 2022, after passing the stability test, VAR model and variance decomposition method were used to analyze the main factors causing the fluctuation of broiler feed price in China from the aspects of broiler feed price, supply, and demand. The results showed that at the supply level, the main influencing factors of broiler feed price fluctuation were corn stock and soybean meal stock, and the impact of corn stock and soybean meal stock on broiler feed price in the seventh period were 30.78% and 20.39%, respectively. At the demand level, in the seventh period, the per capita disposable income of rural residents and the stock of fertile broilers had a relatively high impact on broiler feed prices, which were 9.06% and 6.87%, respectively. The results showed that the price fluctuation of broiler feed was most affected by the price of broiler feed itself, followed by corn stock, soybean meal stock, per capita disposable income of rural residents, breeding hens stock, fish and shrimp price, broiler stock, beef price, and per capita disposable income of urban residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of Chinese animal husbandry, the healthy development of beef cattle breeding has become a key way to promote the virtuous cycle of agricultural production system. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies on the efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which is conducive to the healthy and high-quality development of the breeding industry. Based on the panel data of four beef cattle breeding advantage areas from 2008 to 2021, the efficiency of beef cattle breeding was measured by stochastic frontier analysis, and the Logit model was used to calculate the propensity score before and after the promulgation of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies in 2014. On this basis, the propensity score matching method was used to test the effect of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies on beef cattle breeding efficiency. The results showed that compared with before the promulgation of the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy, the breeding efficiency of beef cattle increased by 18.2% after the promulgation of the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy, indicating that the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy can improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding. This conclusion is still valid after four endogenous tests: caliper matching, one-to-one matching, nuclear matching and K-proximity matching. The results show that the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy can effectively alleviate the environmental problems caused by beef cattle breeding, promote the research and development and innovation of breeding technology, and improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jerusalem artichoke has the characteristics of high yield, strong adaptability and wide application range, and is rich in active substances such as inulin, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and amino acids. Jerusalem artichoke has the functions of improving the intestinal ecological environment of livestock and poultry, relieving constipation, promoting mineral absorption, regulating blood glucose and blood lipids. Jerusalem artichoke can reduce livestock mortality, improve slaughter rate, meat quality, production performance and immune organ index, and has the potential to be used as a functional feed additive. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, physiological functions and applications of Jerusalem artichoke inulin, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids and amino acids in animal production were reviewed, to provide a reference for promotion and application of Jerusalem artichoke as a functional feed additive in livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chito-oligosaccharide is a class of small molecule compounds with good water solubility, high biocapacitivity, low toxicity, and easy intestinal absorption, which are prepared by chitosan deacetylation and have various physiological effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. As a new feed additive, chito-oligosaccharide has a significant role in improving the production of animals, which can effectively improve production performance and product quality, which is in line with the development trend of healthy breeding. Therefore, the paper reviews the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of chito-oligosaccharides, and expounds the role of chito-oligosaccharides in broiler production from meat quality, immune function, growth performance, and intestinal barrier, aiming to provide a reference for chito-oligosaccharides to be used as a green and efficient feed additive in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant nutrients and bioactive components, less drug residues, natural pollution-free, and friendly to water environment, so it has become a new green feed additive in aquaculture industry. The application of Chinese herbal medicine and its compound additives can improve the growth and development speed, feed utilization rate and digestion and absorption ability of aquatic animals, enhance the ability of disease resistance, antibacterial and anti-stress of aquatic animals, and improve muscle flavor and nutritional value. The paper summarizes the physicochemical properties and biological functions of active components and nutrients of Chinese herbal medicines, and shows the biological characteristics of compound Chinese herbal medicine additives in aquaculture of fish, shrimp, crab, and other aquatic animals, aiming at providing references for the research and development of compound Chinese herbal additives and their further application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms, and taking probiotics in moderation is beneficial to the health of the host. Probiotics have the functions of antitoxin, anti-pathogenic bacteria, and diarrhea reduction, which can improve the balance of intestinal flora, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and improve host immunity. Adding probiotics to livestock and poultry diets can supplement intestinal microbial population, improve animal production performance, and restore the immune system function of the host. In this paper, the screening criteria, action mechanism, and application progress of probiotics in intestinal health of livestock and poultry were summarized, and the effects of probiotics on intestinal structure, immune function, and production performance were discussed, which provided a reference for the application of probiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal husbandry in northern China has great development potential, but the continuous low temperature in winter can easily cause cold stress response of ruminants, which leads to the reduction of ruminant performance, immunity, antioxidant, and other functions, and causes huge losses to animal production. