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Caterpillar fungi have numerous pharmacological and therapeutic applications in traditional medicine, due to a variety of active chemical constituents, such as cordycepin and adenosine. It is imperative to discover new resource for artificial cultivation and biometabolite production since the traditional natural species are endangered. In this study, a new strain HACM 001 was isolated and identified as Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis by rDNA-ITS sequencing. This strain showed the potential of artificial infection to caterpillar larvae leading to mummification, as well as fermentation mycelia in liquid culture and cultivation stromata in solid medium. Eight nucleosides and nucleobases, especially cordycepin and adenosine, were determined and analyzed with HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology. Cordycepin was detected in all forms of present O. xuefengensis strain at different contents, among which the highest content (37.1 µg/g) appeared in the stromata cultivated on solid medium. The content of adenosine in mycelia and stromata, respectively, reached 1155 µg/g and 1470 µg/g. Therefore, O. xuefengensis might be an alternative source for obtaining artificial fungus-caterpillar-larvae complex and producing cordycepin and adenosine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]