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of cold stress and its regulation technology for the healthy development of animal husbandry in northern China. The paper reviews the mechanism of cold stress in ruminants, as well as the research progress on the production performance, physiological immunity and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of ruminants, and proposes the regulation technology related to cold stress, so as to provide a reference for the research on cold stress in ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea polyphenols are the main components in tea. Tea polyphenols are the general name of a kind of polyphenolic mixture with a phenolic hydroxyl structure, which is mainly composed of flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and catechins, and has biological functions such as antioxidation, antiviral, antibacterial and bacteriostatic, and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. As a feed additive, the tea polyphenols can improve the immunity and antioxidant function of animal body, improve the disease resistance of the body, regulate various physiological metabolic functions in the body, and then improve the production performance of animals and increase the profit of breeding. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, main components, biological functions of tea polyphenols and their application in animal production were reviewed, which provided some reference for efficient utilization of tea polyphenols in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural herbaceous plant resources are abundant and widely distributed in China. Polyphenols extracted from natural herbaceous plant have many biological functions, and can be developed as feed additives instead of antibiotics. The plant polyphenol extract can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function, improve the quality of livestock and poultry products, and regulate intestinal health. In this paper, the effects of plant polyphenol extracts on immunomodulation, antioxidation, and intestinal health were reviewed, and the application of plant polyphenol compounds in animal husbandry was summarized, in order to provide a reference for the application of plant polyphenol extracts in actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus probiotics are common microecological agents, and their spores are highly resistant to temperature, pressure, and nutrients, and can tolerate various feed processing technologies, so they have been widely used in livestock and poultry production. The action mechanism of Bacillus probiotics includes secreting antibacterial substances or directly inhibiting bacteria through quorum sensing, regulating the intestinal environment to facilitate the colonization of symbiotic bacteria and non-pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract, regulating immunity to facilitate the development of the host adaptive immune system, and producing enzymes and acids to promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary addition of Bacillus can reduce weight loss and backfat loss of sows during lactation, reduce the occurrence rate of perinatal metabolic syndrome of sows, and increase the birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain of piglets. In this paper, the research progress on the action mechanism of Bacillus probiotics and its influence on the growth performance and health of sows and piglets in recent years were reviewed, which provided a reference for better use of Bacillus in livestock and poultry production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein mulberry is a new mulberry variety bred by manual screening and hybridization, which has been defined as a functional feed. Protein mulberry has high protein content, rich amino acid content, good palatability, potential ecological value and feed value, and has broad development prospects. Compared with fresh feeding and hay feeding, mulberry silage has great advantages. With the gradual improvement of protein mulberry silage processing technology, it is found that adding some feed additives such as sugars, fungus preparations, enzyme preparations, etc. to silage can better make protein mulberry silage successful. Protein mulberry can improve the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant function of animals, and improve meat quality and egg quality. This paper reviews the nutritional value, processing and utilization of protein mulberry, and its application in animal feed, which provides a reference for the application of protein mulberry in feed processing and animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of exogenous salicylic acid soaking treatment on millet germination and seedling growth under PEG stress, Jizajinmiao NO. 1 millet was used as the test material, and the effects of five salicylic acid concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L) on the seed germination process and seedling growth of millet under 20% PEG treatment were determined by Petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that with the increase of salicylic acid concentration, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of millet seeds showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and when the concentration of salicylic acid was 150 mg/L, all the indexes reached the maximum, which were 95.33%, 90.67%, 1.12, and 39.22, respectively, which were 1.22, 1.30, 1.36, and 2.12 times that of the distilled water control group (the alicylic acid concentration was 0 mg/L). The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of millet seeds under PEG stress were higher than those of the PEG control treatment (the salicylic acid concentration was 0 mg/L and 20% PEG solution was added), the salicylate concentration increased first and then decreased with the increase of salicylate concentration, and the indexes reached the maximum when the salicylic acid concentration was 150 mg/L. With the increase of salicylic acid concentration, root length, plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, proline content, and peroxidase (POD) activity of foxtail millet seedlings increased first and then decreased, while the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The results showed that the salicylic acid had a significant effect on seed germination and seedling growth of millet under drought stress, and the better treatment effect was achieved when the concentration of salicylic acid was 150 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drastic price fluctuation of pig industry chain is not only related to the vital interests of consumers, but also has an important impact on the long-term development of pig industry. Based on 161 monthly sample data from 2009 to 2022, using the VAR model, this paper explores the influencing factors of price fluctuation of pig industry chain from two levels: The main product prices of pig industry chain, upstream link and middle-down stream link. The research shows that the price fluctuation of pig industry chain is most affected by the prices of its main products, and the prices of main products in the first 10 periods still have 61.835 8% influence on the price fluctuation of pig industry chain in the current month. From the upstream link of industrial chain, rice bran price, soybean price and wheat bran price can all have a significant impact on the price fluctuation of pig industrial chain, and the impact of rice bran price in the first 10 periods on the price fluctuation of pig industrial chain in the current month is 39.783 8%. From the middle-down stream link of the industrial chain, inflation level and farm scale have a great influence on the price fluctuation of pig industrial chain. Research has shown that the price fluctuations in the pig industry chain are easily influenced by factors such as the prices of its main products, rice bran, soybeans, wheat bran, inflation levels, and farm scale. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the price fluctuation warning mechanism and enhance the regulation of circulation and operation links to promote the stable development of the pig market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-quality development of the feed industry is the basis for ensuring the stability and quality safety of the food supply chain, and it is also an important part of building modem animal husbandry power and an agricultural power. Based on the mesoscopic level, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of five dimensions: Product quality, production efficiency, industrial structure, green development, and scientific and technological innovation, and uses the entropy weight method evaluation model to measure the high-quality development level in the feed industry. It is found that from 2012 to 2021, the level of high-quality development in the feed industry has significantly improved, and it exhibits obvious stage characteristics. In the sub-dimension of high-quality development of the feed industry, product quality, production efficiency, green development, and scientific and technological innovation have developed rapidly, but the industrial structure has shown a slight downward trend. Accordingly, it is necessary to formulate a training plan for quality inspection talent, create an innovation chain to achieve 'both quantity and quality' in feed products, promote green production models to empower carbon reduction and efficiency improvement, increase R&D investment, drive intelligent operation, and further empower the high-quality development of the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imprinting technology is a technology that simulates the interaction between enzymes, substrates, antigens and antibodies, and specifically identifies imprinted molecules, which can specifically identify templates or analogues, and is often used in the pretreatment of analytical samples for efficient extraction and purification of samples. Macrolides are one of the commonly used antibiotics in animal husbandry, which are widely used in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in livestock and poultiy, but non-standard use may lead to residues in the production of animal products and the environment, posing a threat to human health. The paper reviews the research progress of molecular imprinting technology for the detection of macrolide drag residues, focusing on the introduction of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction and magnetic molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction, and prospects for the application of molecular imprinting technology in the pretreatment of macrolide drag residue analysis, so as to provide reference for optimi方ng the pretreatment method of macrolide antibiotics detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographis paniculata is a common Chinese herbal medicine, which is often used to treat colds and fevers, sore throats, sores on the mouth and tongue, etc. Andrographis paniculata has a variety of chemical components, including esters, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Andrographis paniculata contains a variety of chemical components, including esters, flavonoids and alkaloids, etc., and exhibits a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral. Andrographis paniculata as a feed additive can improve animal immunity, promote the growth and development of poultry, improve the quality of animal products, and prevent and treat animal diseases, in this paper, the main active components extraction methods of Andrographis paniculata, their biological activities function and their application in animal production were reviewed, in order to provide references for the application of Andrographis paniculata in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanidinoacetic acid （GAA） is ail important precursor of creatine synthesis in vertebrates, and is also a new nutritional feed additive. Due to its good cost performance and bioavailability, as well as its more stable characteristics than creatine, guanidinoacetic acid has gradually become a substitute for creatine in animal feed, and has been widely used in the animal husbandry industry at home and abroad. In animal production, the role of guanidine acetic acid is mainly reflected in improving energy supply, saving arginine, promoting body growth, improving rumen environment, promoting rumen fermentation, and improving meat quality, etc., which has brought good economic benefits to the aquaculture industry. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of guanidine glycolic acid, the metabolic process of guanidine glycolic acid, the biological function of guanidine glycolic acid, and the effects of guanidine glycolic acid on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, mutton quality, and other aspects of sheep production in sheep breeding were reviewed, in order to provide a reference for further application of the guanidine glycolic acid in ruminant sheep production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of banning antibiotics in feed and reducing antibiotics in veterinary drugs, finding green, safe, and efficient alternatives to feed antibiotics is a hot issue in sheep farming at present. Microecological preparation is a kind of non-toxic, residue-free, non-resistant and green biologically active preparation, which has the functions of regulating the microecological balance of the intestinal tract, improving the intestinal barrier, improving the immunity, enhancing the antioxidant function, and facilitating the digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is one of the ideal alternatives to antibiotics, and it is widely used in the production of livestock and poultry. In recent years, the research and application of microecological agents in sheep production have also made great progress, and have been proved to play a positive role in the growth performance, meat quality, immune function, and antioxidant function of sheep. In this paper, the mechanism of micro-ecological agents and their application in sheep production are discussed comprehensively, aiming to provide a reference for the micro-ecological agents rational application and development in sheep production, and to further promote the efficient and healthy development of sheep farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zearalenone （ZEA） is one of the common mycotoxins in feed, which mainly affects the reproductive system, gastrointestinal function, immune system, and cell viability of pigs. When pigs ingest ZEA-contaminated feed, it is easy to cause abortion in sows, abnormal sperm motility in boars, intestinal dysfunction and intestinal inflammation, reduce immune function and inflammatory reactions in liver, kidneys, and other organs, and cause abnormal cell proliferation, oxidative damage and other cytotoxicity, resulting in serious losses to pig breeding industiy. The paper introduces the physicochemical properties of ZEA, the limit standard in cereal feed, and the main metabolic process in pigs. The clinical harm and possible pathogenic mechanism of ZEA to pigs are emphatically expounded by the aspects of reproductive toxicity, intestinal toxicity, immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The main methods to reduce the toxicity of ZEA and the prevention and control measures are put forward, which provide references for promoting the healthy development of pig industry and ensuring the safety of feed and meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus licheniformis is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, acid resistance, enzyme production, and antibacterial substances, which can improve the growth performance of broilers, improve immune performance, promote intestinal development and regulate intestinal flora, prevent and control diseases such as chicken necrotizing enteritis and coccidiosis, and has the potential to replace antibiotics. The paper reviewed the effects of Bacillus Hcheniformis on the growth performance, immune function, antioxidant performance, intestinal development, and microbial composition of broilers, as well as the prevention and control effects of necrotizing enteritis and coccidiosis, and summarized the appropriate dosage of Bacillus Hcheniformis, in order to provide a reference for the application of Bacillus Hcheniformis in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roughage plays an important role in maintaining ruminant health and improving performance. Roughage is fermented and degraded by microorganisms in the rumen into substances that can be absorbed and utilized, which can maintain the normal life activities of the body. Rumen health can be maintained by stimulating rumination, saliva secretion, and rumen development in animals. Inadequate roughage intake can lead to gastrointestinal damage, nutrient deficiencies, reduced performance, and behavioral abnormalities in ruminants. The differences in tissue structure and nutrient composition of different roughages will affect the nutrient digestion, nitrogen utilization and metabolism of ruminants. Therefore, different roughage sources in the diet are key factors affecting rumen function and performance. In this paper, the quality of roughage from different sources and its effects on ruminant microorganisms, body metabolism, and production performance were reviewed, and the mechanism of action was elaborated, so as to provide a reference for the rational utilization of roughage in ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of Chinese-style modernization, building a modern livestock industry system is a crucial element in advancing the construction of a modern industrial system and holds significant importance for achieving the modernization of industries in China. At the current stage, the comprehensive production capacity of the livestock industry continues to grow, the organizational structure of the industry continues to optimize, and the level of industrial agglomeration continues to rise, laying a solid practical foundation for constructing a modern livestock industry system. From a dynamic perspective, key drivers for constructing the livestock industry system include the upgrading of market demand, policy support for livestock, and the driving force of digital technology. The paper is proposed to orient development towards 'green' practices, constructing an ecological system for the modern livestock industry, to be guided by 'smart' development, constructing an organizational system for the modern livestock industry through digital technologies, and to leverage 'innovation' as a focal point, constructing a chain system for the modern livestock industry. The goal is to provide reference for accelerating the construction of a modern livestock industry system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]